1. BASIC FIRE SAFETY M. SRINIVASA RAO - Manager – EHS
Aptuit Laurus Pvt. Limited,
J. N. Pharma City,
Visakhapatnam –
Andhra Pradesh
Mobile:

2. -Fire is a chemical reaction of 3 elements.
What is FIRE?
-Fire is a chemical reaction of 3 elements.
Need all three components to start a fire.
Fire extinguishers remove one or more of the components.

3. What is FIRE? (Contd….)
The “Fire Triangle” identifies the three components of any Fire:
Fuel paper, wood, flammable gas, energized electrical equipment, etc...
Energy (heat), sufficient to support combustion. Often referred to as the ignition source.
Oxidizer (air)
IF ANY ONE OF THESE IS MISSING, A FIRE CANNOT CONTINUE.

4. The Combustion Process
THE FIRE TETRAHEDRON
(NEW CONCEPT)
CHAIN
REACTION
OXYGEN
FUEL
TEMPERATURE

5. Types of D Fire Class Fire Type Materials involved A B C D General
Wood, paper, cloth, trash etc… B
Flammable Liquids
Flammable solvents, liquids, Oils, Greases, Paints etc… C
Electrical
Flammable Gases
Energized electrical equipment and All flammable gases D
Metals
Water reactive Chemicals, Combustible metals etc… D

6. Fire Extinguisher Anatomy
PRESSURE GAUGE
(not found on CO2
extinguishers)
DISCHARGE LEVER
DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN
AND SEAL
CARRYING
HANDLE
DISCHARGE HOSE
DATA PLATE
DISCHARGE NOZZLE
BODY
DISCHARGE ORIFICE

7. Different Kinds of Fire Extinguishers
The 4 most common fire extinguishers:
Water Type
Mechanical Foam
Dry Chemical Powder
Carbon Dioxide
Each kind of extinguisher has a specific use

8. Applications of Fire Extinguishers
Fire Class
Suitability of Extinguishers
Water
M/F
ABC
DCP
CO2
Sand
Class A 
 -
Class B  -
Class C
Class D
(Spl. Grade) - 
Note: X- means can be used on Small surface fires.

9. Sweep side to side at the base of the fire.
How to use a Fire Extinguisher
Remember this easy acronym when using an extinguisher - P.A.S.S.
Pull the pin.
Aim the nozzle.
Squeeze the handle.
Sweep side to side at the base of the fire.

10. Fire Extinguisher Summary
WORKS AS
EFFECTIVE AGAINST
PRESSURIZED WATER
COOLING
MECHANICAL FOAM
BLANKETING
DRY CHEMICAL POWDER
SMOTHERING
CARBON DIOXIDE
DRY SAND D

11. Major Fires Fire Hydrant System - Pressure in the System: 7.0 Kg/Cm2
- Water Reservoir Capacity: 2 times than pump capacity
- Main Pump: 273 m3/Hr
- Diesel Engine Pump (Stand by): 273 m3/Hr
- Jokey Pump: 10 m3/Hr
# Single Hydrants,
# Water monitors,
# Water Sprinklers,
# Mobile Foam Monitors
# Different nozzles

12. Major Fires (Contd.) Fire Suppression System
- FM 200 (or) Carbon dioxide
- DCP flooding system
- Water Sprinklers
- Foam spray system etc...

13. Major Fires (Contd.) Mutual aid/ External Help - Fire Tenders
- External Agencies
- External Experts
- Regulatory Authorities etc...

14. R A C E Fire Emergency Response Remember to RACE during a fire
Rescue – rescue clients in immediate danger.
Alert – Shout Fire! Fire! (or) Pull fire alarm (or) Dial emergency phone number.
Contain – Close all doors and windows.
Extinguish/ Evacuate – Extinguish small fires, evacuate clients, if appropriate. A C E

15. X X X X Outdoor Fire Indoor Fire Response at Fire situation AIR AIR
FUEL
FUEL
IGNITION
IGNITION

16. Firefighting Decision Criteria
Know department emergency procedures and evacuation routes.
Know locations of extinguishers in your area and how to use them.
Always sound the alarm regardless of fire size.
Avoid smoky conditions.
Ensure area is evacuated.
Don’t attempt to fight unless:
Alarm is sounded.
Fire is small and contained.
You have safe egress route (can be reached without exposure to fire).
Available extinguishers are rated for size and type of fire.
Evacuate! If in doubt.

17. Most Fire Deaths are NOT BurnVictims!
Causes of Death in Fires - SMOKE
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydro cyanic acid
Carbon monoxide
Other toxic vapors
Trauma (non-burn)

18. Most Important Only fight a fire in the incipient stage
NEVER fight a fire if any of the following apply:
- Don’t have the proper extinguisher or equipment.
- Fire has spread beyond its point of origin.
- Your instincts tell you GET OUT
When NOT to Fight FIRE?
- Remember to keep an exit to your back.

19. You should stop drop and roll, only when your clothes are on fire.
If your clothes catch fire, it's normal to be a bit scared, but try not to panic.  
By learning how to Stop, Drop, and Roll, you will have a better chance of being okay.
1. STOP! Do not run! (Running only makes the fire bigger)  2. DROP! (Drop to the ground or floor)  3. ROLL! (Roll over and over until the flames are smothered. Cover face with hands)
You should stop drop and roll,  only when your clothes are on fire. 

20. FIRE PREVENTION
Prevention is always better than Control. To pre prevent the Fire accidents we have to eliminate the common Fire Hazards of the work are
Heat generating appliances.
Static Electricity and Short circuits.
Non-Flame proof equipments.
Storage and handling of flammables/combustibles.
Open flames and Hot surfaces.
Exothermic reactions leads to explosions.
Vehicles and equipment and other unsafe acts & conditions.

21. FIRE PREVENTION (contd…)
Fire can be prevented by considering the following issues
Flame proof equipment
Good housekeeping
Proper Ventilation
Anti Static measures
Personnel awareness
Work procedures
Safe work practices
Right tools

22. Remember the Following
Portable fire extinguishers are suitable for small fires. i.e. The fires are in the incipient stage.
Portable fire extinguishers can be handled by any work place personnel, who had aware in its handling.
If the Fire is large leave it to ERT members (Firefighting), they can control the fire by using Fire hydrant / Other appropriate measures.
All new entrants should be instructed in Fire safety awareness and emergency evacuation plans.

23. THANK YOU....