1. The age of imperialism 1850-1914
Chapter 11

2. EQ:
What were the effects of the scramble for Africa?

3. European Motives Economic Political Religious
Need their resources: raw materials (rubber, wood, ivory, palm oil)
market for them
Political
Nationalism/rivals
Desire to spread culture
Religious
Believe duty is to spread Christianity
Missionaries want to “civilize”

4. Scramble for Africa Land grab begins 1880 lasts until 1910
belief in European superiority
Racism/Social Darwinism
Europeans aided by: medical knowledge (ex: quinine) and the Maxim gun
Creates crisis among European nations-call the Berlin Conference 1884

5. Scramble Activity

6. Group Work
Read “The Berlin Conference”
Answer the analyzing questions

7. Resistance Many Africans resist European rule-
Zulus nation fell by 1887 to the British
Congo:20 yrs of fighting the population fell from 20 million to 8 million
Algeria fought the French for 50 years
Ethiopia- only country where resistance succeeded
Emperor Menelik II (1889) acquired European technology; hired Europeans to train army
1896 Battle of Adowa- defeated Italians

8. Legacy of Colonial Rule
Negative
Positives?
Diseases
Famines
Deaths in resistance
Loss of independence
Breakdown of cultures
Men leave to work
Some want to adopt European cultures
Formation of colonies
Kinship groups split
Ethnic groups put together that had rivalries
Hospitals and schools built- increase life spans and literacy
RRs, telegraphs, dams
Mostly benefited European rulers

9. EQ:
How did European expansion affect Muslim lands?

10. Ottoman Empire
1300s conquered numerous empires from central Europe across the Middle East and Northern Africa
Ruled 500 years
Decline 1800s; shrinks but survives until the 1900s

11. GEOPOLITICS
INTEREST IN OR TAKING OF LAND FOR ITS STRATEGIC LOCATION (OR PRODUCTS)
Example: desire of Europeans to control the Middle East
Attractive for landlocked areas
Oil discovered around 1900s in Persia and Arabian Peninsula after WWI

12. Crimean War
Russia wanted a warm water port; Britain and France ally with the Ottomans- defeated Russia
1st war where…
Women est themselves as army nurses
Florence Nightingale
Covered by newspaper correspondents
War revealed Ottomans were militarily weak
Lost lands to nationalist mvmts

13. The Great Game
Geopolitical struggle btw Britain and Russia for control of central Asia
Russia wanted access to B. controlled India
Both wanted control of Afghanistan - keeps both out until 1979 invasion by the Soviet Union

14. Persia R and B wanted control
1813 and 1828: lands given to R. after military losses
1857- B. forced them to give up claims to Afghanistan
Persia desired to dvlp resources but no $; gave concessions to western businesses (right to operate in an area or dvlp a product)
1890 Nasir al-Din gave concession to B. company to export tobacco
This outraged Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and others who supported modernization- boycotted tobacco- ruler had to cancel concession
1906- new constitution but R and B took over and created spheres of influence

15. Egypt Desired by both F and B Muhammad Ali ruled in early 1800s
Reformed agriculture by moving to cash crops
Reforms continued by grandson, Isma’il- supported building of Suez Canal (1st w/ F $ and then B $)- opened 1869
Borrowed $450 million to update irrigation and communications and couldn’t pay back
1882- occupied by B.

16. Activity
Cause and effect

17. EQ:
What were the social, political and economic effects of British Imperialism in India?

18. East India Company
EIC est. trade in India 1600, make deals with Indian nations
Overtime native nations become weak and EIC used force to take over: set up British laws and court systems
1757- Robert Clive defeated Indian/French forces at Battle of Plassey
Set up policy of mercantilism
                                        

20. Grievances and their Results
Sepoy Rebellion
British Colony
-outlaw of sati
-high taxes on farmers
-resent Christian missionaries
-dislike foreigners telling them what to do
-foreigners threat way of life
-1857
-sepoys think animal fat in cartridges
-required to fight overseas/problem with caste
-put down by British
-1858 government takes over (Raj)
-ruled directly
-reform laws, control courts
-switch to British soldiers
-create new class of British educated Indians

21. Effects of British Rule
Infrastructure
*helps Britain increase trade and control the colony
New Economic Patterns
Social Changes
-improve roads
-modernize ports
-built RR's and telegraph systems
-improve communications: brings Indians together
-see India as market for goods
-discourage Indian businesses
-laws limit Indian goods going to England
-Indians have to raise cash crops: teas, pepper, coffee, cotton
*Results in famines, food shortage
-improve healthcare and sanitation (increases pop.)
-young people move to cities for work
-British educated middle class learn about liberty, freedom which leads to a growth in Indian nationalism

22. Indian Nationalism Strong in middle and upper classes/castes
Disagree about what to do
Some want to adopt western ways
Ram Mohun Roy (also wanted to end child marriages and rigid caste system) founded Social Reform Mvmt
Some favor return to Hindu traditions
Various groups formed, 2 most prominent
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
Muslim League 1906

23. Chart EQ
What were the social, political and economic effects of British Imperialism in India?

24. EQ:
How did the demand for Asian products affect Southeast Asian lands?

25. Why Europe/U.S. was interested…
Spices
Potential for growing cash crops
Coffee, tea, sugar
Raw materials for factories

26. Scramble for Colonies Everyone wants a piece of the pie British French
Dutch
German
Portuguese
1898: United
States

27. Thailand remains separate…
King Mongkut made treaties with several European nations to keep from being ruled by one
King hired European experts to help Thailand become more modern
Thailand served as buffer state

28. Group Work
In your groups read Chapter 10, Section 5 and complete your section of the jigsaw activity
Once your space is filled in transfer your information to the chart paper for a print talk
Note the country/countries controlled and the influence the European/U.S. nation had on your area

29. Imperialism SEA Netherlands (Dutch)- Indonesia, Malacca
oil, tin, created rubber plantations
Class system: Dutch, Indonesian wealthy, workers
Farmers forced to plant 1/5 of fields in cash crops
Great Britain- Singapore, Malaysia, Burma
Tin, rubber plantations
Imported Chinese workers, created Malay minorities- tensions still today
France- Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)
1840s 7 missionaries killed- used as a French excuse to invade
Rice product increased but more exported=food shortages

30. United States- Philippines
Received after the Spanish-American War 1898 along w/ Guam and Puerto Rico
Emilio Aguinaldo, leader of Filipino nationalists, expected and declared independence (the U.S. did not plan on giving it)
Filipino-American War
4234 Americans die; 600,000 Filipinos
Built RRs, hospitals, schools, roads
Cash crops grown at expense of food-led to food shortages
Independence doesn’t come until 1946

31. United States- Hawaii
1820s American sugar plantations est, counts as 75% of Hawaii’s wealth
1890 McKinley Tariff Act- eliminated tariffs on sugar entering the U.S.; Hawaiian sugar no longer cheaper than the rest-businessmen wanted Hawaii annexed b/c sugar from lands in the U.S. received 2 cents more a lb
Queen Lili’uokalani wanted to restore Hawaiian political power (1893 constitution)
Overthrown, lands annexed 1898
Sanford B Dole became first governor and then president of the Republic of Hawaii

32. Academic Writing
What did President McKinley’s desire to “uplift and Christianize” the Filipinos suggest about his perception of the people?