1. Grains(Cereals) for food and feed
The most important plants in the world
(Section 3 Unit 4.4
Adapted by wsl )

2. Caldwell’s purpose
To impress upon you the importance of cereals and oilseeds on the world scale
To help you understand what the significance of these crops is to you locally and in a long-term, broad sense

3. Learning Objectives Describe the role of cereals in:
Livestock-based rotations
Cash-crop systems
Name the principal cereal crops in the WORLD and describe their uses.
Explain the importance of rice in world agriculture.
Define the following terms:
Paddy rice
Converted rice
Indica rice
Japonica rice
IRRI
Compare and contrast the history, culture and production of rice in Asia and the USA.

5. We are dependent on a small number of plants (and animals).
350,000 species of flowering plants
3000 economically important plants
12 plants and 3 types of livestock produce most of our food!!

6. Crops may be classified by the type of harvested organ
Cereals
Seed legumes
Roots and tubers
Vegetables
Fruits

7. Cereal Crops are the Most Important Group of Organisms you will ever Study
Eight plants (all cereals) provide 56% of all food energy and 50% of all protein consumed by people

8. Fig 1.1 World production of principal food crops; Ranked by tonnage
Lo2-Name the principal cereal crops in the WORLD and describe their uses.
Or you can find it at pages 128 table of manual
Fig 1.1 World production of principal food crops; Ranked by tonnage

9. Why are seeds so great? Low water content Dormancy Concentrated food
Stored and transported easily
Lo2-Name the principal cereal crops in the WORLD and describe their uses.

10. Crop value = yield x quality But what is quality?
Breeding
Large organs for harvest
Ease of harvest (no “shatter”)
Less toxicity
Higher amount of valuable substance
For cereals this is energy and protein

11. THE ROLE OF CEREALS IN A ROTATION
Cereals in the Maritimes are primarily “rotation” crops

12. Major Cereals in Use in the Maritime Provinces
Spring wheat
Spring oats
Spring barley
Winter wheat

17. Soil integrity – health and organic matter
What do you want from a rotation? Economic and Environmental Sustainability
Profit
Soil integrity – health and organic matter
Quality products in all parts of the rotation
Efficient use of inputs – esp. nutrients
Co-ordination and good spread of workload
Flexibility
Lo1-1-Describe the role of cereals in:
Livestock-based rotations

18. Soil integrity – health and organic matter
Cereals are grown mostly in rotation with higher value crops to:
Break disease and weed cycles
Improve soil health and reduce erosion
Give some direct economic return in the growing year
Act as a “nurse” for forages

20. Quality products in all parts of the rotation
Effect of cereals on potatoes
Effect of cereals on carrots
Effect of cereals on strawberries and other horticultural crops
Value-added as animal products
Feed value and import replacement
Energy and protein
Other value-added?? Other cereals??

23. Profit There are very few cash crop cereal farmers in the Maritimes
Lo1-2-Describe the role of cereals in:
Cash-crop systems
Profit
There are very few cash crop cereal farmers in the Maritimes
Cereals produce profits in three ways:
Direct sales
Indirect sales through animal product or other value-added
Enhancement of value of other crops in the rotation (yield or quality)

24. Direct sales Wheat Barley Oats Straw Seed, milling or feed
Seed, malt or feed
Oats
Seed, milling, high value feed or lower value feed
Straw
Late potato land
Strawberries
Mushrooms

25. Remember for Direct Sales
Aim for the highest value market but have an alternate option
Know the market
Quality is the key to direct sales returns
Timeliness is the key to quality

27. What about the rest of the world?

31. RICE
Watch the film carefully to find the answers to the learning objectives that apply to rice.
The film is made by Canadians so it has a North American approach to the crop and the food.

32. 外稃 内稃 胚芽 颖 胚乳 花梗

35. Field trials for agro-morphological diversity
DIVERSITY OF RICE
Tall & late
Dwarf & early
Understanding of socio-cultural values and richness of rice landraces on-farm
Field trials for agro-morphological diversity
SSR for molecular diversity

37. The answer s of the rest of los
Will be found at the next class’s vedio show
Please review the manual page