1. Do Now
Finish the “Heart Disease” article and questions.

2. Cardiovascular System Ch.13

3. Objectives
Identify the organs of the cardiovascular system and its overall function.
Label the different parts of the heart.

4. The Cardiovascular System
Pumps 7,000 liters of a blood a DAY!!!
Contracts about 2.5 billion times in a lifetime
Functions to carry oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body and carry carbon dioxide and other waste away from the cells of the body.

5. Structures of the System
Heart
pumps blood to the lungs and throughout the body
2. Arteries, arterioles
Carry blood AWAY from the heart to cells
3. Capillaries
Tiniest tubes; place where nutrient and gas waste exchanges
4. Veins, venules
Carry blood TO the heart from cells

6. Arteries vs. Veins Arteries Veins Strong, elastic, thick
Carry blood AWAY from the heart under high pressure
Veins
Thinner, not as elastic
Contain 1-way valves

7. Pulmonary vs. Systemic Circuits
Carries Oxygen depleted blood (deoxygenated) to the lungs to pick up O2 and unload CO2.
Systemic
Sends oxygen-rich (oxygenated) blood from heart to all body cells.

8. The Heart Located in the thoracic cavity within mediastinum
Rests on top of the diaphragm
Distal end extends to the left
Encased in a “parietal pericardium”

9. Wall of the Heart 1. Outer Epicardium (visceral pericardium)
Serous membrane, consists of connective tissue
Protects the heart by reducing friction
2. Middle Myocardium
Thick, mostly cardiac tissue involved in pumping blood out of the heart
3. Inner Endocardium
Made of epithelial and connective tissue
Lines the inner chambers of the heart

10. Heart Chambers Atria Ventricles Septum Upper chambers
Receive blood returning to the heart
Ventricles
Lower chambers
Receive blood from atria and force blood into arteries
Septum
Separates left and right so blood doesn’t mix
Septum
*Remember anatomical position!!

11. Objectives
Explain the flow of blood through the heart, lungs, and body.
To label a diagram of the heart.
Compare and contrast angina vs. a heart attack.

12. Heart Valves
Atrioventricular Valves: separate atria from ventricles and prevent back-flow of blood:
Tricuspid:
Right side
Bicuspid/Mitral:
Left side
Leaky valve

13. Heart Valves (cont.) Semilunar Valves: Pulmonary: Aortic:
Found between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Aortic:
Found between the left ventricle and the aortic arch

14. Heart Valve Abnormalities
Heart “murmur”
Regurgitation: valve doesn’t close properly, blood regurgitates back into atrium
Mitral valve prolapse: valve contracts and stretches, bulging into the left atrium
2. Stenosis: not enough blood passes through
Different heart sounds!

15. Heart Diagram Labeling!

16. Pathway of Blood
Great Pathway of Blood Video!

17. Blood Flow
Please fill out the pathway of blood through the heart on your worksheets!

18. Blood Supply to the Heart
Coronary arteries:
first two branches of the aorta
supply blood to the tissues of the heart
Cardiac veins:
bring deoxygenated blood from heart tissue to coronary sinus (empties into right atrium)

19. Angina Pectoris
A “thrombus” or “embolus” partially blocks or narrows a coronary artery and deprives myocardial cells of oxygen, causing pain.
*many people mistake this for a heart attack
A complete blockage by a blood clot is a myocardial infarction (aka heart attack)

21. Do Now
What part of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body and what “tube” does it go through?
Name 2 differences between arteries and veins.
What is another name for the visceral pericardium?

22. Objectives
To explain the flow of blood through both pulmonary and systemic circuits.
To understand the cardiac cycle.
To explain what causes your “heart beat”.

23. Do Now What do you think causes your heart beat?
Write the flow of blood ONLY through the heart.

24. Objectives To explain what occurs in a normal cardiac cycle.
To define systole and diastole.
To measure ones pulse to determine their heart rate.
To determine what causes heart sounds.

25. Cardiac Cycle Systole= contraction Diastole = relaxing
* During atrial systole, ventricles are in ventricular diastole
* During ventricular systole, atria are in atrial diastole
Both relax briefly after ventricular systole
Cycle Animation

26. Steps of the Cycle
Pressure is low during ventricular diastole, opening the A-V valves (tricuspid/bicuspid)
Ventricles fill with blood, atrial systole occurs
A-V valves close when ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure
Papillary muscles pull on chordae tendinae to prevent valves from bulging back into atria (which would cause a murmur)
During ventricular systole, atrial pressure is low and they begin to fill up again

27. Steps of the Cycle
5) Ventricular pressure rises, opening the semilunar valves, forcing blood into the pulmonary trunk and aortic arch (ventricular systole)
6) Pressure drops in ventricles after contraction, and the semilunar valves close.
Echocardiogram

28. Heart Sounds The heart makes a “Lubb-Dupp” sound
The “Lubb” is the closing of the A-V valve during ventricular contraction.
The “Dupp” is the closing of the semilunar valve when the ventricles are relaxing.

29. Pulse of Life Lab
You will be measuring your pulse and seeing how your heart rate is affected by different activities!
You will turn in the series of questions upon completing the lab as well as construct a graph.

30. Do Now Explain the steps of the cardiac cycle.
How do you think these steps are coordinated?

31. Objectives To explain the cardiac conduction system
To identify the components of an EKG
To identify different heart arrhythmias

32. Cardiac Muscle Fibers
Cardiac muscle fibers form a network called a functional synctium which contracts as a unit.

33. Cardiac Conduction System
- Coordinates the events of the cardiac cycle

34. Cardiac Conduction System
The Synoatrial Node (SA Node)- “Pacemaker”
Specialized cardiac muscle tissue
Can reach threshold on its own
Generates impulses times per minute
Atrial synctium- causes atrial contraction
A-V Node
A-V Bundle (Bundle of His)
Purkinje Fibers- causes ventricular contraction

35. Cardiac Conduction
Conduction

36. Electrocardiogram
Recording of the electrical changes that occur in the myocardium (cardiac muscle)

37. Electrocardiogram P-wave: depolarization of atria
QRS: depolarization of ventricle fibers (R=Left, S=right)
T-wave: repolarization of ventricles

38. Researching Arrhythmias
V-fib (Ventricular Fibrillation)
Sinus Bradycardia
Sinus Tachycardia
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Flutter
Asystole

39. Do Now
In your own words, Explain the cardiac conduction system and how it works to control the cardiac cycle.

40. Objectives To identify EKG’s of different heart arrhythmias.
To determine how fast a heart is beating by looking at an EKG.
To explain blood pressure readings and understand how blood pressure can be effected.

41. Reading an EKG Read the article about reading an EKG!
How can you figure out the rate?

42. Blood Pressure (13.5)
Blood pressure= the force blood exerts against the inner walls of blood vessels.
Interesting Fact! The human heart creates enough pressure to squirt blood 30 feet!!

43. Measuring Blood Pressure
Systolic Pressure: max pressure during ventricular systole
Diastolic Pressure: max pressure during ventricular diastole

44. What gives us a “pulse”?
Ventricular contraction causes a “surge” in arteries, distending the elastic arterial walls, pressure drops immediately after contraction
Only felt in arteries close to the surface such as your carotid in your neck.

45. Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
Heart Action
Stroke volume (vol of blood discharged with each contraction) and heart rate
Blood Volume
If you lose a lot of blood, your blood pressure will be lower.
Peripheral Resistance
If the vessels are constricted, pressure increased
Blood Viscosity
More viscous=more pressure