1. Chapter 11.B The Nervous System
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Seventh Edition
Elaine N. Marieb
William A. Simmons
Chapter 11.B The Nervous System

2. Organization of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Brain
Spinal cord
Efferent
Afferent
Efferent
Autonomic
Motor
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

3. Cranial Nerves - know
12 pairs of nerves that mostly serve the head and neck (1 major exception)
Numbered in order, front to back using Roman Numerals (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, etc.)
Most are mixed nerves (sensory and motor)

4. Distribution of Cranial Nerves
Figure 7.21
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5. Cranial Nerves – Fill in table!
I Olfactory nerve – sensory for smell
II Optic nerve – sensory for vision
III Oculomotor nerve – motor fibers to eye muscles
IV Trochlear – motor fiber to eye muscles
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6. Cranial Nerves
V Trigeminal nerve – sensory for the face; motor fibers to chewing muscles
VI Abducens nerve – motor fibers to eye muscles
VII Facial nerve – sensory for taste; motor fibers to the face
VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve – sensory for balance and hearing
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7. Cranial Nerves
IX Glossopharyngeal nerve – sensory for taste; motor fibers to the pharynx
X Vagus nerves – sensory and motor fibers for pharynx, larynx, and viscera
XI Accessory nerve – motor fibers to neck and upper back
XII Hypoglossal nerve – motor fibers to tongue
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9. Cranial Nerve Exams

10. Autonomic Nervous System
The involuntary branch of the nervous system
Consists of only motor nerves
Divided into two divisions
Sympathetic division (“fight, fright, flight” – or “stress and aggression”)
Parasympathetic division (“rest and digest” – or “feed and breed”)
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11. Differences Between Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
Nerves
Somatic – one motor neuron
Autonomic – preganglionic and postganglionic nerves
Effector organs
Somatic – skeletal muscle
Autonomic – smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
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12. Differences Between Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
Nerurotransmitters
Somatic – always use acetylcholine
Autominic – use acetylcholine, epinephrine, or norepinephrine
Slide 7.68b
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13. Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
Figure 7.24
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14. Anatomy of the Sympathetic Division
Originates from T1 through L2
Ganglia are at the sympathetic trunk (near the spinal cord)
Short pre-ganglionic neuron and long postganglionic neuron transmit impulse from CNS to the effector
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are neurotransmitters to the effector organs
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15. Sympathetic Pathways Figure 7.26 Slide 7.71
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16. Anatomy of the Parasympathetic Division
Originates from the brain stem and S1 through S4
Terminal ganglia are at the effector organs
Always uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter
Slide 7.72
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17. Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System
Figure 7.25
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18. Autonomic Functioning
Sympathetic – “fight-or-flight” (or fright)
Response to unusual stimulus
Takes over to increase activities
Remember as the “E” division = exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment
Slide 7.74a
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19. Autonomic Functioning
Parasympathetic – housekeeping activites
Conserves energy
Maintains daily necessary body functions
Remember as the “D” division - digestion, defecation, and diuresis (urination)
Slide 7.74b
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