1. Intro to MIS – MGS351 Databases and Data Warehouses
Chapter 3

2. Chapter Overview Data Hierarchy Traditional File Environment Databases
Relational, Hierarchical, Network
Design and Normalization
Data Warehousing

3. Data Hierarchy Database Table, File, Relation Records, Rows, Tuples
Fields, Columns, Attributes
Bytes
Bits

4. Data Hierarchy

5. Traditional File Environment
Issues:
Data Redundancy
Data Inconsistency
Data Isolation
Data Integrity
Security
Application / Data Dependence

6. Traditional File Processing

7. Database Approach Minimal data redundancy Data consistency
Integration of data
Sharing of data
Uniform security, privacy and integrity
Data independence

8. Database Environment

9. DBMS Components
Data definition language (DDL): Specifies content and structure of database and defines each data element (data type, length, properties)
Data manipulation language (DML):
Manipulates data records in a database
Data dictionary: Stores definitions of data elements, and data characteristics

10. Evolution of Databases

11. Relational Database
Represents data as two-dimensional tables called relations
Relates data across tables based on common data element
Examples: DB2, Oracle, MS SQL Server, MySQL

12. Relational Database

13. Hierarchical Database
Organizes data in a tree-like structure
Supports one-to-many parent-child relationships
Prevalent in large legacy systems

14. Hierarchical Database

15. Network Database Depicts data logically as many-to-many relationships
Less flexible compared to RDBMS
Lack support for ad-hoc and English language-like queries

16. Network Database

17. Database Design
Conceptual / Logical Design – Abstract model of database from business perspective.
Physical Design – determines how the database is arranged and optimized on storage devices.

18. ER Diagram

19. Business Intelligence
Knowledge about your:
Customers
Competitors
Partners
Competitive environment
Internal operations

20. Business Intelligence

21. Business Intelligence
Online transaction processing (OLTP) - the gathering of input information, processing that information, and updating existing information to reflect the gathered and processed information.
Operational databases - databases that support OLTP.
Online analytical processing (OLAP) - the manipulation of information to support decision making.

22. Data Warehousing
Data warehouse - a logical collection of information gathered from many different operational databases (Extract, Transform, Load) used to create business intelligence that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks.

23. Data Warehouse

24. Multidimensional Data Model

25. Data Marts
Data Mart - a subset of a data warehouse in which only a focused portion of the data warehouse information is kept.

26. Data Mining Tools
Data Mining - Used to find hidden patterns and previously unknown trends in data.

27. Databases and the Web