1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

5. 5

6. Ways of Addressing Radiation Risks
General Options
Surface Options
In-space Options 7

7. Ways of Addressing Radiation Risks
General Options:
Accept the risks
Astronaut selection
Medications
e.g. RLIP 76 8

8. Ways of Addressing Radiation Risks
Surface Options:
Cover habitat with regolith
Limit EVAs 10

9. Ways of Addressing Radiation Risks
In-space Options:
Positioning supplies & equipment
Positioning propellant
Water / ice
Smart shielding material
Magnetic fields
Electrostatic shielding 9

10. Surface Options – Covering with Regolith11

11. 14

12. Source: Bigelow Aerospace
Source: Univ. of Maine 12

13. Source: TripAdvisor.com
Source: laughingsquid.com
Source: wallmuralsgallery.com
Source: laughingsquid.com

14. In-space Options – Hollow Sphere Shielding
[Regarding solar electric propulsion to Mars]
We can do fast dashes from place to place but there is a lot of work to do to get there.
Or it [the radiation issue] may be sufficiently serious that even fast dashes won’t deal with it, but fortunately Buzz Aldrin solved that problem too, and you do that by putting cycler habs up and you shield the heck out of them and then you take the cruise line to Mars instead of taking your sprint”. 16

15. 19

16. 19

17. Internal Diameter
Thickness
Launcher
Mission Duration
Risk

18. Internal Diameter

21. Internal Diameter
SkyLab
6.7 meters

22. Launcher

23. 6

24. (1.5% of NASA’s annual budget)26

25. 2 Falcon Heavies
80.9 metric tonnes
Launcher

26. Thickness

27. Thickness
Thickness = 50 cm

28. Thickness
51.6 cm

29. Mission Duration
Inspiration Mars
589 Days

30. Risk

31. Blood Forming Organ (BFO) dose equivalent, rem/yr
Aluminum
Water
Hydrogen
51.6
Shield thickness, g/cm
Figure 6. Shielding effectiveness of GCR at solar minimum 23

33. 6

34. 220 mSv / mission
38% of career limit
Risk

35. 20

36. 21 1% Mars atmosphere 5% Suggested shielding protection 24%
30,000 ft (Commercial airplanes)
50%
18,000 ft
54%
16,728 ft (La Rinconada - Highest town in the world)
83%
5280 ft (Denver) 21
100%
0 ft

37. 1,063 cm
51.6 cm 22

38. Blood Forming Organ (BFO) dose equivalent, rem/yr
Aluminum
Water
Hydrogen
51.6
Shield thickness, g/cm
Figure 6. Shielding effectiveness of GCR at solar minimum 23

39. Blood Forming Organ (BFO) dose equivalent, rem/yr
Aluminum
Water
Hydrogen
6.7
Shield thickness, g/cm
Figure 6. Shielding effectiveness of GCR at solar minimum 24

40. Ways of Addressing Radiation Risks
51.6 cm
6.7 m
80 mT 25

41. 27

43. Sphere within sphere
Solar panels
Water Xe
Air
Inflatable hab

48. Air
Air

65. Hollow ice sphere

85. 98

86. 2 years later while passing Earth99

150. Mild artificial gravity
Launch once
Use many times
Spacious
Radiation protection
Mild artificial gravity
163

151. 164

152. 165

153. 166

154. 167

155. 168

156. 169

157. 170

158. 171

159. 172

160. 173

161. 174

162. 175

163. 176

164. 177

166. 15