1. Infection Control Test 2
Sterile Techniques, PPE & Transmission Based Precautions

2. 15:8 Using Sterile Techniques
Many procedures require use of sterile techniques to protect patients from infection
Surgical asepsis keeps an object or area free from living organisms

3. 15:8 Using Sterile Techniques (continued)
Free from all organisms
Contaminated
Organisms and pathogens are present

4. 15:8 Using Sterile Techniques (continued)
Important to differentiate between sterile and contaminated areas or items while using sterile technique
Correct techniques must be strictly followed to maintain sterility and prevent contamination

5. 15:8 Using Sterile Techniques (continued)
Sterile field
Area used for placement of sterile supplies
All sterile items need to be checked before use
Observe agency guidelines for date
Necessary to keep sterile field dry

6. 15:8 Using Sterile Techniques (continued)
Drop technique
For gauze, pads, dressings, small items
Mitten technique
For bowls, drapes, linens
Transfer forceps
For cotton balls, small items

7. The Basic Rules Include
Handwashing before and after patient contact
Gloves
For possible contact with blood, bodily fluids, secretions, excretions, mucous membranes, tissue specimens, or nonintact skin
Handling/cleaning contaminated items/surfaces

8. The Basic Rules Include
Gloves (continued)
When performing invasive procedures
When performing venipuncture or blood tests
Hands must be washed immediately after removal of gloves
Gloves must not be reused

9. The Basic Rules Include
Gowns
For procedures that cause splashing or spraying
Help prevent contamination of clothing or uniform
Contaminated gowns must be handled per policy
Hands must be washed immediately after gown removal

10. The Basic Rules Include
Masks and eye protection
For procedures that cause splashing or spraying
Prevent exposure of mucous membranes of mouth, nose, and eyes to pathogens
Use masks once and discard; change every 30 minutes if needed

11. The Basic Rules Include
Masks and eye protection (continued)
Protective eyewear and face shields protect front, top, bottom, and sides of eyes
If not disposable, must be cleaned and disinfected before reuse

12. The Basic Rules Include
Sharps
Use extreme caution to avoid cuts and punctures
When possible, use safe needles or needleless devices
Use sharps containers
Follow laws regarding disposal of sharp objects
The sharps container must not be emptied or reused.

13. The Basic Rules Include
Spills or splashes
Wipe up with disposable cleaning cloths
Wear gloves when wiping up
Use disinfectant such as 10-percent bleach solution
Clean all contaminated surfaces
Absorbent powder can be used for large spills

14. The Basic Rules Include
Resuscitation devices
Use to avoid need for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
Place in convenient location, have readily accessible

15. The Basic Rules Include
Waste and linen disposal
Wear gloves, follow agency policy
Use biohazard bags appropriately
Injuries
Immediately report cut or injury, needle stick, or splashing of blood or body fluids
Follow agency policy

16. 15:9 Maintaining Transmission-Based Isolation Precautions
Some diseases are communicable
Caused by easily transmitted organisms
Epidemic
Spreads rapidly person to person, affects large numbers
Pandemic
Wide geographic area, high proportion of populace

17. 15:9 Maintaining Transmission-Based Isolation Precautions (continued)
Use in addition to Standard Precautions
Provides extra protection against specific diseases/pathogens
Protects patient, family, health care workers
Type used depends on the causative organism of disease

18. 15:9 Maintaining Transmission-Based Isolation Precautions (continued)
Communicable diseases spread in many ways
Direct contact with a patient
Contact with dirty linen, equipment, supplies
Contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions

19. 15:9 Maintaining Transmission-Based Isolation Precautions (continued)
Contaminated (dirty)
Items that contain disease-producing organisms; must not be touched unless protected
Clean
Items that do not contain disease-producing organisms; prevent contamination of these areas

20. Standard Precautions Use on all patients
Patient must be in private room if they contaminate environment or cannot maintain appropriate hygiene
Follow recommendations for use of PPE

21. Airborne Precautions
Use for patients known/suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei
Rubella, varicella, tuberculosis, shingles
Refer to Figure in Text

22. Droplet Precautions
Use if patient is known/suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large-particle droplets
Neisseria meningitis, multidrug-resistant Streptococcus meningitis, severe viral influenza
Refer to Figure in Text

23. Contact Precautions
Use if patient is known/suspected to be infected with epidemiological microorganisms transmitted by direct or indirect contact
Viral or hemorrhagic conjunctivitis or fevers, diphtheria, scabies
Refer to Figure in Text

24. Protective or Reverse Isolation
Methods used to protect certain patients from organisms present in the environment
Used mainly for immunocompromised patients, whose body defenses cannot protect them from infection and disease
Precautions vary based on patient’s condition