1. INTRODUCTION

2. This report has pointed out that the structure of an organization and the culture of that organization is correspondent to each other and its impact on performance. This report is also comprised of numerous organizational theories underpinning the management of various different organizations.

3. DIFERENTIATE ORGANIZATIONAL SRTUCTURE AND CULTURE
Organizational structures can take many shapes depending on the purpose, size, performance, external environment, products, services etc.

4. Tall structure and power culture
Under tall structure, the culture is unbothered and the casual commutation is applied .The decisions are made by the top level whereas under power culture only the head of the business makes the decision and their subsidiaries follows the decision without poking into the decision (Mind Tools, 2014).

5. Flat structure and Role culture
Flat organizational structure having few or may be one layer of management which wideness the extent of control whereas the under the role culture in an organization especially in large organizations, the employees are required to stick to their job description.

6. Centralized and Decentralized structure and Person Culture
In centralizing the decision making is in few hands. In decentralization the authorities are delegated to all the levels of the management. In a person culture the individuals are free to express and make their own decisions. And such culture exists in organizations that are loose and easy (Business Case Studies, 2014).

7. Organizational structure of Asda
Asda has hierarchical structure having a chain of control and command-execution line. The employees in Asda work together sticking on the same boat regardless of their seniority (Asda, 2014).

8. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AN ORGANIZATIONS STRUCTURE AND CULTURE AND ITS IMPACT ON PERFORMANCE

9. Strong culture leading to high performance
Strong culture of an organization generally leads to high performance while a weak culture lowers the performance (Boston, 2000). In Asda there is a strong culture.

10. Changes in the workforce diversity
It is very essential for an organization to adapt the changes in the workforce diversity (Thomas, 2009). Asda shall adapt the changes for maximum flexibility leading to a good performance

11. Efficiency
The efficiency of an organization mostly depends on the culture of the organization. Asda has cleaved to such an organization that has contributed to the efficiency of its organization.

12. The impact of organizational structure and culture of Asda on its performance-

13. Behaviour of the people
Managers of Asda understands how behaviour of the people affects the performance its importance as it will help them to understand as to how the behaviour and motivations are influenced by attitudes, perceptions and personalities (Harvey, et al., 1998).

14. Good customer service
Asda has formed the base of its organization in such a manner that their customers are attended for its any type of issues in friendly manner (Harvey, et al., 1998).

15. Empowerment of an employee
Asda empowers their lower line managers which eventually giver better performance satisfying the customers due to which they are retained (Harvey, et al., 1998).

16. FACTORS INFLUENCING BEHAVIOUR OF AN INDIVIDUAL AT WORK FOCUSING, PERSONALITY, TRAITS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN UNDERSTANDING SELF & OTHERS

17. Mental attitude
An employee with positive attitude brings a positive change in the organization and keeps their colleagues to believe positively which turns to make the workplace with finesse.

18. Family background
A person brought up love, affection and much parental care offers the same to their subordinates. And the people who are not brought up in a protected family lack sound in decision making.

19. Focus
It is essential that employees shall focus on only good things. Stress is empowered when employee focuses on things that are unimportant.

20. Health
The employees should give importance to their physical fitness so that without affecting their mind and body they can give number of hours to their work. A professional who is physically weak will never deliver goodS.

21. Factors that influence behaviour of an individual at work focusing at Asda-
The employee of Asda provides a good working environment. The airline of Asda gives a comfortable place to work with.
When the employees feel that their job is secured and that they won’t be unemployed then the employee can work efficiently.
Much of the employees in Asda are designated to the technical line they are expertise in technical and it is important to respect them so that their performance is not disrupted (Harvey, et al., 1998).

22. COMPARE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT LEADERSHIPS STYLE IN DIFFERENT ORGANIZATIONS

23. Meaning of Leadership
The capacity of a person to transform the idea into reality is a perfect definition of leadership. Leadership is nothing but an approach which the person observes to lead his sub-ordinates.

24. Styles of leadership
Authoritarian- Authoritarian leadership style or autocratic leaders keep strict control over its followers. They create a distinct professional relationship. For example a teacher is giving orders to its students or traffic police giving traffic directions are authoritarian leadership (Salin & Helge, 2010).
Paternalistic- Paternalistic leaders are those who act as a father figure who takes care of its sub-ordinates as parents care for their children. A paternalistic leader is very much concerned of its followers and thereby receives trust and loyalties of its followers (Ayse & Gul, 2008).
Democratic- The democratic leadership style encompasses discussion, debate and share ideas with its followers and encourages them to make them feel good about their involvement (Foster, 2002).
Laissez-faire- Laissez-faire is that type of leadership wherein the workers are given all the rights and powers to make the decision (money-zine.com, 2014).
Bureaucratic leadership- Bureaucratic leadership are that leader who are adhered with strict rules and regulations of the organization and compels its followers to follow these procedures, and rules of the organization as their promotion depends on their ability of adhering with the company rules (Management study guide, 2013).

25. Effectiveness of leadership in various organizations
The CEO of the British Airways named Keith Williams has changed the traditional leadership style of British Airways into a supportive one which is Laissez-faire style whereby the employees are involved in the decision making, they are given proper care, monitoring and training is also provided to them that satisfies these employees.

26. Continued….
At Asda, the leader’s democratic leadership style. The CEO of Asda named Andy Clarke has focused on the following things that may have the impact on the organization-
Unambiguity, just and fair is that leadership quality which drives an organization to the success. Hence, the employees are promoted and recognized on their merit basis.
It is a pride to work with Asda in the position of a leader and manager.
The compassionate and concerned managers are well accommodated and appreciated in Asda.
The key characteristics of leaderships Asda is that it they respect all its employees places at all levels.
The leader at Asda allows its employees to interfere in the decision making.

27. HOW ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY UNDERPINES THE PRACTICE OF MANAGEMENT

28. Continued…
An organizational theory influences the overall practice of the organization and is more of a formal organization.
The managers can understand their role and responsibility in the organization and can effectively and satisfactorily respond to the changes for the success of the organization (John, et al., 2007).
FedEx has applied the Scientific Management and the Classic administration approach.
Fedex has installed the portfolio serve by which the employees are well-trained and thereby perform well with improvement in their performances. FedEx has five distinct departments that deal with different task in the different field of its organization.

29. Continued… Asda has adapted the administrative theory.
Since Asda has adhered to the administrative theory it directs its mangers as well as the employees to achieve their set goals and objectives of the business.

30. EVALUATE THE VARIOUS APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT USED BY DIFFERENT ORGANIZATIONS

31. Scientific management approach
Scientific management is a theory of management that analyzes the flow of work so as to improve the economic efficiency.
The Virgin Media though do not consider this as a key driver of engagement but do recognises rewards to be one of the motivating factors. Virgin Media offers bonus and rewards scheme to its employees (Business Case Studies, 2014).

32. Classical administration approach
The classical approach has provided some common principles that are applicable to all types of organization and are required to take into account the situational variables of each individual in the organization and also take into account the factors such as psychological and social that relates to each member of the organization (catalogue.pearsoned, n.d).

33. Bureaucratic approach
Bureaucratic approach is accepted in many organizations. Weber has outlined the Many terms of employment in the bureaucratic organization

34. Human relations approach
Human relation which came into being with the popular experiment at the Hawthorne plant which had the following 4 main phases-
The illumination experiments
The relay assembly test room
The interviewing programme
The bank wiring observation room (Landsberger, 1958).

35. Systems approach
Under this approach the total work organization and the inter-relation of the structure and behaviours is focused which gives a gist that any activity of the organization does affect the all other parts of the organization (catalogue.pearsoned, n.d).

36. Contingency approach
The structure and success of the organization are contingent upon the nature of work and the nature of the environment influencing the organization. Hence, the contingency of the situation in each organization decides the management system (catalogue.pearsoned, n.d).

37. CONCLUSION

38. It is significant for an organization to understand the behaviour of its organization as well as the employees as they are the key to success of their organizations. The organizational theory also demonstrates the behaviour of the employee and provides solution so as to deal with the changes in the organization. The relationship between organizational culture and performance has been viewed by Boston and presented in this report.

39. REFERENCES

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