1. Analyzing Present and Future Trends in the Animal Science Industry

2. How much have things changed in the past 50 years?
1955
2015

3. What is the difference from 1965 to 2015?
Increased competition
Increased marketing opportunities
Advanced technology
Globalization
Is it similar in Animal Industries?

4. Student Learning Objectives
1. Identify trends in animal production. 2. Identify trends in animal product consumption. 3. Identify trends in animal welfare and animal rights.

5. Terms Animal liberation Animal rights Animal welfare Factory farm
Soring
Liberation: the act of setting someone free from imprisonment, slavery, or oppression; release.
Animal Rights: Animal rights is the idea that some, or all, non-human animals are entitled to the possession of their own lives and that their most basic interests—such as the need to avoid suffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings.
Animal welfare refers to the state of the animal; the treatment that an animal receives is covered by other terms such as animalcare, animal husbandry, and humane treatment. 1. Protecting ananimal's welfare means providing for its physical and mental needs.
Soring involves the intentional infliction of pain to a horse's legs or hooves in order to force the horse to perform an artificial, exaggerated gait. Caustic chemicals—blistering agents like mustard oil, diesel fuel and kerosene—are applied to the horse's limbs, causing extreme pain and suffering.

6. What are some of the trends in animal production?
Specialized
Increased efficiencies
Less producers
Sustainable?
Environmentalism?

7. The difference of 50 years
2000
Diversity of animals and crops.
Local markets
Specialized
Production
Genetics
Advanced technologies

8. Factory farm-
Large-scale operation that efficiently produces animals in carefully controlled environments.

9. Disease prevention vs. Disease Treatment
Livestock producers currently lose about 20 percent of their income from disease, parasites, and toxins.
About 10 percent of livestock producers use effective disease prevention management practices.
Career opportunity?

10. What are some of the trends in animal product consumption?
Quick fixing ideas
Healthy foods
Organic or Natural

11. Restaurant vs. Home cooked meal
As an experiment, Rob Cockerham spent all of February “eating in”, consuming only food from grocery stores. He calculated that he spent $8.65 on food and drink. He spent 48 minutes per day preparing food.
During March 2004, Cockerham ate all of his meals in restaurants. He spent an average of $20.08 per day. (He also left just over $1 per day in tips.) But it didn’t just cost more money to eat out:
“The big surprise, for me, was how long it took to eat out. It was easy, when I was eating in, to whip up many meals in less than 8 minutes, but it was almost impossible to get my food that fast when eating out.”

12. Health of the foods
Cholesterol concerns = decrease of red meat and egg consumption.
Fish, Chicken increase.
Saturated fatty acids and cholesterol contents remain a concern.

13. Consumers are demanding leaner meat and less fat in meat and dairy products.
The long-term trend of an increase in poultry consumption has resulted in a decrease primarily in beef consumption.

14. It is anticipated that pork consumption will tend to remain fairly constant.

15. What are some of the trends in animal welfare and animal rights?
The domestication and use of animals for the benefit of humans began many thousands of years ago.
Questions about the ethics of animal use date back at least to the time of the ancient Greeks.

16. Livestock producers and others interested in the production and use of animals need to understand that societal concern about the welfare of animals is not going to go away.

17. Decisions about the treatment and use of animals will increasingly be made by society as a whole rather than by individuals.
Emotional appeal overrides scientific facts.
Those involved in animal industries need to be pro-active in animal welfare.

18. Animals that are well managed are more efficient producers of meat, milk, eggs, wool, and other products.
Livestock producers and animal scientists need to do a good job of letting people know that they care about the welfare of the animals they raise.

19. Concern for the welfare of the animal should always be a priority when dealing with animals.
There is a significant difference between those people who are concerned about animal welfare and those who believe in animal rights.
There are many different groups within these two views, each with their own agendas.

20. Animal welfare emphasizes the humane treatment of animals, both in research and production agriculture.
Animal welfare supporters believe that animals can be used to benefit humans such as for food and medical research.
They also believe that there are nonessential uses of animals such as for entertainment.

21. These groups support and promote the humane treatment of animals.
Their purpose is to promote responsible animal use and to educate the public about the vital distinction between animal welfare and animal rights.

22. Animal rights supporters believe that animals have the same rights as humans in society.
Some advocate the total elimination of all animal use by humans.
This is called animal liberation.

23. Others recognize that animal use is not going to be eliminated and therefore work to eliminate animal suffering to the greatest extent possible.
Those who take a more moderate approach try to achieve their goals by influencing legislation and through public education campaigns.

24. Some militant animal rights activists have been willing to break laws by stealing research animals and damaging property to draw attention to their cause.
Major targets have included biomedical research facilities, food production and food retail facilities, and retail fur facilities.

25. In recent years, animal rights activists have begun distributing their message to school children by providing free materials to schools under the label of educational materials.
They also maintain sites on the Internet.

26. Some of the animal production practices and animal uses that animal rights activists object to are:
Use of hormones, antibiotics, and additives in animal feeding.
Caging laying hens.
Production of veal calves in crates.
Raising swine in confinements and using farrowing crates for sows.

27. Management practices such as castration, docking, debeaking, and dehorning.
Having animals as household pets.
Using animals in medical and scientific research.
Consuming animal products for food.
Using animal skin.

28. Making animals the target of hunting and trapping.
Featuring animals in entertainment activities such as horse and dog racing.

29. The United States Congress has addressed the concern of animal welfare several times through legislation.
The first federal law dealing with the humane treatment of animals was passed in 1873.

30. This legislation mandated that feed and water be provided for farm animals being transported by barge or railroad.
Other federal legislation includes:

31. Animal Rights Legislation
Federal Humane Slaughter Act of 1958—requires federally inspected slaughter plants to comply with humane methods of slaughter.
Animal Welfare Act of 1966— addresses the sale, transportation, and handling of dogs and cats used in research institutions.

32. Animal Welfare Act amendments of 1970—expand coverage of the animals in zoos and circuses, marine mammals in sea life shows and exhibits, and animals sold in the wholesale pet trade. Retail pet shops, game ranches, livestock shows, rodeos, state and county fairs, and dog and cat shows are not covered by this Act.

33. Animal Welfare Act amendment of 1976—extends the 1970 Act to include care and treatment while animals are being transported by common carriers and outlaws fighting exhibits unless specifically permitted by state law.

34. Horse Protection Act of 1970— prohibits the soring of horses; prohibits the transport of sored horses across state lines to compete in shows. Soring is the practice of using chemical or mechanical irritants on the forelegs of the horse. A sored horse lifts its front legs more quickly to relieve the pain.

35. Animal Welfare Act amendment of 1985—provides for the establishment of special committees at all research facilities to oversee animal use; also requires exercise for dogs and provides for the psychological well- being of nonhuman primates at such facilities.

36. Animal Enterprise Protection Act of 1992—adds a section to the federal criminal code to deal with vandalism and theft at animal research facilities and threats to research workers.

37. Animal Welfare Act amendment of 1993—passed to help prevent the use of lost or stolen pets in research. It establishes requirements for more documentation from dealers selling animals to research facilities; it specifies that dogs and cats must be held by pounds and animal shelters for a least five days, including a Saturday, before releasing them to dealers.

38. Review/Summary What are some of the trends in animal production?
What are some of the trends in animal product consumption?
What are some of the trends in animal welfare and animal rights?