MINI-LINK E Traffic Node concept Technical ™

MINI-LINK E Traffic Node concept Technical ™
MINI-LINK E, Traffic Node concept (prepared by EMWMIMA & ETOOLF) Purpose of presentation This presentation address the technical aspects around the new Traffic Node concept, introduced as part of the MINI-LINK E portfolio. This presentation is recommended to be used together with the “MINI-LINK – From Hops to Network” presentation and the “MINI-LINK E, Overview” presentations. 1

MINI-LINK Benefits Control your costs with an efficient network approach Grow your business by targeting new segments Leading technology evolution facilitating network expansions MINI-LINK – Benefits Reasons to invest in MINI-LINK include: CONTROL YOUR COSTS WITH EFFICIENT NETWORK APPROACH: Highly reliable equipment drastically reduces the cost for an operator in terms of reduced spare parts stock, fewer site visits, lower maintenance costs, fewer links with 1+1 design, lower administration costs and lower life cycle cost. Resources can be freed and used in other parts of the operator’s organization. Based on one of the industries highest product quality and MTBF figures, MINI-LINK provide highly reliable microwave networks. Replacing leased lines with microwave networks can mean substantially savings on monthly rates, thus minimizing OPEX and in many cases increasing link quality. The investment usually provides a payback time of 1-2 years depending on market. Unique products designed for deployment in a real network scenario, optimizing the aggregation sites as well as the end sites in the network. The Traffic Node concept gives unique features to the aggregation sites of the network. One single management tool; M-L Manager enables an operator to manage and surveill a network and boost revenues with maximising network availability. Operating costs are minimised by detecting, localising, and fixing faults quickly as well as minimising labour-, equipment- and training costs. Tailor your investments according to local market traffic capacity demand and requirements as well as geographical coverage variables by using highly modular microwave equipment and patented installation kits signed MINI-LINK. GROW YOUR BUSINESS: Being able to add capacity and support new services instantaneously (at minimum cost) will mean a competitive edge for an operator. For example, a mobile operator can address new segments such as W-LAN services and xDSL backhaul, MINI-LINK E is suitable for use in any segments; whether mobile networks, broadband (fixed) networks and enterprise networks. For other needs such as higher traffic capacities, the MINI-LINK family offers also M-L High Capacity, as well as the PmP application MINI-LINK BAS. Emergency- and temporary networks... LEADING TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION FACILITATING NETWORK EXPANSION Subscriber needs drive demand. Networks provide infrastructure to satisfy that demand. Maximize site deployment and site configurations by using the next generation microwave products from Ericsson (Traffic Node), thus building a stable transmission platform for offering services both today and tomorrow.

MINI-LINK High Capacity
MINI-LINK Mobile transport - from hops to network BSC/RNC Traffic Node concept Smart nodes integrating: Microwave and traffic routing PDH and SDH Protection mechanisms e.g ring Mobile Transport – From Hops to Network A mobile network does not any longer consist of isolated microwave hops, used as leased-line extensions. The GSM expansion led to a microwave penetration of % in many mobile network. Today, an average of six out of ten GSM base stations are connected via microwave radio. It is not sufficient to handle this network as terminals any longer, but especially the aggregation sites in the network needs to consider the fact that multiple links are being connected to each other. The new Traffic Node concept provides high integration and unique features to the aggregation sites that enables a more efficient network to be built. MINI-LINK Traffic Node – which is fully compatible with the large installed base of MINI-LINK E radios – performs switching of traffic between the different incoming radio links eliminating the need for extensive manual cabling when aggregating capacity from several radio base stations within a microwave hub site. The effect is reduced capital and operational expenditure (CAPEX and OPEX) throughout the lifetime of the transport network. In particular, installation and maintenance costs are considerably reduced compared with traditional solutions, while rack space requirements are reduced by up to 70 per cent. There is also a dramatic improvement in service quality in the mobile network through the high level of integration, built-in protection mechanisms, and the elimination of multiple cable connections. The new Traffic Node concept enables operators with microwave networks to meet the new traffic demands of high-bandwidth, voice and data-oriented 2.5G and 3G mobile services at a lower cost and with increased network control than previously possible. Likewise, new mobile operators can deploy the solution as a highly flexible, integrated and cost-effective backhaul resource. MINI-LINK BAS 37.5 Mbit/s per carrier MINI-LINK E Broad range of frequencies Software-controlled capacity Spectrum-efficient modulation RBS Integration MINI-LINK Manager One manager Maximized network availability Reduced time to operation Minimized maintenance cost MINI-LINK High Capacity 155 Mbit/s, 16/128QAM

MINI-LINK E Traffic Node
Introduction Traffic Node concept – Cost, Capacity, Control Functionality Overview Medium capacity radio function Traffic routing function STM-1 Terminal Multiplexer function Protection mechanisms Synchronization Co-siting function Operation & Maintenance Data Communication Network Product Overview Hardware components Management tools and interfaces Agenda This presentation will cover a short introduction of Traffic Node concept, followed by an in-depth overview of the functionality provided by the new nodes, and in the end we will go through the hardware to see what boards and magazines that are available and to see how the functionality has been implemented in the system. This following section will give an introduction to the ideas behind the Traffic Node concept.

Smart node for microwave networks
MINI-LINK E Traffic Node Cost Capacity Control Smart node for microwave networks Ericsson smart microwave node boosts mobile transmission capacity and control, at lower cost The Traffic Node concept is designed to provide scalable microwave aggregation nodes for mobile networks. The new nodes provides a dramatic increase in aggregated transport capacity, while enhancing network quality, flexibility and control, and reducing site space by up to 70 per cent. Capacity requirements in mobile networks are growing to accommodate a broad range of new services, such as Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), with more dynamic traffic patterns. Increasing the capacity of microwave transport networks – by far the most common technology used to carry traffic to and from radio base stations – traditionally involves extensive manual re-configuration, more equipment and additional installation and maintenance costs. The Traffic Node concept addresses these issues by providing highly scalable, cost-effective capacity that is configurable from a central management system, with greatly reduced space requirements. The system can be scaled from a small, flexible node to one that provides capacity for 18 microwave links in one magazine, with a total aggregated transport capacity of up to 400Mbit/s. The new Traffic Node concept enables operators with microwave networks to meet the new traffic demands of high-bandwidth, voice and data-oriented 2.5G and 3G mobile services at a lower cost and with increased network control than previously possible. Likewise, new mobile operators can deploy the solution as a highly flexible, integrated and cost-effective backhaul resource

MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, Integrating smart functionality to reduce cost
Traffic Node concept - Smart functionality reduces cost The Traffic Node concept is the evolution of the well-known traffic routing concept and the building-practice that Ericsson introduced with MINI-LINK E and the classic version. Though, it provides a whole range of new features and integrated functionality that allows the operator to reduce CAPEX and OPEX. The Traffic Node concept is designed to perform switching of traffic between the different incoming radio links in a hub site. This means that cables and Digital Distribution Frames (DDF:s) can be removed from the site and thereby from the cost-sheet. The result is that a very high-density hub can be built, resulting in low footprint, reduced cost, reduced installation time as well as higher site reliability.

MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, Integrating smart functionality to reduce cost
Reduced… Footprint Installation time Errors Traffic Node concept - Smart functionality reduces cost The Traffic Node concept is the evolution of the well-known traffic routing concept and the building-practice that Ericsson introduced with MINI-LINK E and the classic version. Though, it provides a whole range of new features and integrated functionality that allows the operator to reduce capex and opex. The Traffic Node concept is designed to perform switching of traffic between the different incoming radio links in a hub site. This means that cables and Digital Distribution Frames (DDF:s) can be removed from the site and thereby from the cost-sheet. The result is that a very high-density hub can be built, resulting in low footprint, reduced cost, reduced installation time as well as higher site reliability Up to 70% size reduction

MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, Boost capacity with smart PDH/SDH integration
Common… Management system Installation team Tools SDH MW SDH MUX PDH MW Traffic Node concept SDH MW SDH MUX PDH MW SDH MW SDH MUX PDH MW PDH/SDH Integration Integration of two domains under the same management into one platform. Saves space, equipment and adds control High capacity microwave radios are entering the scene in the mobile access networks, as well as optical technologies. This is the result of a demand for introducing capacities of 155 Mbit/s and above in this part of the network. There are several ways of dealing with the build-up of 155 Mbit/s signals towards the high capacity microwave radio terminals .This slide below shows the trend to integrate the multiplexer equipment with the microwave equipment. This integration eliminates the need to introduce more expensive optical equipment when microwave capacities available can solve the need. This solution suits many mobile operators that today do not have the plans and strategy to invest in optical equipment, and the organization that would means. The Ericsson solution showed in this slides, deals with the PDH/SDH integration in a a somewhat different manner than other solutions available on the market today. The decision to integrate the multiplexer into the same back plane and platform as the PDH microwave equipment (I.e. in MINI-LINK E) implies that all the 2 Mbit/s signals do not need to be cabled from the PDH microwave equipment into the DDF, and from there to the SDH MUX. All this traffic is instead routed in the Traffic Node back plane. All that is needed is to connect the two optical cables from the LTU155 board in Traffic Node into the High Capacity microwave radio or the optical networking equipment. This results in less cables, less equipment, more compact sites, higher site reliability, higher flexibility, possibility to perform remote software configuration of traffic etc. Other Alternative

MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, Take control over your traffic
Remote set-up and re-configuration of traffic connections Software configurable radio link capacity Automatic tests and built-in analyzers Traffic Node, Take control over your traffic Today, transmission-related operational costs are a big part of the operator’s network. This as a consequence from continuous re-configurations, upgrades and other transmission-related network changes. The Traffic Node concept provides means to save cost by minimizing the need to travel to site to perform these changes to the transmission network. The new nodes provides functions such as: Remote set-up and re-configuration of traffic connections: Since traffic is handled over a back plane that is common for all the microwave terminals on site, traffic can be set-up and re-configured from remote. It is as simple as clicking a button from your operation and maintenance system to re-route the traffic on a remote site. Software configurable radio link capacity: Additional flexibility is provided over each radio link, where capacity can be adjusted within a certain interval (2x2-4x2 Mbit/s for MMU2 4-8, and 2x2-17x2 for MMU2 4-34). Automatic tests and built-in analysers: Powerful functions for fault diagnostics and commissioning is provided such as built-in Bit Error Rate Testers and loop functions.

Introduction Traffic Node concept – Cost, Capacity, Control Functionality Overview Medium capacity radio function Traffic routing function STM-1 Terminal Multiplexer function Protection mechanisms Synchronization Co-siting function Operation & Maintenance Data Communication Network Product Overview Hardware components Management tools and interfaces Agenda This presentation will cover a short introduction of Traffic Node concept, followed by an in-depth overview of the functionality provided by the new nodes, and in the end we will go through the hardware to see what boards and magazines that are available and to see how the functionality has been implemented in the system. This following section will adress the functionality of the Traffic Node concept.

MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, Medium capacity radio function
18 modems per sub rack in AMM 20p 5 modems per sub rack in AMM 6p Software configurable traffic capacity Fully compatible with installed base of MINI-LINK E radios Full range of MINI-LINK protection schemes, capacities, frequencies and antennas Medium capacity radio function 18 modems per sub rack in AMM 20p – 20 positions, where one is allocated by the NPU and one is reserved for future NPU redundancy, allows up to 18 slots available for expansion with any combination of circuit-boards e.g. all MMU:s. 5 modems per sub rack in AMM 6p – 6 positions, where one is allocated by the NPU, allows up to 5 slots available for expansion with any combination of circuit-boards e.g. all MMU:s. Software configurable traffic capacity – Modems are software configurable up to its maximum capacity (8 Mbit/s for MMU2 4-8 and 34+2 Mbit/s for MMU2 4-34) Fully compatible with installed base of MINI-LINK E radios – Very important is that we have preserved the cable interface towards existing radios (RAU1 and RAU2) that allows migration to a Traffic Node site without having to change anything in the outdoor installations including the radio cabling. Likewise important is that also the air interface allows the combination of a MINI-LINK E, Classic concept on one end of the radio hop, and a MINI-LINK E, Traffic Node concept on the other side of the radio hop. Full range of MINI-LINK protection schemes, capacities, frequencies and antennas – The Traffic Node radio terminals is certainly equipped with the same features as the traditional radio terminals.

MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, Traffic routing function
Cross connection at 2Mbit/s level 400 E1 ports non blocking switching capacity, full duplex Software-controlled from management system Hardware redundant switching function nxE1 Traffic routing function A microwave hub’s main function is to collect traffic carried over microwave radio links from many sites and to aggregate it into a higher capacity transmission link through the access network towards the core network. The transmission link upwards may be microwave transmission Mbit/s or optical.The Traffic Node concept provides a traffic routing function that facilitates the handling of this aggregation. This function enables interconnection of all traffic connections going through the node. Each plug-in unit connects nxE1 to the back plane, where the traffic is cross-connected to another plug-in unit. The E1s are unstructured with independent timing. The plug-in units may be medium capacity modems (2-17 E1), E1 interface plug-in units(8 or 16 E1) or STM-1 terminal multiplexers(63 E1). The traffic routing function is controlled by software in the EEM. For configuration of the traffic routing, the web server in the EEM is accessed using the Local Craft Terminal (LCT) on site or from remote O&M site using the MINI-LINK Manager (using the LCT). Traffic configuration can also be done using the SNMP interface. Building hub sites aggregating microwave traffic has usually been done by connecting individual microwave radio terminals with cables through Digital Distribution Frames (DDF) and external digital cross connection equipment.

MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, STM-1 Terminal Multiplexer function
Efficient interface between optical and microwave network Terminates full STM-1 payload Electric and optical interfaces MSP 1+1 for equipment and line protection W E SDH ADM STM-1 Terminal Multiplexer function/Efficient interface between optical and microwave network There are two principle uses of the terminal multiplexer function of the Traffic Node concept: It is used at aggregation sites where the high capacity optical SDH network connects to the microwave network. The STM-1 terminal multiplexer is an effective interface using one STM-1 interconnection instead of nxE1. It is used for building high capacity microwave networks, with star- or ring topology, using the new Traffic Node concept and MINI-LINK High Capacity. (next slide)

MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, STM-1 Terminal Multiplexer function
Complete MINI-LINK microwave solution for 155 Mbit/s One management system to manage the complete site One installation team for the complete site STM-1 Terminal Multiplexer function/Complete MINI-LINK microwave solution for 155 Mbit/s Many microwave networks are built using PDH microwave links today. These networks are now being extended with higher capacities up to 155 Mbit/s and above. Many of the solutions offered on the market is not complete, but needs to be complemented with external equipment resulting in a mix of different vendor equipment on site. This leads to several management systems to manage the site and the network, as well as people with different competences about the vendor equipment to install and operate the network. The Traffic Node concept combined with MINI-LINK High Capacity offers one homogenous microwave solution for PDH and SDH transmission, including the multiplexing to STM-1, all under one management system.

MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, Protection
Microwave Propagation protection (Hot-/working standby) Redundant system architecture Separate traffic and control system Line & equipment protection (1+1 E1 SNCP; MSP 1+1; Microwave 1+1) Protection With higher capacity demands, there come new requirements on the protection mechanisms supported in the network. The Traffic Node concept supports a wide range of protection mechanisms; Physical link (line) protection is supported by 1+1 Microwave radio protection and MSP1+1 for the STM-1 interface. E1 links between two Traffic Nodes can also be link protected using the 1+1 E1 SNCP. Equipment protection is supported by 1+1 Radio protection, MSP1+1 for the STM-1 interface and the redundant power in the AMM 20p. Using 1+1 E1 SNCP can also provide equipment protection for LTU 16x2 between two traffic nodes connected by E1. Propagation protection on the microwave path: Hot Standby and Working standby configurations are supported with hitless switching. This is performed with the SMU2 interface board providing the protection of two MMU2:s. Redundant backplane and hot-swap of plug-in boards: The resilience the Traffic Node concept is very high, which is visible in the fact that also the traffic bus in the backplane of the node is redundant. Plug-in boards can be inserted and swapped while the node is in operation and no traffic in other areas of the nodes is affected. Ring protection (Network layer protection): is supported with 1+1 E1 SNCP. A unique and powerful feature in microwave networking. Normally, you as an operator would need to invest in very expensive equipment just to get this feature of increasing your network quality by building ring structures. Now, this can be done directly in your microwave platform. The Traffic Node concept enables ring protection on the E1s being switched in the node. As can be seen from the picture above, the ring protection is media independent which means that you can combine a microwave link in one direction with another media (copper, fiber etc.) in the other direction. Ring protection; 1+1 E1 SNCP (media independent)

1+1 Microwave radio protection Physical link and equipment protection Hot or working standby Traffic Node concept Classic concept Modem function Modem function 1+1 Microwave radio protection The MMU2 of the Traffic Node concept provides the same protection mechanisms as the traditional MMU in the Classic indoor concept of MINI-LINK-E and they are fully compatible with each other. The protection mechanism in Traffic Node is provided by using two MMU interface boards and one MINI-LINK SMU2 (Switch and Multiplexing Unit) Only one set of E1 connections are connected to the back plane. This 1+1 configuration can be set up with space or frequency diversity for fading protection Modem function Modem function Switch function Switch function 2-17xE1

Local equipment failures
MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, Protection MSP 1+1 Local equipment failures External commands Physical link and equipment protection Uni-directional Permanently bridged Non-revertible Controller Detected failures Passive STM-1 MSP 1+1 This is a standardized mechanism used for line and equipment protection in SDH equipment. The mechanism is specific to the LTU 155 application and does not use the previously discussed 1+1 E1 SNCP mechanism in the platform. MSP1+1 monitors the multiplexer section (MS) overhead. Only traffic from one of the boards is presented to the traffic function. The switching is based on detected failures in the MS, local equipment failures or external command from management system. MSP1+1 is implemented in the Traffic Node concept by using two LTU 155 interface boards. The protective switching logic is performed by the two LTU155 boards themselves. STM-1 plug-in unit SDH equipment with MSP 1+1 STM-1 plug-in unit 63xE1 Active STM-1

Subnetwork 1+1 E1 SNCP Network layer protection on E1 level Physical link and equipment protection Signal is transmitted on two interfaces, receiver chooses the best of the two Switches on signal failure 1+1 E1 SNCP The Traffic Node concept provides 1+1 E1 SNCP, a general protection mechanism available for all line interfaces using the traffic function. This mechanism works on any E1 connection going through the traffic function of the node. This mechanism is based on transmitting the traffic on two different paths through the sub-network (permanently bridged). The traffic from one of the two paths is selected based on status of the two paths. The mechanism switches on signal failure (LOS and AIS). 1+1 E1 SNCP has several usages: Ring protection Link protection. Protected E1 connections can be configured between two Traffic Nodes using 1+1 E1 SNCP. This requires separate physical transmission links. Equipment protection. By configuring the 1+1 E1 SNCP to use two E1s carried on two separate plug-in units, the traffic is protected against equipment failure in the plug-in units. Traffic Node concept Working Standby

nxE1 1+1 E1 SNCP – Ring Application 1+1 E1 SNCP Microwave rings of 34Mbit/s and 155Mbit/s capacity Media independent protection mechanism Support for asymmetric ring capacity Independent of MSP1+1 and 1+1 microwave protection PDH or SDH Microwave 1+1 E1 SNCP – Ring Application Microwave rings of 34Mbit/s and 155Mbit/s capacity: The 1+1 E1 SNCP mechanism described in the previous section can be used to design protected ring structures in the microwave network. In a ring topology, all nodes are connected so that two nodes always have two paths between them. An E1 connection entering a ring at one point and exiting at another point can therefore be protected with an 1+1 E1 SNCP group configured at each end of the connection. The traffic is sent in both directions in the ring and the traffic is received from two directions at the termination point. In the MINI-LINK network, these ring structures can be built using the plug-in medium capacity terminal with capacities up to 34+2Mbit/s. Using the MINI-LINK High Capacity terminal and the LTU 155 STM-1 interface, ring structures can be designed with 155Mbit/s capacity. This is a powerful mechanism for building protected microwave networks. Capacity is distributed a common feeder node to the ring nodes where it is dropped off to star or tree structures These ring structures are a convenient way of building protection in the microwave network. In this solution, the ring network can tolerate one fault without losing transmission. When the fault occurs, all the connections are switched in the other direction. Fault tolerance: One line fault; Equipment fault on circuit boards; Equipment fault on entire node; Switching time: On line faults, less than 50 ms; On equipment fault, less than 2 s Media independent protection mechanism: Since the 1+1 E1 SNCP mechanism works on E1 level over the back plane it can protect any interface i.e.the media can in one direction could be e.g. 34 Mbit/s microwave while the other direction could be a fiber connection. Support for asymmetric ring capacity: As desribed above, the medias could be different and thereby also the capacity in the ring, since the ring protection work on lower granularity (i.e. E1:s) Independent of MSP1+1 and 1+1 microwave protection: The 1+1 E1 SNCP mechanism can be used as network protection simultaneously with the link protection scheme provided by MSP 1+1 and 1+1 E1 SNCP. 1+1 E1 SNCP nxE1 Working connection Standby connection

Protected System Architecture Redundant power bus and power supply Redundant traffic buses Prepared for redundant NPU Separate traffic- and control system Tolerance for control system faults. Hot insert/Hot swap of plug-in units Software upload without disturbing traffic Protected system architecture The power filter unit of the AMM 20p is redundant (using two power filtering units). For AMM 6p, the power filter unit is not duplicated. The TDM bus is redundant. It has three buses in a 2:1 configuration. Two buses are used for traffic and one is used as backup for these.

MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, Synchronization
PDH Unstructured E1 circuits with independent timing SDH E1s are mapped into VC12s at each Terminal Multiplexer using asynchronous mapping Traffic Node complies to G.825 for all jitter/wander requirements When building networks with Traffic Node and MINI-LINK High Capacity, local oscillator and loop timing is used SDH network Loop timing Synchronization When the LTU 155 board of Traffic Node is connected to MINI-LINK High Capacity, the Traffic Node concept can be used to build PDH networks with SDH link technology.It is important to understand that this is not the same as building an SDH network using SDH ADMs. Different from a traditional SDH network, the SDH VC12:s are terminated in each LTU155 of Traffic Node and the traffic applied on the backplane of the node is pure E1:s. No SDH synchronization is provided by the Traffic Node concept, and each STM-1 is its own SDH network with local oscillator in one end and loop timing in the other. MINI-LINK High Capacity implements the Regenerator Timing function i.e. it sends at the receiving clock in both directions. This arrangement works since the Traffic Node complies to G.825 for the E1 circuits. Traffic Node Loop timing Local oscillator Loop timing Local oscillator Traffic Node Loop timing Traffic Node Local oscillator

MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, Co-siting function
Traffic Rates : E1(x2); E2(x2); E3+E1 Service channels: E0(x2) Terminal server: V.24 Traffic Node concept Classic concept Co-siting function Co-siting function As a MINI-LINK microwave hub, the Traffic Node concept provides convenient co-siting interfaces towards the Classic indoor concept for MINI-LINK E. This enables reuse of existing equipment on the site as well as connection to the MINI-LINK E 16 QAM terminal that provides spectrum efficient microwave transmission. Traffic is connected from the E1, E2 or E3 interface in the MINI-LINK E to the corresponding interface on the MINI-LINK E terminal. The DCN connection is established by connecting the V.24 O&M of the Traffic Node to the corresponding V.24 on the MINI-LINK E terminal. The 2xE0 can be used to transport DCN or for general service channel usage. Modem function E0 (x2) E1 (x2) E2 (x2) E3 (x1)

MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, Operation & Maintenance
Fault management Configuration management Performance management Software management Equipment handling Loop functions Bit Error Rate Tester Operation & Maintenance The Traffic Node concept provides powerful, simple to use tools for operation and maintenance of the network. These includes tools to facilitate: Fault management Configuration management Performance management Software management Equipment handling Loop functions Bit Error Rate Tester

Fault Management/Fault localization All hardware and software is monitored Errors are mapped down to faulty replaceable unit Fault management/Fault localization A graphical presentation as well as a list-view is available of each node. From a graphical user interface, errors can be drilled down to the smallest replaceable unit of the system.

Fault Management/LED:s Green LED = Power On Red LED = Faulty unit Yellow LED = Plug-in unit ready for removal Plug-in unit front Fault management/LED:s All Plug-In Unit:s (PIU) is equipped with LED:s to show the status of the node. Each board also provides a board removal switch for controlled removal of PIU:s. When pressing the board removal switch, the control system releases the PIU so that it can be removed without any internal errors in the system. When the board is ready for removal, the yellow light turns on. If the board is not removed within 15 minutes, it is taken back into service. This to avoid problems when pressing the wrong switch. The consequence of taking a board out without using the board removal switch is that the node gets an internal error and performs a warm restart. This however does not affect traffic, it is just the system’s way of cleaning up. All plug-in units have a Board Removal Switch (BRS) for controlled removal.

Fault Management/User I/O 3 user input Configurable to normal open or normal closed 3 user output Both normal open or normal closed available Can be set manually by management system or configured to map to a given alarm severity Input to Traffic Node Traffic Node Fault management/User I/O Three User Input and three User Output are available. The User Input ports can be used to connect users' alarms to the MINI-LINK management system. Applications like fire alarms, burglar alarms, low power indicator and so on may easily be implemented over these input ports. The User Input ports can be configured to be normally open or normally closed. User Output ports can be used to export alarms from the Traffic Node to other equipment's supervisory system. The outputs are available with both normally closed and normally open contacts. The outputs can be set (powered) manually by the operator (for power failure alarm towards other equipment) or they can be mapped to a given alarm severity in the traffic node. The set-up of the User Input/output is configurable. MINI-LINK Manager

Fault Management/SNMP SNMP traps V1, V2 and V3 Active alarm list and notification log for synchronization with management system Traffic Node Fault management/SNMP The Traffic Node concept uses SNMP traps to report alarms to MINI-LINK Manager or another SNMP based management system. To enable a management system to synchronize alarm status, the Traffic Node provides a notification log where all traps are recorded. There is also a list of current active alarms. Both these can be accessed by the management system using SNMP. The alarm status of specific managed objects in the node can also be read. Alarms on the STM-1 interface are filtered to prevent alarm flooding. Alarm notification can be enabled/disabled for entire Traffic Nodes, for an individual plug-in unit and for individual interfaces. Disabling alarm notification means that no alarms or event notifications are sent and that alarms sent before disabling will be cleared. SNMP traps MINI-LINK Manager SNMP get Notification log and current alarm list

Configuration Management Performed in Embedded Element Manager or by using SNMP interface Transmission interface parameters Traffic routing Traffic protection DCN configuration User I/O configuration Security parameters Configuration is stored non-volatile on the Traffic Node Configuration can be backed up and restored from FTP server Configuration management Configuration can be performed in Embedded Element Manager or by using SNMP interface. Configuration is stored non-volatile on the Traffic Node itself, but it can also be backed up and restored from FTP server.

Performance Management Measurements according to ITU G.826 15 minutes and 24 hours current intervals 1x24 hours previous and 96x15 minutes intervals Configurable thresholds for current PM data. Crossing of the thresholds is reported as alarms Performance management Performance data can be started for each plug-in unit and node and measurements can be scheduled to occur with 15 minutes and 24 hours intervals.

Software Management Traffic Node software can be upgraded while in operation (without disturbing traffic) Software download can be done on site or from the O&M center FTP is used to transfer software New plug-in units are upgraded automatically if they have incorrect software revisions Software management The Traffic Node concept supports software upgrade both locally and remotely. Software upgrade uses an FTP server to distribute the software to the node or plug-in units in question. An FTP server is provided on the MINI-LINK Service Manager CD that is used when installing software on site. One valid system release consists of a set of software modules for the different applications running on the system. When upgrading, only the modules that are new/different are downloaded. All traffic continues while the software is being loaded. After loading the software both the new software and the previous software version are stored on the unit. The new software version will be activated by performing a warm restart which only affects the control system. This restart can be performed immediately or scheduled at a later time. The restart will not influence the traffic. The previous software revision remains stored on the unit in case a fallback is needed. If plug-in units with old software revisions are inserted into the Traffic Node, they will be automatically upgraded to the currently running software version. The software upgrade function enables adding new functions and new types of plug-in boards to the Traffic Node without disturbing traffic.

Equipment Handling Plug-in units can be inserted, swapped and removed while in operation When changing a circuit board for repair, the new board automatically receives the configuration of the old board Equipment fault management with supervision of temperature, power, fan, system buses and processes Equipment handling The Traffic Node concept offers several functions for easy operation and maintenance. Plug-in units can be inserted to the node while in operation. This enables addition of new microwave terminals or other plug-in units without disturbing existing traffic. Plug-in units can be removed from the node while in operation. When changing a plug-in unit, the new plug-in unit (of same type) automatically gets the same configuration as the previous one (provided the change occurs within 15 minutes). Configuration of the Traffic Node is stored nonvolatile on the node itself, and it can be backed up/restored with a central FTP-server. This enables the NPU to be changed in a repair situation. This is an example of the good benefits from having a separated control and traffic system. The traffic in the node continues to function while the NPU is being changed (with the obvious exception of the interfaces on the NPU 8x2) Various re-starts can be ordered from management system. A node cold restart restarts the whole Traffic Node and will disturb the traffic. A node warm restart only restarts the control system and will not affect the traffic. The plug-in units can also be cold restarted individually.

Equipment Handling/Temperature Monitoring The temperature of all circuit boards is monitored with sensors Two levels of temperature violations High temperature threshold shuts down the circuit board’s control software without disturbing the traffic Excessive temperature threshold shuts down the entire circuit board Alarm notification on temperature violations Temp. Equipment handling/Temperature monitoring The equipment handling functionality of the new MINI-LINK indoor concept is very advanced. All plug-in units are equipped with temperature censors. Overheated boards which exceed limit thresholds are put in reduced service or out of service by the control system.This is to avoid hardware failures in case of fan failure. There are two thresholds: Crossing the high temperature threshold shuts down the plug-in unit's control system (reduced operation). The traffic function of the plug-in unit will still be in operation but with operational status reduced service Crossing the excessive temperature threshold shuts down the entire plug-in unit and sets it in operational status out of service. The plug-in unit is automatically taken into normal operation when temperature is back below the high threshold. Excessive temp. threshold Excessive temp. Temp. High temp. Supervision Hysteresis High temp. threshold Normal temp.

Bit Error Rate Tester (BERT) ITU standard O.151 Replaces external line testers Enables system verification Remote activation/de-activation One BERT (E1) per Plug-In Unit Traffic Node concept BERT Bit Error Rate Tester The Traffic Node concept provides built-in Bit Error Tester (BERT). The BERT is used for measuring performance according to ITU standard O.151. As with loop tests bit error testing may be used for system verification or for fault location. One BERT with one E1 is available per plug-in unit, allowing any of the E1:s on that specific board to be routed through the BERT. Plug-in unit

AIS-Alarm Indication Signal
MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, Operation & Maintenance Loop functions/Line Loop Traffic Node concept Traffic Node concept Transmission link BERT AIS Loop functions/Line loop A line loop-back test loops the whole incoming line signal back to its origin. The loop-back is done in the plug-in unit, close to the line interface. This tests the transmission link between the two nodes. In this slide and the following, the BERT in the Traffic Node or an external line tester can be used. AIS-Alarm Indication Signal Plug-in unit

Loop functions/Local Loop Traffic Node concept Traffic Node concept Transmission link BERT Loop functions/Local loop A local loop-back test loops the whole incoming line signal back to its origin. The loop-back is done in the second plug-in unit, close to the line interface. This tests the complete node function. The BERT in the Traffic Node or an external line tester can be used. AIS Plug-in unit

Loop functions/Connection Loop Traffic Node concept Traffic Node concept Transmission link BERT Loop functions/Connection loop A connection loop-back test loops the whole incoming line signal back to its origin. The loop-back is done in the backplane. This tests the specific plug-in unit. The BERT in the Traffic Node or an external line tester can be used. AIS Plug-in unit

MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, Data Communication Network
IP based DCN SNMP v1, v2, v3 IP router integrated in every Traffic Node supporting OSPF IP over unnumbered PPP over radio hop and SDH overhead channels Automatic set up of DCN channels between Traffic Nodes Terminal server functionality for access to MINI-LINK E sub-network based on the Classic concept Data Communication Network Traffic Node offers a TCP/IP and SNMP based management concept with features supporting migration of already installed equipment. Traffic Node supports: IP based DCN - The built-in IP router enables any equipment on site to connect to a Data Communication Network. SNMP v1, v2, v3 - The management architecture is based on an embedded SNMP agent and web technology for access to the built-in Management Information Base. This implementation supports standardized user interfaces and enables easy accessible information for higher layer management systems such as network managers and connection managers. IP router integrated in every Traffic Node supporting OSPF – The built-in router allows any other equipment to connect to the site-LAN via an Ethernet connection. IP over unnumbered PPP over radio hop and SDH overhead channels – The use of IP addresses are limited. Using numbered interfaces for the PPP links would normally require the use of one IP subnet with two addresses for each radio hop. For a large aggregation site, this would imply a lot of addresses.The planning of the IP addresses is simplified and the amount of configuration is reduced. Automatic set up of DCN channels between Traffic Nodes –Traffic Node has serial interfaces using point-to-point links towards the other end’s IP router using the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). These links are automatically set-up in various overhead channels when the IP router in the other end of the link is another Traffic Node (provided that the transmission link is functioning). This simplifies significantly the configuration of the DCN during installation. Terminal server functionality for access to MINI-LINK E sub-network based on the Classic concept – In order to convert MINI-LINK operation and maintenance data to the IP DCN concept.

MINI-LINK Manager Ethernet or 2Mbit/s connection Multiplexer section MINI-LINK E, Traffic Node MINI-LINK E, Traffic Node Data Communication Network Each node has a 10 Base-T connection for management. (more info on separate slide). This is the easiest way to connect the MINI-LINK node to the operators IP network (from the Traffic Node viewpoint). For connection to nodes in other sites, the Traffic Node has serial interfaces using point-to-point links towards the other end’s IP router using the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). These links are automatically set-up in various overhead channels when the IP router in the other end of the link is another Traffic Node (provided that the transmission link is functioning). This simplifies significantly the configuration of the DCN during installation. PPP links are available in Traffic Node as: Over Medium Capacity radio hops with a Traffic Node in both ends, a PPP link is set up automatically on the service channels in the radio frame overhead. The default bandwidth is 2x64kbit/s. It is possible to only use 64kbit/s, so that the rest of the bandwidth is open for other use Over High Capacity radio hops (or other STM-1 links) with a connected Traffic Node in both ends, a PPP link is set up automatically in the multiplexer section overhead in the STM-1 overhead (DCCM). The default bandwidth is 192kbit/s. The bandwidths 384kbit/s and 576kbit/s are configurable. For connecting two Traffic Nodes over Medium Capacity radio hops provided by additional MINI-LINK E equipment (i.e. not integrated in the Traffic Node), the PPP link can be set up on one or two 64kbit/s carried on a service channel in the radio overhead. For connecting the MINI-LINK DCN to the operator’s LAN, a PPP link can be set-up on an unstructured E1. This solution is the alternative when Ethernet is unavailable on the site on the edge of the MINI-LINK network. The E1 can be terminated in a router in the other end in the operator’s O&M network. The E1 is transported through the high capacity radio access network the along with the rest of the E1s carrying traffic. This PPP link is not set-up automatically MINI-LINK High Capacity MINI-LINK E, Classic (cluster)

Default IP Address/OSPF Area
MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, Data Communication Network Internal OSPF router/Default IP Address Unnumbered IP interfaces Less IP addresses consumed Ethernet and PPP interfaces inherit the default IP address for the node Simple planning of IP addresses Less manual configuration Numbered IP interfaces Provided when advanced OSPF routing functions are needed Set-up using standardized Command Line Interface (CLI) Traffic Node DCN Router Default IP Address/OSPF Area PPP interface PPP interface Ethernet interface PPP interface Inherits the default IP address Internal OSPF Router/Default IP address Traffic Node generally uses unnumbered IP interfaces. Each node has a default IP address. This address is inherited by the Ethernet interface and all the PPP interfaces.The use of unnumbered interfaces has several advantages. The use of IP addresses is limited. Using numbered interfaces for the PPP links would normally require using one IP subnet with two addresses for each radio hop. For a large aggregation site, this would imply a lot of addresses. The planning of the IP addresses is simplified The amount of configuration is reduced The Traffic Node also has the option to use numbered interfaces. This is to provide advanced OSPF routing functions.

Internal OSPF router/Serial Interfaces PPP Microwave radio 2x64 kbit/s (automatically set up between Traffic Nodes) 1200 bit/s (to MINI-LINK E, Classic) High capacity link 9x64 kbit/s in MSOH on STM-1 link (DCCM, automatically set-up between Traffic Nodes) Any external system or leased line E1 or 2x64 kbit/s IP DCN Radio (2x64 kbit/s) Radio (1200 bit/s) STM-1 (DCCM) E1 or 2xE0 Internal OSPF Router/Serial interfaces PPP For connection to nodes in other sites, the Traffic Node has serial interfaces using point-to-point links towards the other end’s IP router using the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). These links are automatically set-up in various overhead channels when the IP router in the other end of the link is another Traffic Node (provided that the transmission link is functioning). This simplifies significantly the configuration of the DCN during installation. The available PPP links in the Traffic Nodes are: Over Medium Capacity radio hops with a Traffic Node in both ends, a PPP link is set up automatically on the service channels in the radio frame overhead. The default bandwidth is 2x64kbit/s. It is possible to only use 64kbit/s, so that the rest of the bandwidth is open for other use · Over High Capacity radio hops (or other STM-1 links) with a connected Traffic Node in both ends, a PPP link is set up automatically in the multiplexer section overhead in the STM-1 overhead (DCCM). The default bandwidth is 192kbit/s. The bandwidths 384kbit/s and 576kbit/s are configurable. For connecting two Traffic Nodes over Medium Capacity radio hops provided by the traditional MINI-LINK E, Classic concept (i.e. not integrated in the Traffic Node), the PPP link can be set up on one or two 64kbit/s carried on a service channel in the radio overhead. For connecting the MINI-LINK DCN to the operator’s LAN, a PPP link can be set-up on an unstructured E1. This solution is the alternative when Ethernet is unavailable on the site on the edge of the MINI-LINK network. The E1 is terminated in a router in the other end in the operator’s O&M network. The E1 is transported through the high capacity radio access network the along with the rest of the E1s carrying traffic. This PPP link is not set-up automatically Traffic Node

Internal OSPF router/Ethernet Interface 10 Base-T Shielded 8-pin RJ45 The preferred way of connecting the MINI-LINK Network to the operator’s DCN. IP DCN 10 Base-T Internal OSPF router/Ethernet Interface Each node has a 10 Base-T connection for management. This connection is used directly from a lap-top PC for local management. If the site has a site-LAN, the Traffic Node uses the Ethernet connection to connect to this DCN network and the local craft terminal (lap-top for local management) hooks up to a free LAN connection (on a hub or similar) for management of the Traffic Node and other equipment on the site-LAN. This is the easiest way to connect the MINI-LINK node to the operators IP network (from the Traffic Node viewpoint). Traffic Node

DCN Services (Optional) IP DCN 10 Base-T FTP NTP DNS-DHCP DCN Services The DCN can utilize the services from standard external IP network servers: All clocks (used for example for time stamping alarm events) can be synchronized with an NTP server. DNS server(s) enables the use of host names for all nodes. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is used to allocate IP addresses in the DCN network. The Traffic Node has a DHCP relay agent for serving other equipment on the Site LAN. FTP is used as a file transfer mechanism both for software upgrade and for back-up/restoration of node configuration. Note that the DCN services are not mandatory to use, but offers increased possibilities to use services already available in the operator’s network. Traffic Node Ethernet LCT

Introduction Traffic Node concept – Cost, Capacity, Control Functionality Overview Medium capacity radio function Traffic routing function STM-1 Terminal Multiplexer function Protection mechanisms Synchronization Co-siting function Operation & Maintenance Data Communication Network Product Overview Hardware components Management tools and interfaces Agenda This presentation will cover a short introduction of Traffic Node concept, followed by an in-depth overview of the functionality provided by the new nodes, and in the end we will go through the hardware to see what boards and magazines that are available and to see how the functionality has been implemented in the system. This following section will adress the different components of the Traffic Node concept.

MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, Hardware components
AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units Magazine height 150 mm 6 full height slot positions Mandatory configuration includes AMM 6p magazine, NPU 8x2, PFU2 and FAU2 (see plug-in units) AMM6p The smaller Traffic Node platform is very compact, still providing full non-blocking traffic routing possibilities for up to 5 plug-in unit (microwave terminals, STM-1 multiplexers, E1 connection etc.) as well as powerful protection mechanisms for all types of traffic. The node has integrated fan unit and power filtering and distribution.

AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units Magazine height 300mm 20 full height positions Mandatory configuration includes AMM 20p magazine, NPU 8x2 and PFU1 AMM 20p The largest Traffic Node platform provides unique scalability and flexibility, providing full non-blocking traffic routing possibilities for up to 18 plug-in unit (microwave terminals, STM-1 multiplexers, E1 connection etc.) and powerful protection mechanisms for all types of traffic.

AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units Leds Node Processor Unit (NPU 8x2) Centralized node processor with DCN router, SNMP Master Agent etc. 10 BASE-T Ethernet interface for connection of management 8xE1 interfaces for connection to co-located BTS 3 General purpose User Input signals 3 General purpose User Output signals 10/100 BaseT Terminal Server 4x2 Mbit/s (120ohm) 4x2 Mbit/s (120ohm) Node Processor Unit (NPU) The main control system functions in the Traffic Node are housed in the Node Processor Unit (NPU 8x2). One NPU 8x2 is always required. The architecture enables the NPU 8x2 to be upgraded for redundancy in future releases. Its functions are: Storage and administration of inventory and configuration in the Traffic Node. DCN routing. The SNMP Master Agent for the whole Traffic Node. Add-/drop capacity - The NPU 8x2 has 8xE1 (120 ohm) interfaces for connecting to co-sited BTSs or other equipment. Sofix connectors with 4 E1s per connector is used to provide a high-density node A 10 Base-T Ethernet interface is provided for connection to Site LAN or connection of laptop for local management. Three general purpose User Input signals (opto-coupled). The use of these interfaces may be configured. Three general purpose User Output signals (relay contacts). The use of these interfaces may be configured. User In/Out

AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units Leds Modem Unit (MMU2 4-8, MMU2 4-34) Software-configurable capacity: MMU2 4-8: 2x2, 4x2 Mbit/s MMU2 4-34: 2x2, 4x2, 2x8 and 34+2 Mbit/s Compatible over the air with MINI-LINK E, Classic MINI-LINK E outdoor units RAU1 and RAU2 Frequencies: 7-38 GHz O&M (Sw download) RAU Modem unit (MMU2 4-8, MMU2 4-34) The Traffic Node modem units are capacity-agile in two intervals. The architecture of the node is that all plug-in units demuliplexes the E1:s towards the back plane of the node. This functionality means that no SMU are needed to support the higher capacities in 1+0 configuration (compare the Classic indoor concept of MINI-LINK E). Since traffic in most cases goes through the node via the back plane to another plug-in unit, no traffic interfaces are available on the modem unit. The only connectors available on the front are the radio cable connection and the O&M port. The O&M port is used for Local Software Upgrade (LSU) and it can also be used for direct MSM connections. MSM connection is however normally done through the Ethernet connection on the NPU using the access server in the node.

AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units Leds Switch Multiplexer Unit (SMU2) Dual function plug-in unit Two MMU2s and one SMU2 for 1+1 protection Co-siting interfaces with MINI-LINK E, Classic O&M 2xE0 2xE1/2xE2 Switch Multiplexer Unit (SMU2) The SMU2 is a dual-function plug-in unit, used for 1+1 microwave configuration together with two MMU2 or for co-siting of MINI-LINK E, Classic concept. The co-siting interfaces provided are: Traffic (2xE1, 2xE2, 1xE3 ports) –2x2 using 2xE1 ,4x2 using 1xE2, 8x2 using 2xE2 or 17x2 using E3+E1 DCN (2xE0) - The E0 channels can be used to route Traffic Node DCN over MINI-LINK E, Classic concept. O&M - The O&M port can be used as an access server towards MINI-LINK E Classic terminals on the same site. It can also be used for direct MSM connection. This however normally done through the Ethernet connection on the NPU using the access server in the node. 1xE3

AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units Leds E1 Line Termination Unit (LTU 16x2) 16xE1 interfaces 120 Ohm G.703 long haul interface Used for additional E1s when NPU 8x2 is insufficient 4x2 Mbit/s (120ohm) 4x2 Mbit/s (120ohm) 4x2 Mbit/s (120ohm) 4x2 Mbit/s (120ohm) Line Termination Unit (LTU 16x2) The LTU 16x2 has 16xE1 (120 ohm) interfaces for connection to co-sited BTSs or other equipment. Sofix connectors with 4 E1s per connector is used to provide a high-density node. Note that there will always be 8 additional E1 ports available on the node processor (NPU 8x2)

AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units Leds STM-1 Line Termination Unit (LTU 155) Terminal multiplexer function 63xVC12s terminated to E1s MSP1+1 protection LTU 155 e/o and LTU 155 e Optical STM-1 Electrical STM-1 Line Termination Unit (LTU 155) The LTU 155 provides an SDH STM-1 terminal multiplexer for the Traffic Node. This interface provides an efficient interface with SDH equipment such as SDH ADMs or the MINI-LINK High Capacity.There are two versions of the LTU 155 plug-in unit: The LTU 155 e/o is available with two interfaces: One optical interface (short haul S nm, ~15 km) according to G.957 using SC/PC connector One electric interface according to G.703 using two SMZ 75 ohm. Equipped with coaxial-cable connectors. The line interface is CMI coded according to G.703. The LTU 155 e only has the electric interface. The LTU 155 terminates one STM-1 connection with 63 E1s. The E1s are terminated in the back plane for cross connection to other interface boards. For hardware and line protection, the LTU 155 provides MSP This requires two LTU 155 configured to work in an MSP 1+1 pair. When two LTU 155s are configured with MSP 1+1, only one set of 63xE1 connections is delivered to the back plane.

AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units Power Filter Unit 2 (PFU2) Power filter unit for AMM 6p -48V DC input Fan Unit (FAU2) Integrated fan unit AMM 6p Power Filter Unit (PFU2) The PFU2 is the Power Filtering Unit for AMM 6p. The PFU2 provides input under-voltage protection, transient protection, soft start and electronic fuse to limit inrush currents at start up, or over currents during short circuit. The power is distributed from the Power Filtering Unit (PFU2) in AMM 6p to the plug-in units through the back plane. The plug-in unit has a standard power module providing electronic soft start/short circuit protection, filter function, under voltage protection, DC/DC converter and a pre-charge function Fan Unit (FAU2) FAU2 is integrated in AMM 6p, and can not be excluded. FAU2 houses redundant fans.

AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units Power Filter Unit 1 (PFU1) Power filter unit for AMM 20p Two PFU1s can be used for redundancy PFU1 is half size to accommodate two PFU1s in one position -48V DC input Alarm interface towards FAU1 Power Filter Unit (PFU1) PFU1 is the Power Filter Unit for AMM 20p. PFU1 provides input under voltage protection, transient protection, soft start and electronic fuse to limit inrush currents at start up, or over currents during short circuit. The power is distributed from the Power Filtering Unit (PFU1) to the plug-in units through the back plane. The power system is redundant using two PFU1 units and redundant power bus. Each plug-in unit has a standard power module providing electronic soft start/short circuit protection, filter function, under voltage protection, DC/DC converter and a pre-charge function A redundant PFU1 can be extracted or inserted without affecting the power system. Alarms from the fan unit are imported into the Traffic Node through the alarm interface by connecting the alarm interface on the PFU1 with the corresponding interface on the fan unit.

AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units Fan Unit 1 (FAU1) Used for cooling in the AMM 20p Three fans for redundancy Two power interfaces for redundancy Alarm interface towards PFU1 Fan Unit (FAU1) The FAU1 is equipped with 3 fans for redundancy. It will provide sufficient cooling if one of the fans fails. The FAU1 has the following interfaces: -48V A. Power supply. -48V B. This is for redundant power supply. Alarm A. This interface is for exporting alarms from the FAU1 to the Traffic Node. Connection is done to the PFU1. Alarm B. This interface is for exporting alarms to the Traffic Node in the case where there are redundant PFU1s. Green LED indicating power on. Red LED indicating fan failure.

MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, Management tools and interfaces
LCT Local Management – Embedded Element Manager EEM is accessed with standard web browser Installation and configuration Fault location Performance Management Local software upgrade Launch of MSM for radio management of MMU2 and SMU2 CLI Interface: Industry-standard configuration of the DCN router Local Management The element management function of the Traffic Node concept is implemented as an embedded element management (EEM) application. This application resides on the node itself and is accessed using a standard web browser. The EEM provides tools for on site installation, configuration management, fault management, performance management and software upgrade for the NPU 8x2, LTU 16x2 and LTU 155. The EEM is also used to configure the traffic routing function, DCN and the 1+1 E1 SNCP groups in the Traffic Node. Advanced DCN routing is configured with a industry standard (Command Line Interface) accessed through the EEM/Telnet. When used on site, the EEM is accessed by connecting a PC with a browser to the NPU board directly with an Ethernet cable (or through the siteLAN) . Remote Traffic Nodes can be accessed through the DCN by entering their IP address as URL in the web browser. The EEM can be launched from MINI-LINK Manager for configuration of individual Traffic Nodes from the O&M center. The MINI-LINK Service Manager (MSM) is used for installation and field service of the medium capacity terminal in the Traffic Node. MSM is the same application that is used for the Classic indoor concept of MINI-LINK E. When working with the EEM using a web browser, clicking on a MMU or SMU2 in the Traffic Node starts the MSM program on the chosen MMU2/SMU2. The MSM gets access to the microwave parts of the Traffic Node using the same Ethernet cable connection as the web browser uses. Traffic Node EEM

Remote Management – Embedded Element Manager Launch of EEM on each node Configuration Fault location Performance Management Remote software upgrade Launch of MSM for radio management of MMU2 and SMU2 Remote Management The element management function of the MINI-LINK E is implemented as an embedded element management application (EEM). This application resides on the node itself and is accessed using a standard web browser. Remote nodes can be accessed through the DCN by entering their IP address as URL in the web browser. Management of the radio terminals in the node is handled by MINI-LINK Manager.The EEM can be launched from MINI-LINK Manager for configuration of individual Traffic Nodes from the O&M center. Traffic Node IP DCN EEM

Management Protocols Remote Management Local Management Management Protocols This slide shows various protocols used by the Traffic Node. All these protocols use IP. HTTP is used to access the embedded element manager, from remote as well as locally on site FTP is used for software download, from remote as well as locally on site GNM over IP is used to access the radio parts in the Traffic Node and also to access connected networks based on the Classic indoor concept of MINI-LINK E . SNMP is used by remote management systems that receive traps from the Traffic Node. An SNMP based manager can perform set and get operations on each node. Traffic Node IP DCN EEM HTTP, FTP, GNM over IP, CLI/Telnet HTTP, FTP, GNM over IP, CLI/Telnet, SNMP

MINI-LINK E, Traffic Node network
MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, Management tools and interfaces SNMP Interface NMS Industry standard SNMP interface supporting v1, v2, v3 This is an option when using own integrated management systems Standard MIB:s with extensions SNMP SNMP Interface The management architecture is based on an embedded SNMP agent and web technology for access to the built-in Management Information Base. This implementation supports standardized user interfaces and enables easy accessible information for higher layer management systems such as network managers and connection managers. MINI-LINK E, Traffic Node network

MINI-LINK Manager - Common platform for microwave transmission A common MINI-LINK Manager Single point of operator access Graphical network presentation Single point of integration Scalability by distribution One common microwave management system: MINI-LINK Manager is a flexible platform for managing all the Ericsson microwave products, i.e both MINI-LINK Point-to-point and Point-to-multipoint microwave systems Maximized network availability / Minimized maintenance costs: MINI- LINK Manager is a powerful, centralized operation and maintenance system. It provides functions such as Fault Management, Performance data, configuration of MINI-LINK equipment and enables you to reduce time to operation, reduce running costs and maximize network availability. This means detecting, localizing, and fixing faults quickly as well as minimizing labor, equipment and training costs. Unrestricted scalability: MINI-LINK Manager is built around a distributed and modular architecture that allows new network management capabilities to be added or expanded as the network expands. This means low initial costs and it is possible to pay as you grow.

MINI-LINK Manager - Network wide management features Fault management Configuration management Performance management Security management Remote software download Easy integration to higher management layers Network wide management features The MINI-LINK Manager is a management system for the complete portfolio of Ericsson’s MINI-LINK products. It can supervise networks of MINI-LINK E, MINI-LINK High Capacity, MINI-LINK BAS as well as future MINI-LINK products. MINI-LINK can also access the different network elements directly by launching of their local managers, e.g. embedded element managers or native configuration management tools. Fault Management - MINI-LINK Manager is a total Fault Management solution for microwave transmission networks, enabling monitoring and control of faults, alarms and other events. The network alarm status can be presented in three different ways; in the network view, graphical maps and the active alarm & event list. Configuration Management - Configuration Management for all network elements in the microwave network is provided via launching of an embedded Element Manager or of a native configuration application for each integrated system, for example MSM/Netman. Performance Management - The Performance Management application is a powerful and cost effective application providing the operator with a total picture of the network performance. It collects, stores and process data from all network elements, and produces customized reports on performance and network quality for operations, maintenance and planning Security Management - Security Management allows the operator to define who of the staff that have access to the microwave transmission network and who can give commands and change settings. Remote Software Download - New software revisions can be downloaded from MINI-LINK Manager to the network element. Easy integration to higher management layers - The following interfaces are used for exporting information from MINI-LINK Manager to higher order management systems and enables forwarding of data from all MINI-LINK product:s: SNMP, FTP, TL-1 and BNSI. MINI-LINK High Capacity MINI-LINK BAS MINI-LINK E

MINI-LINK E Traffic Node, Summary
Platform for next generation microwave networks Lower your network cost, while improving capacity and control Managed by MINI-LINK Manager Traffic Node concept, Summary Ericsson’s MINI-LINK microwave portfolio is driving the development of future microwave networks being committed to continuously introduce new, innovative products. The latest product introduction of Traffic Node gives operator’s a platform to grow in next generation microwave networks. MINI-LINK E is preferred PDH microwave radio in transmission networks, included in networks of the top-ten largest mobile operators around the world, with some 500,000 units being delivered and installed in more than 110 countries (March, 2003). Traffic Node provides a cost-effective way of migrating these networks towards higher capacities and increased flexibility and control. Being fully compatible with existing MINI-LINK equipment, the addition of the new features will be smooth and performed at low cost for the operator. The new Traffic Node concept is managed by the same management system as the rest of the MINI-LINK portfolio. The MINI-LINK family of products offers MINI-LINK High Capacity, MINI-LINK BAS and MINI-LINK E (Classic and Traffic Node concept). MINI-LINK Manager provides complete network management of the MINI-LINK portfolio.

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