1. Longitude & latitude Time.

2. SHAPE Shape – The Earth is not a perfect sphere.
The Earth is an oblate spheroid.
This means it is slightly flattened at the poles and slightly bulging at the equator. 
Polar circumference is slightly smaller than the Equatorial circumference.
The Earth DOES NOT look like an egg!

3. EVIDENCE Evidence – (Based on assumptions) - INFERENCE
Weight due to Gravity
Gravity acts as a stronger force when objects are closer to the center of the Earth.
The weight of an object is slightly more at the Poles.
Explanation – Objects must be closer to the center of the Earth at the Poles
Ships “disappear” at the horizon…the last things to see are the tops of the sails.

4. Polaris
The North Star (Polaris) never changes its place in the sky. When you face it, you are always facing North.
To find the North Star, first find the Big Dipper. Draw a straight line through the two pointer stars that make up the end of the dipper's bowl and continue this line away from the opening of the bowl until it intersects with Polaris.
Latitude is based on your angle to Polaris

5. http://astro. unl. edu/classaction/animations/ancientastro/dipperclock

6. Astrolabe
The astrolabe gives the angle/position of the Sun and stars in the sky.

7. Look at the North Star and point one arm straight at it, and then hold your other arm level with the horizon. The angle between your arms is roughly the degrees of latitude of your location

8. Angle To the North Star Spherical Earth:
The angle to Polaris changes depending on your location on a spherical Earth
BACK

9. Latitude and Longitude
The earth is divided into lots of lines called latitude and longitude.

10. Lines Longitude lines run north and south and measure west to east.
Latitude lines run east and west and measure north to south.
The lines measure distances in degrees.
Longitude
Latitude

11. Where is 0 degree? Equator The equator is 0 degree latitude.
It is an imaginary belt that runs halfway point between the North Pole and the South Pole.
Equator

12. P R I M E D A N
Where is 0 degree?
The prime meridian is 0 degrees longitude. This imaginary line runs through the Greenwich England
, France, Spain, western Africa, and Antarctica.

13. East West, North South on the Earth
Let each of the four quarters then be designated by North or South and East or West. N W E S

14. East West, North South on the Earth
The N tells us we’re north of the Equator. The S tells us we’re south of the Equator.
The E tells us that we’re east of the Prime Meridian. The W tells us that we’re west of the Prime Meridian.
(N, W)
(N, E)
(S, W)
(S, E)

15. East West, North South on the Earth
That means all points in North America will have a North latitude and a West longitude because it is North of the Equator and West of the Prime Meridian.
(N, W)
Prime Meridian

16. This is close to the latitude where you live.
What is Latitude?
For Example:
40°, 02’,51’’N
This is close to the latitude where you live.
90°N Y X
90°S

17. What is Longitude?
The earth is divided into 360 equal slices (meridians)
180 west and 180 east of the prime meridian Y X
180°W
180°E

18. See If You Can Tell In Which Quarter These Lon/Lats Are Located
1. 41°N, 21°E
2. 37°N, 76°W
3. 72°S, 141°W
4. 7°S, 23°W
5. 15°N, 29°E
6. 34°S, 151°E A B D C

19. Let's See How
You Did!
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. B
6. D

22. This is also true of longitude.
What is Latitude?
Each degree of latitude is divided into minutes.
Each minute is divided into 60 seconds.
90°N Y X
90°S
This is also true of longitude.

23. Our latitude and longitude might be:
What is Latitude?
Our latitude and longitude might be:
40°, 03’,13’’N
76°, 29’, 45’’W
90°N Y X
90°S

24. Latitude and Longitude

25. Latitude
45° N
44° N
43° N
42° N
41° N

26. 79° W
78° W
77° W
76° W
75° W
74° W
Longitude
73° W

27. 79° W
78° W
77° W
76° W
75° W
74° W
45° N
73° W
44° N
43° N
42° N
Find:
43° N, 76 ° W
44 ° N, 76 ° W
42 ° N, 79 ° W
41° N

29. Latitude and Longitude Resources
Latitude & Longitude Activity
A Printable Latitude & Longitude Map of the World
Latitude & Longitude Map Making
Latitude and Longitude Quiz

30. Time Zones
The Earth is divided into 24 time zones, corresponding to 24 hours in a day.
As the earth rotates, the sun shines in different areas, moving from east to west during the course of a day.
Places that have the same longitude will be in the same time zone.
15 degrees =1 hour

31. Difference in Longitude Time Difference in Hours Time at Location 1
Time Zones
Directions: Use the coordinates of each location to determine the time at a different location.
Part A: Use the longitude data to fill in the chart below. Times of location 1 are all 3pm. First row is done for you.
Location 1
Location 2
Difference in Longitude
Time Difference in Hours
Time at Location 1
Time at Location 2
30°W
15°W
15° east +1
3 pm
4pm
45°W
60°W
60°E
135°E
3pm 0°
75°E

32. Difference in Longitude Time Difference in Hours Time at Location 1
Time Zones
Directions: Use the coordinates of each location to determine the time at a different location.
Part A: Use the longitude data to fill in the chart below. Times of location 1 are all 3pm. First row is done for you.
Location 1
Location 2
Difference in Longitude
Time Difference in Hours
Time at Location 1
Time at Location 2
30°W
15°W
15° east +1
3 pm
4pm
45°W
15° west 
-1 
2 pm 
60°W
60°E
120° east
+8 
11pm
135°E
150° west
-10
3pm
5am  0°
75°E
75° east
+5 
8pm

33. Difference in Longitude Time Difference in Hours Time at Location 1
Part B: In the chart below the times for two locations are given as well as all longitudes for location 1 only. Use your knowledge of earth science to fill in the rest of the chart.
Location 1
Location 2
Difference in Longitude
Time Difference in Hours
Time at Location 1
Time at Location 2
30°W
3 pm
7pm
12pm
60°W
10am
135°E
3pm
9pm 0°
4am

34. Difference in Longitude Time Difference in Hours Time at Location 1
Part B: In the chart below the times for two locations are given as well as all longitudes for location 1 only. Use your knowledge of earth science to fill in the rest of the chart.
Location 1
Location 2
Difference in Longitude
Time Difference in Hours
Time at Location 1
Time at Location 2
30°W
30°E
 60° E
+4 
3 pm
7pm
75° W
45°W -3
12pm
60°W
 135°W
75°W
-5 
10am
135°E
135°W 
 90°E
 +6
3pm
9pm 0°
 165°W
165° W
 -11
4am

35. Time Difference in Hours
Part C: Latitude and Longitude are both given now. Time at location 1 is 3pm. Figure out the time difference and the time at location 2.
Location 1
Location 2
Time Difference in Hours
Time at Location 1
Time at Location 2
45°N 30°W
30°N 60°W
3 pm
30°N 150°E
75°S 150°E
3pm
15°S 60°W
15°N 60°E
60°N 135°E
60°N 120°E
50°N 105°W
65°N 75°W

36. Time Difference in Hours
Part C: Latitude and Longitude are both given now. Time at location 1 is 3pm. Figure out the time difference and the time at location 2.
Location 1
Location 2
Time Difference in Hours
Time at Location 1
Time at Location 2
45°N 30°W
30°N 60°W -2
3 pm
1pm 
30°N 150°E
75°S 150°E 0 
3pm
3pm 
15°S 60°W
15°N 60°E +8
11pm 
60°N 135°E
60°N 120°E
-1 
2pm 
50°N 105°W
65°N 75°W +2
5pm