MINI-LINK TN ETSI Technical

MINI-LINK TN ETSI Technical
MINI-LINK TN ETSI Technical Presentation This presentation gives an in-depth walkthrough of the MINI-LINK TN system functionality and hardware components for the ETSI market.

Our product offering MINI-LINK TN MINI-LINK Management MINI-LINK BAS
MINI-LINK HC Our product offering MINI-LINK is the world's most deployed microwave transmission system. The MINI-LINK TN product family is the latest addition, offering compact, scalable, and cost-effective microwave transmission. MINI-LINK TN is developed to be a successor of MINI-LINK E with a full range of features for compatibility and easy integration in existing networks. The MINI-LINK TN system combines advanced microwave radio features with integrated traffic routing, PDH/SDH multiplexing as well as protection mechanisms on link and network level. The software configurable traffic routing minimizes the use of cables, improves network quality and facilitates control from a remote location. With the high level of integration, rack space can be reduced by up to 70% compared to traditional solutions. Configurations range from small end sites with one single radio terminal to large hub sites where all the traffic from a number of southbound links is aggregated into one link, microwave or optical, in the northbound direction. Partner products MINI-LINK E

1st mile broadband access 2nd mile broadband access
MINI-LINK TN Applications 1st mile broadband access MINI-LINK TN is designed to fit in all major applications for microwave radio links Mobile networks 2nd mile broadband access

MINI-LINK TN Functionality Overview Product Overview
Microwave radio function Traffic routing function Circuit Management STM-1 Terminal Multiplexer function Ethernet function Protection mechanisms Synchronization Co-siting function Operation & Maintenance Data Communication Network Management Tools Product Overview Agenda This presentation gives an in-depth overview of the functionality provided by MINI-LINK TN, and in the end we will go through the hardware to see what boards and magazines that are available and to see how the functionality has been implemented in the system.

MINI-LINK TN Microwave radio function
C-QPSK 2-16xE1 7 GHz 8 GHz 13 GHz 15 GHz 18 GHz 23 GHz 26 GHz 28 GHz 32 GHz 38 GHz 16 QAM 4-32xE1 Microwave Radio function MINI-LINK TN offers far more flexibility than any other microwave radio system due to its flexible architecture. The integrated MINI-LINK TN radio terminals provides microwave transmission from 2x2 to 32x2 Mbit/s, operating within the 7 to 38 GHz frequency bands, utilizing C-QPSK and 16 QAM modulation schemes. It can be configured as unprotected (1+0) or protected configuration. Capacity increase has been a main driver when developing the MINI-LINK TN and increased capacity is gradually introduced. In fact 64xE1/128 QAM capacity is already supported by MINI-LINK TN considering the traffic handling capability and the new radio unit. MINI-LINK TN and MINI-LINK HC is sharing so many common parts that they can be considered as being one system (management system, radio units, antennas, accessories etc.). 128 QAM* 64xE1* * In combination with MINI-LINK HC indoor unit

Capacity and modulation agile radios One radio - 4 to 155 Mbit/s One radio - 4 to 128 QAM  Easy upgrades & logistics 2-16xE1 64xE1* Microwave Radio function Transmission flexibility takes quantum leaps with the latest technology introduced. The latest radio technology is capacity agile from 4 to 155 Mbit/s and from modulation agile from 4 to 128 QAM. As the new radio units fits all point-to-point modem units it offers easy capacity-upgrades between MINI-LINK products. It also introduces more efficient logistics. For MINI-LINK TN in particular the new technology is perfect fit as it will incorporate modem units of all capacities supported by the new radios. The new radio technology is commercially available in 7, 13, 15, 18, 23, 26, 28, 38 GHz. 4-32xE1 * In combination with MINI-LINK HC indoor unit

19 modems per subrack in AMM 20p 5 modems per subrack in AMM 6p 2 modems per subrack in AMM 2p Software configurable traffic capacity Microwave radio function 19 modems per sub rack in AMM 20p – 20 positions, where one is allocated by the NPU allows up to 19 slots available for expansion with any combination of circuit-boards e.g. all MMU:s. 5 modems per sub rack in AMM 6p – 6 positions, where one is allocated by the NPU, allows up to 5 slots available for expansion with any combination of circuit-boards e.g. all MMU:s. 2 modems per subrack in AMM 2p - 2 positions both available for modem units, allows AMM 2p to act as a repeater site or a protected microwave terminal. Software configurable traffic capacity – Modems are software configurable up to its maximum capacity (4 Mbit/s for MMU2 4, 8 Mbit/s for MMU2 4-8, 16 Mbit/s for MMU2 4-16, 34+2 Mbit/s for MMU2 4-34) Fully compatible with installed base of MINI-LINK E radios – Very important is that the new MINI-LINK TN modems interfaces towards existing radios (RAU1 and RAU2) which allows migration to a MINI-LINK TN site without having to change anything in the outdoor installations including the radio cabling. Likewise important is that also the air interface allows the combination of a MINI-LINK E on one end of the radio hop, and a MINI-LINK TN on the other side of the radio hop.

MINI-LINK TN Traffic routing function
Cross connection at 2Mbit/s level 400 E1 ports non blocking switching capacity, full duplex Software-controlled from management system Hardware redundant switching function nxE1 Traffic routing function MINI-LINK TN provides a traffic routing function that facilitates the issue of traffic aggregation. This function enables interconnection of all traffic connections via software. It means that an aggregation site can be realized using one AMM housing several Radio Terminals with all the cross-connections done in the backplane. Each plug-in unit connects nxE1 to the backplane, where the traffic is crossconnected to another plug-in unit. The E1s are unstructured with independent timing. One way of using this function at a large site is to cross-connect traffic from several Radio Terminals to one LTU 155 (63xE1) for further connection to the core network. At a smaller site, it is possible to collect traffic from several Radio Terminals with a low traffic capacity into one with a higher traffic capacity. The traffic routing function is controlled from the EEM, locally or remotely. The next slide symbolizes the benefits that can be achieved with the MINI-LINK TN traffic routing functionality.

Conventional solution Traffic routing function A microwave hub site’s main function is to collect traffic carried over microwave radio links from many sites and to aggregate it into a higher capacity transmission link through the access network towards the core network. The transmission link northbound may be microwave or optical. These hub sites have usually been realized by connecting individual microwave Radio Terminals with cables through Digital Distribution Frames (DDF) and external cross-connection equipment. MINI-LINK TN traffic routing functionality is designed to perform switching/aggregation of traffic between the different incoming radio links in a hub site. This means that cables, patch panels etc. can be removed from the site and thereby from the cost-sheet. The result is that a very high-density hub can be built, resulting in low footprint, reduced cost, reduced installation time as well as higher site reliability.

A microwave hub site’s main function is to collect traffic carried over microwave radio links from many sites and to aggregate it into a higher capacity transmission link through the access network towards the core network. The transmission link northbound may be microwave or optical. These hub sites have usually been realized by connecting individual microwave Radio Terminals with cables through Digital Distribution Frames (DDF) and external cross-connection equipment. MINI-LINK TN traffic routing functionality is designed to perform switching/aggregation of traffic between the different incoming radio links in a hub site. This means that cables, patch panels etc. can be removed from the site and thereby from the cost-sheet. The result is that a very high-density hub can be built, resulting in low footprint, reduced cost, reduced installation time as well as higher site reliability. Up to 70% size reduction

MINI-LINK TN Circuit Management
Enables full benefits of MINI-LINK TN’s traffic handling capabilities Highly efficient Operation and Maintenance Integrated network planning, test & design tools Continuous performance monitoring Connections handled by world-class manager Circuit Management As MINI-LINK TN is built with advanced traffic handling/routing functionality it can be managed with powerful management systems. Ericsson has a long experience from end-to-end management systems, knowledge and competence that has been taken advantage of when developing MINI-LINK TN management systems.The MINI-LINK Connexion application provides a way to provision end-to-end E1 connections in a network. This means that the full benefits from the traffic routing functionality can be utilized. Traffic set-up becomes faster, more flexible and more accurate. Faults can be identified and corrected faster and the planning process is simplified as the network can be planned in advance without the need for the actual network. This functionality is also available over a combined MINI-LINK and DXX network via the DXX Manager. For more information, see MINI-LINK Connexion User Manual.

Operation and maintenance Visibility of all media Fault management on trunk level Fault management on circuit level Fault reporting with all network details Automatic circuit routing by selecting the end points only Facilitates changes in circuit capacity and end point relations Circuit Management/Operation and maintenance All operations related to the E1 provisioning are done from a topology map with a graphical presentation of the E1 connections. Colour codes are used to visualize alarm status. Fault management is available on trunk and on circuit level resulting in very fast determination of what service that is affected by a specific network fault. Detailed alarm info and status are obtained by clicking on a connection on the map. For more information, see MINI-LINK Connexion User Manual.

Network design and planning Excellent support for network planning Build and route traffic for future expansions using the existing network information Test automatic recovery Perform transmission analysis Continuous performance monitoring Complete fault history Ask the database how traffic can be routed Network design and planning The off-line planning facility is very powerful as most work can be done by planning specialist well before installation. When network installation has been done, consistency check is performed by the system towards the database. A number of different reports can be extracted periodically or on demand to view performance data and statistics related to an E1 end to end connection. For more information, see MINI-LINK Connexion User Manual. Continous performance monitoring

MINI-LINK TN STM-1 Terminal Multiplexer function
Efficient interface between optical and microwave network Terminates full STM-1 payload Electric and optical interfaces MSP 1+1 for equipment and line protection W E SDH ADM STM-1 TM function - Efficient interface between optical and microwave network There are two common applications for the terminal multiplexer function of MINI-LINK TN: It is used at aggregation sites where the high capacity optical SDH network connects to the microwave network. The STM-1 terminal multiplexer is an effective interface using one STM-1 interconnection instead of nxE1. It is used for building high capacity microwave networks, with star- or ring topology, using MINI-LINK TN and MINI-LINK HC. (next slide)

MINI-LINK TN STM-1 Terminal Multiplexer function
Complete MINI-LINK microwave solution for 155 Mbit/s One management system to manage the complete site One installation team for the complete site STM-1 TM function - Complete MINI-LINK microwave solution for 155 Mbit/s Many microwave networks are built using PDH microwave links today. These networks are now being extended with higher capacities up to 155 Mbit/s and above. Many of the solutions offered on the market is not complete, but needs to be complemented with external equipment resulting in a mix of different vendor equipment on site. This leads to several management systems to manage the site and the network, as well as people with different competences to install and operate the network. MINI-LINK TN combined with MINI-LINK HC offers one homogenous microwave solution for PDH and SDH transmission, including the multiplexing to STM-1, all under one management system.

MINI-LINK TN Ethernet function
Broadband to everyone Easy to make money Proven product ADSL RSS Fiber/CWDM WDSL RSS Public WLAN Ethernet function Microwave radio can compared to media such as fiber and copper. Why should you use microwave radio instead of other media? - Low investment compared to digging. - PTP or PMP radios in licensed bands are very reliable. With proper planning availabilities of or even % are easily achieved. Fast rollout of broadband access. - Radio is almost always the quickest way to build out broadband. - Easy to build networks in markets without infrastructure - Infrastructure can easily be re-used. Many operators start by microwave transmission. If and when fiber is necessary, e.g. capacities > 310 Mbps, the fiber can be built were needed and the radio equipment can be reused further out in the network. - Flexible, pay as you grow. Capacities can start at a few Mbps and grow to 34 Mbps just through SW upgrades. By switching to a higher capacity radio you can get 155 Mbps. Adding still another radio will give you a total of 310 Mbps, more than sufficient transport capacity for most rural sites. DSLAM

Capacity flexibility 2-34 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s increments Carrier class Ethernet Low Delay, 1-2ms High throughput with small packages Priority queuing (optional) Transparent Ethernet transport Transparent for VLAN tags No MAC address filtering Powerful Management Ethernet function Capacity flexibility - MINI-LINK TN is based on a flexible architecture with advanced features for traffic handling. Ethernet connections are very easily handled, just choosing the 2 Mbit/s connections that shall be used. Capacities from 2 and up to 34, and in the future 120 Mbit/s, can be used. The Ethernet connection is set in 2 Mbit/s increments. Carrier class Ethernet - In order to handle real time services like Voice over IP and video conferencing over an Ethernet connection, a low delay and high throughput is essential. A problem often encountered with Ethernet equipment is that the throughput is largely decreased for small Ethernet packet-lengths. MINI-LINK TN Ethernet function has this covered and assures a high throughput also for small packet-lengths. To guarantee QoS to realtime critical applications, MINI-LINK TN Ethernet port handles traffic priority queuing according to IEEE 802.1p with eight priority levels and four queues in both upstream and downstream direction. High priority traffic is sent before low priority traffic. As this function is often performed by routers/switches outside of the microwave network, the mechanism can be turned off. Transparent Ethernet transport - The Ethernet bridge is transparent to all kinds of traffic including IEEE 802.1Q VLAN, MAC address based VLAN, VLAN tag ID based and untagged frames, frames with up to 2 VLAN tags or frames with ICS tag. Powerful Management - The Ethernet bridge is managed from the EEM/LCT, MINI-LINK Manager or an external SNMP based manager. The Ethernet bridge function on the NPU2 is turned off by default and can be activated from the management system. Performance statistics, for example packet loss, are available. Alarm information, such as link down, can also be retrieved. SNMP MIBII and RMON support for management (RFC 1493, RFC 1757) makes it easy to supervise the MINI-LINK TN Ethernet function from other management systems.

Ethernet bridge according to IEEE 802.1D with exception for self learning bridge and spanning tree Support for auto-negotiation of speed and duplex according to IEEE 802.3u Support for flow control according to IEEE 802.3x Auto MDI-MDIX (switching of Rx and Tx) Shielded RJ45 connectors with LEDs for network link, activity and rate selection Ethernet function The NPU2 in AMM 2p provides Ethernet bridge functionality for MINI-LINK TN. The Ethernet traffic is transported between two NEs in multiple E1s, over a single hop or through a network. The Ethernet bridge can be used to: - Connect two LANs or LAN clusters on remotely located sites. - Connect a remote LAN segment to the backbone. The IP traffic from the remote LAN is routed in the backbone to the appropriate termination point. The Ethernet bridge provides an IEEE 802.3u 100BASE-TX interface on the NPU2. An RJ-45 connector with support for shielded cable is used for connection to a LAN. The Ethernet bridge has auto-negotiation 10/100Mbit/s speed and full/half duplex. IEEE 802.3x flow control on the 100 Mbit/s ports is operating in full-duplex mode. The bandwidth of the Ethernet bridge is nxE1 where n=16. The number of E1 channels is configured from the management system. Load sharing is used between the different E1s in an Ethernet bridge connection.

MINI-LINK TN Protection
Microwave Propagation protection (Hot-/working standby) Redundant system architecture Separate traffic and control system Line & equipment protection (1+1 E1 SNCP; MSP 1+1; Microwave 1+1) Ring protection; 1+1 E1 SNCP (media independent) Protection With higher capacity demands, new requirements arise on the protection mechanisms supported in the network. MINI-LINK TN supports a wide range of protection mechanisms; Physical link (line) protection is supported by 1+1 Microwave radio protection and MSP1+1 for the STM-1 interface. E1 links between two MINI-LINK TN nodes can also be link protected using the 1+1 E1 SNCP. Equipment protection is supported by 1+1 Radio protection, MSP1+1 for the STM-1 interface and the redundant power in the AMM 6p/20p. Using 1+1 E1 SNCP can also provide equipment protection for LTU 16x2 between two MINI-LINK TN nodes connected by E1. Propagation protection on the microwave path: Hot Standby and Working standby configurations are supported with hitless switching. This is performed with the SMU2 interface board providing the protection of two MMU2:s. The latest release MMU2 C is capable of protection switching without any specific switch board. This gives a more compact solutions at the same time as MTBF is improved. Redundant bus architecture and hot-swap of plug-in boards: The resilience of MINI-LINK TN is very high, which is visible in the fact that also the traffic bus in the backplane of the node is redundant. The separation of traffic and control buses gives a very robust system where plug-in boards can be inserted and swapped while the node is in operation and no traffic in other areas of the nodes is affected. Ring protection (Network layer protection): is supported with 1+1 E1 SNCP. A unique and powerful feature in microwave networking. Normally, you as an operator would need to invest in very expensive equipment just to get this feature of increasing your network quality by building ring structures. Now, this can be done directly in your microwave platform. MINI-LINK TN enables ring protection on the E1s being switched in the node. As can be seen from the picture above, the ring protection is media independent which means that you can combine a microwave link in one direction with another media (copper, fiber etc.) in the other direction.

1+1 Microwave radio protection Physical link and equipment protection Hot or working standby MINI-LINK TN MINI-LINK E Modem function Modem function 1+1 Microwave radio protection A Radio Terminal can be configured for 1+1 protection. This configuration provides propagation protection and equipment protection on the MMU, RAU and antenna. Propagation protection may be used on radio links where fading due to meteorological and/or ground conditions make it difficult to meet the required transmission quality. Configurations for 1+1 protection can be in hot standby or working standby. In hot standby mode, one transmitter is working while the other one (tuned to the same frequency) is in standby, ready to transmit if the active transmitter malfunctions. Both radio units receive signals. When using two antennas, they can be arranged with space diversity. In working standby mode, both radio paths are active in parallel using different frequencies, realizing frequency diversity. Using two different frequencies improves availability, because the radio signals fade with little correlation to each other. Space diversity can be implemented as for hot standby systems. The following different protection cases can be identified: Tx Equipment Protection Working Standby, Tx Equipment Protection Hot Standby, Radio Segment Protection, Rx Equipment Protection The MMU2 of MINI-LINK TN provides the same protection mechanisms as the traditional MMU of MINI-LINK E and they are fully compatible with each other. The protection mechanism in MINI-LINK TN is provided by using two MMU interface boards and one MINI-LINK SMU2 (Switch and Multiplexing Unit). The MMU2 C modem is able to provide a protected configuration without the SMU2 unit. It is therefore a more compact solution, also improving MTBF. Modem function Modem function Switch function Switch function 2-17xE1

Local equipment failures
MINI-LINK TN Protection MSP 1+1 Local equipment failures External commands Physical link and equipment protection Uni-directional Permanently bridged Non-revertible Controller Detected failures Passive STM-1 MSP 1+1 The STM-1 interface supports Multiplexer Section Protection (MSP 1+1). This SDH protection mechanism provides both link protection and equipment protection. Its main purpose is to provide maximum protection at the interface between the microwave network and the optical network. MSP 1+1 requires two LTU 155 plug-in units configured to work in an MSP 1+1 pair, delivering only one set of 63xE1 to the backplane at a time. The unit intercommunication is done over the BPI bus. The switching is done automatically if SDH Signal Failure (SF) or Signal Degradation (SD) is detected or if local equipment failure is detected. The operator can also initiate the switching manually. The switch logic for MSP 1+1 is handled by the unit's Device Processor. STM-1 plug-in unit SDH equipment with MSP 1+1 STM-1 plug-in unit 63xE1 Active STM-1

Subnetwork 1+1 E1 SNCP Network layer protection on E1 level Physical link and equipment protection Signal is transmitted on two interfaces, receiver chooses the best of the two Switches on signal failure 1+1 E1 SNCP 1+1 E1 Sub-Network Connection Protection (1+1 E1 SNCP) is a protection mechanism used for network protection on E1 level, between two MINI-LINK TN NEs. It is based on the simple principle that one E1 is transmitted on two separate E1 connections (permanently bridged). The switching is performed at the receiving end where the two connections are terminated. It switches automatically between the two incoming E1s in order to use the better of the two. The decision to switch is based on signal failure of the signal received (LOS or AIS). At each end of the protected E1 connection, two E1 connections must be configured to form a 1+1 E1 SNCP group. An operator may also control the switch manually. The connections may pass through other equipment in between, provided that AIS is propagated end to end. The 1+1 E1 SNCP function is independent of the 1+1 radio protection and the MSP 1+1. Performance data is collected and fault management is provided for unprotected as well as protected E1 interfaces (that is the 1+1 E1 SNCP group). This gives accurate information on the availability of network connections. MINI-LINK TN Working Standby

nxE1 1+1 E1 SNCP – Ring Application 1+1 E1 SNCP Microwave rings of 17xE1, 32xE1 and 64xE1 capacity Media independent Support for asymmetric ring capacity Independent of MSP1+1 and 1+1 microwave protection PDH or SDH Microwave 1+1 E1 SNCP – Ring Application Microwave rings of 17xE1, 32xE1 and 64xE1: The 1+1 E1 SNCP mechanism described in the previous section can be used to design protected ring structures in the microwave network. In a ring topology, all nodes are connected so that two nodes always have two paths between them. An E1 connection entering a ring at one point and exiting at another point can therefore be protected with an 1+1 E1 SNCP group configured at each end of the connection. The traffic is sent in both directions in the ring and the traffic is received from two directions at the termination point. In a MINI-LINK TN network, these ring structures can be built using Radio Terminals with capacities of up to 32x2 Mbit/s. Using a MINI-LINK HC terminal and the LTU 155 (STM-1 interface), ring structures can be constructed with 155 Mbit/s capacity. This is a powerful mechanism for building protected microwave networks. Capacity is distributed a common feeder node to the ring nodes where it is dropped off to star or tree structures. The ring network can tolerate one fault without loosing data. When the fault occurs, all the connections are switched in the other direction. Fault tolerance: One line fault; Equipment fault on circuit boards; Equipment fault on entire node; Switching time: On line faults, less than 50 ms; On equipment fault, less than 2 s Media independent protection mechanism: Since the 1+1 E1 SNCP mechanism works on E1 level over the back plane it can protect any interface i.e.the media can in one direction could be e.g. 34 Mbit/s microwave while the other direction could be a fiber connection. Support for asymmetric ring capacity: As desribed above, the medias could be different and thereby also the capacity in the ring, since the ring protection work on lower granularity (i.e. E1:s) Independent of MSP1+1 and 1+1 microwave protection: The 1+1 E1 SNCP mechanism can be used as network protection simultaneously with the link protection scheme provided by MSP 1+1 and 1+1 E1 SNCP. 1+1 E1 SNCP nxE1 Working connection Standby connection

Protected System Architecture Redundant power bus and power supply Redundant traffic buses Separate traffic- and control system Tolerance for control system faults. Hot insert/Hot swap of plug-in units Software upload without disturbing traffic Protected system architecture MINI-LINK TN is designed to carry large amounts of traffic which makes it critical to implement a high degree of protection mechanisms. Threfore the traffic bus architecture is implemented as redundant. It has three buses in a 2:1 configuration. Two buses are used for active traffic and one is used as backup. Also power buses are made redundant. The power filter unit of the AMM 6p/20p can be configured for redundancy (using two power filtering units). They then connect to the redundant power bus. Furthermore , the separation between traffic and control buses means that software download, system faults or plug-in units swap does not affect the running traffic.

MINI-LINK TN Synchronization
PDH Unstructured E1 circuits with independent timing SDH E1s are mapped into VC12s at each Terminal Multiplexer using asynchronous mapping MINI-LINK TN complies to G.825 for all jitter/wander requirements When building networks with MINI-LINK TN and MINI-LINK HC, local oscillator and loop timing is used SDH network Loop timing MINI-LINK TN Synchronization MINI-LINK TN is designed to be a PDH node in the sense that it handles unstructured E1 circuits with independent timing. This means simplicity and less headache in terms of problems with jitter and wander in networks. Some things may have to be clarified about the usage of MINI-LINK TN together with MINI-LINK HC or other STM-1 radios.When the LTU 155 board of MINI-LINK TN is connected to MINI-LINK HC, MINI-LINK TN can be used to build PDH networks with SDH link technology. It is important to understand that this is not the same as building an SDH network using SDH ADMs. Different from a traditional SDH network, the SDH VC12:s are terminated in each LTU155 of MINI-LINK TN and the traffic applied on the backplane of the node is pure E1:s. No SDH synchronization is provided by MINI-LINK TN, and each STM-1 is its own SDH network with local oscillator in one end and loop timing in the other. MINI-LINK HC implements the Regenerator Timing function i.e. it sends at the receiving clock in both directions. This arrangement works since MINI-LINK TN complies to G.825 for the E1 circuits. Loop timing Local oscillator Loop timing Local oscillator MINI-LINK TN Loop timing MINI-LINK TN Local oscillator

MINI-LINK TN Co-siting function
Traffic interfaces : E1(x2); E2(x2); E3+E1 DCN output ports: E0(x2) Terminal server: V.24 MINI-LINK TN MINI-LINK E Co-siting function Co-siting function As a MINI-LINK microwave hub, MINI-LINK TN provides convenient co-siting interfaces towards MINI-LINK E. This enables reuse of existing equipment on the site. Traffic is connected from the E1, E2 or E3 interface in MINI-LINK TN to the corresponding interface on the MINI-LINK E terminal. An easy way of transporting MINI-LINK E O&M data over the MINI-LINK TN network is established by connecting the V.24 O&M of MINI-LINK E to the corresponding V.24 on MINI-LINK TN. To transport MINI-LINK TN O&M data, 2xE0 can be used as DCN outputs from MINI-LINK TN (not transport channels over MINI-LINK TN) to transport DCN over a MINI-LINK E network (provided by SAU Exp1/Exp2). Modem function E0 (x2) E1 (x2) E2 (x2) E3 (x1)

MINI-LINK TN Operation & Maintenance
Fault management Configuration management Performance management Software management Equipment handling Loop functions Bit Error Rate Testing Operation & Maintenance MINI-LINK TN provides powerful, simple to use tools for operation and maintenance of the network. Fault management Configuration management Performance management Software management Equipment handling Loop functions Bit Error Rate Testing

Fault Management/Fault localization All hardware and software is monitored Errors are mapped down to faulty replaceable unit Fault management/Fault localization All software and hardware in operation is monitored by the control system. The control system locates and maps faults down to the correct replaceable hardware unit. Faults that cannot be mapped to one replaceable unit result in a fault indication of all suspect units (this may be the whole NE). Hardware errors are indicated with a red LED found on each plug-in unit and RAU. The control system will generally try to repair software faults by performing warm restarts on a given plug-in unit or on the whole NE.

Fault Management/LED:s Green LED = Power On Red LED = Faulty unit Yellow LED = Plug-in unit ready for removal Plug-in unit front Fault management/LED:s All Plug-In Unit:s (PIU) is equipped with LED:s to show the status of the node. Each board also provides a board removal switch for controlled removal of PIU:s. When pressing the board removal switch, the control system releases the PIU so that it can be removed without any internal errors in the system. When the board is ready for removal, the yellow light turns on. If the board is not removed within 15 minutes, it is taken back into service. This to avoid problems when pressing the wrong switch. The consequence of taking a board out without using the board removal switch is that the node gets an internal error and performs a warm restart. This however does not affect traffic, it is just the system’s way of cleaning up. All plug-in units have a Board Removal Switch (BRS) for controlled removal.

Fault Management/User I/O 3 user input Configurable to normal open or normal closed 3 user output Both normal open or normal closed available Can be set manually by management system or configured to map to a given alarm severity Input to MINI-LINK TN MINI-LINK TN Fault management/User I/O The NPU 8x2 provides three User Input and three User Output ports. The User Input ports can be used to connect user alarms to the MINI-LINK management system. Applications like fire alarms, burglar alarms and low power indicator are easily implemented using these input ports. The User Input ports can be configured to be normally open or normally closed. User Output ports can be used to export summary alarms of the accumulated severity in the NE to other equipment’s supervision system. The User Output ports can be controlled by the operator or triggered by one or several alarm severities. The setup of the User Input/Output is done in the EEM. MINI-LINK Manager

Configuration Management Performed in Embedded Element Manager or by using SNMP interface Transmission interface parameters Traffic routing Traffic protection DCN configuration User I/O configuration Security parameters Configuration is stored non-volatile on MINI-LINK TN Configuration can be backed up and restored from FTP server Configuration management The configuration can be managed locally and from the O&M center provided that the DCN is set up. The following list gives examples of configuration areas: - Transmission interface parameters, such as PM alarm thresholds - Traffic routing - Traffic protection, such as 1+1 E1 SNCP, MSP 1+1 - DCN parameters, such as host name, IP address - Security parameters, such as enabling telnet, adding new SNMP users - Radio Terminal parameters, such as frequency, output power, ATPC and protection

Performance Management Measurements according to ITU G.826 15 minutes and 24 hours current intervals 1x24 hours previous and 96x15 minutes intervals Configurable thresholds for current PM data. Crossing of the thresholds is reported as alarms Performance management Performance management consists mainly of monitoring line and radio transmission quality. MINI-LINK TN supports performance management according to ITU-T recommendation G /99. The following performance counters are used: - Errored Seconds (ES) - Severely Errored Seconds (SES) - Background Block Error (BBE) - Unavailable Seconds (UAS) - Elapsed Time The performance counters are available for both 15 minutes as well as 24 hours intervals. The start time of a 24 hours interval is configurable. The following counters are stored in the NE: - Current 15 minutes and 24 hours counter • One 24 hours previous and 96 x 15 minutes previous intervals Performance data is stored in volatile memory, so that a restart will lose all gathered data. The EEM allows configuration of PM threshold values, enabling alarm generation when a threshold value is crossed.

Software Management MINI-LINK TN software can be upgraded while in operation (without disturbing traffic) Software download can be done on site or from the O&M center FTP is used to transfer software New plug-in units are upgraded automatically if they have incorrect software revisions Software management Software can be upgraded both locally and remotely. Software upgrade utilizes a local or remote FTP server to distribute the software to the NE. An FTP server is provided on the MINI-LINK Service Software CD used when installing software on site. The MINI-LINK TN system software consists of different software modules for different applications. All traffic continues while the software is being loaded. During the execution of the software download a progress indication is provided in the user interface. When the download is completed, the new software and the previous software version are stored on the unit. Performing a warm restart of the NE activates the new software version. A warm restart only affects the control system. This restart can be performed immediately or scheduled at a later time. The restart, depending on the new functionality, may influence the traffic. When the warm restart with the new software is completed, the NE will wait for a “Commit” command from the management system. When “Commit” is received, the software upgrade process is completed. The previous software revision remains stored on the unit in case a fallback is required. This may be the case if something goes wrong during the software upgrade or if no “Commit” is received within 15 minutes after the restart. If plug-in units with old software versions are inserted into the NE, they can be automatically upgraded.

Equipment Handling Plug-in units can be inserted, swapped and removed while in operation When changing a circuit board for repair, the new board automatically receives the configuration of the old board Equipment fault management with supervision of temperature, power, fan, system buses and processes Equipment handling The system offers several functions for easy operation and maintenance. - Plug-in units can be inserted while the NE is in operation. This enables adding new Radio Terminals or other plug-in units without disturbing existing traffic. - Plug-in units can be removed from the NE while it is in operation. - Each plug-in unit has a Board Removal button (BR). Pressing this button causes a request for removal to be sent to the control system. - When changing a plug-in unit, the new plug-in unit automatically gets the same configuration as the previous one (provided the change occurs within 15 minutes). - The system configuration is stored non-volatile on the NPU. The system can be backed up and restored using a local or central FTP server enabling NPU replacement. - When an RAU is replaced, no new setup has to be performed. - Various restarts can be ordered from the management system. A cold restart can be initiated for an NE or single plug-in unit. This type of restart is traffic disturbing. A warm restart is only available for the whole NE. This will restart the control system and will not affect the traffic. This is possible due to the separated control and traffic system. - Access to inventory data like software and hardware product number, serial number and version User defined asset identification is supported, enabling tracking of hardware.

Equipment Handling/Temperature Monitoring The temperature of all circuit boards is monitored with sensors Two levels of temperature violations High temperature threshold shuts down the circuit board’s control software without disturbing the traffic Excessive temperature threshold shuts down the entire circuit board Alarm notification on temperature violations Temp. Excessive temp. threshold Excessive temp. Equipment handling/Temperature monitoring All plug-in units are equipped with temperature sensors. Overheated boards, which exceed limit thresholds, are put in reduced service or out of service by the control system. This is to avoid hardware failures in case of a fan failure. The plug-in unit is automatically taken into normal operation when temperature is back below the high threshold. There are two thresholds: Crossing the high temperature threshold shuts down the plug-in unit’s control system (reduced operation). The traffic function of the plug-in unit will still be in operation. Crossing the excessive temperature threshold shuts down the entire plug-in unit (out of service). Temp. High temp. Supervision Hysteresis High temp. threshold Normal temp.

Bit Error Rate Tester (BERT) ITU standard O.151 Replaces external line testers Enables system verification Remote activation/de-activation One BERT (E1) per Plug-In Unit MINI-LINK TN BERT Bit Error Rate Tester Each NE has a built-in Bit Error Ratio Tester (BERT) in all plug-in units carrying traffic. The BERT is used for measuring performance on E1 interfaces according to ITU standard O.151. A Pseudo Random Bit Sequence (PRBS) with a test pattern 215 – 1 is sent on the selected interface. As with loop tests, bit error testing may be used for system verification or for fault location. The BERT is started and stopped by the operator and the bit error rate as a function of the elapsed time is the test result. The test can be started and stopped locally or remotely using the management system. Several BERTs can be executed concurrently with the following limitations: - One BERT per plug-in unit (two for LTU 155) - One BERT on a protected 1+1 E1 SNCP interface per NE Plug-in unit

AIS-Alarm Indication Signal
MINI-LINK TN Operation & Maintenance Loop functions/Line Loop MINI-LINK TN MINI-LINK TN Transmission link BERT AIS Loop functions This tests the transmission link between the two nodes. In this slide and the following, the BERT in MINI-LINK TN or an external line tester can be used. Loops can be used to verify that the transmission system is working properly or they can be used to locate a faulty unit or interface. The following loops are available on all plug-in units that carry traffic (NPU, LTU, and MMU). Connection Loop This loop can be initiated for an E1 or STM-1 (63xE1). Each E1 in the traffic connection is looped in the TDM bus back to its origin. If an E1 interface is traffic routed an AIS is sent to the other interface in the traffic routing. A Connection Loop can be used in combination with a BERT in another NE to test a network connection including the termination plug-in unit, in case a Local Loop cannot be used due to the lack of a traffic routing. Rx Loop This loop is similar to the Connection Loop but the loop is done in the plug-in unit close to the TDM bus, where a group of E1s in the traffic connection is looped back to its origin. The following loops are available on plug-in units with an E1 or STM-1 line interface (NPU and LTU). Line Loop Loops an incoming line signal back to its origin. The loop is done in the plug-in unit, close to the line interface. An AIS is sent to the TDM bus. A Line Loop in combination with a BERT in an adjacent NE is used to test the transmission link between the two NEs. Local Loop Loops a line signal received from the TDM bus back to its origin. The loop is done in the plug-in unit. An AIS is sent to the line interface. A Local Loop in combination with a BERT in another NE can be used to test a connection as far as possible in the looped NE. The following loops on the near-end Radio Terminal are supported in order to find out if the RAU or MMU is faulty. IF Loop In the MMU the traffic signal to be transmitted is, after being modulated, mixed with the frequency of a local oscillator and looped back for demodulation (on the receiving side). RF Loop In the RAU a fraction of the RF signal transmitted is shifted in frequency and looped back to the receiving side. In addition the Rx Loop can be used to verify the communication over the radio path. AIS-Alarm Indication Signal Plug-in unit

Loop functions/Local Loop MINI-LINK TN MINI-LINK TN Transmission link BERT AIS Loop functions This tests the transmission link between the two nodes. In this slide and the following, the BERT in MINI-LINK TN or an external line tester can be used. Loops can be used to verify that the transmission system is working properly or they can be used to locate a faulty unit or interface. The following loops are available on all plug-in units that carry traffic (NPU, LTU, and MMU). Connection Loop This loop can be initiated for an E1 or STM-1 (63xE1). Each E1 in the traffic connection is looped in the TDM bus back to its origin. If an E1 interface is traffic routed an AIS is sent to the other interface in the traffic routing. A Connection Loop can be used in combination with a BERT in another NE to test a network connection including the termination plug-in unit, in case a Local Loop cannot be used due to the lack of a traffic routing. Rx Loop This loop is similar to the Connection Loop but the loop is done in the plug-in unit close to the TDM bus, where a group of E1s in the traffic connection is looped back to its origin. The following loops are available on plug-in units with an E1 or STM-1 line interface (NPU and LTU). Line Loop Loops an incoming line signal back to its origin. The loop is done in the plug-in unit, close to the line interface. An AIS is sent to the TDM bus. A Line Loop in combination with a BERT in an adjacent NE is used to test the transmission link between the two NEs. Local Loop Loops a line signal received from the TDM bus back to its origin. The loop is done in the plug-in unit. An AIS is sent to the line interface. A Local Loop in combination with a BERT in another NE can be used to test a connection as far as possible in the looped NE. The following loops on the near-end Radio Terminal are supported in order to find out if the RAU or MMU is faulty. IF Loop In the MMU the traffic signal to be transmitted is, after being modulated, mixed with the frequency of a local oscillator and looped back for demodulation (on the receiving side). RF Loop In the RAU a fraction of the RF signal transmitted is shifted in frequency and looped back to the receiving side. In addition the Rx Loop can be used to verify the communication over the radio path. Plug-in unit

Loop functions/Connection Loop MINI-LINK TN MINI-LINK TN Transmission link BERT Loop functions This tests the transmission link between the two nodes. In this slide and the following, the BERT in MINI-LINK TN or an external line tester can be used. Loops can be used to verify that the transmission system is working properly or they can be used to locate a faulty unit or interface. The following loops are available on all plug-in units that carry traffic (NPU, LTU, and MMU). Connection Loop This loop can be initiated for an E1 or STM-1 (63xE1). Each E1 in the traffic connection is looped in the TDM bus back to its origin. If an E1 interface is traffic routed an AIS is sent to the other interface in the traffic routing. A Connection Loop can be used in combination with a BERT in another NE to test a network connection including the termination plug-in unit, in case a Local Loop cannot be used due to the lack of a traffic routing. Rx Loop This loop is similar to the Connection Loop but the loop is done in the plug-in unit close to the TDM bus, where a group of E1s in the traffic connection is looped back to its origin. The following loops are available on plug-in units with an E1 or STM-1 line interface (NPU and LTU). Line Loop Loops an incoming line signal back to its origin. The loop is done in the plug-in unit, close to the line interface. An AIS is sent to the TDM bus. A Line Loop in combination with a BERT in an adjacent NE is used to test the transmission link between the two NEs. Local Loop Loops a line signal received from the TDM bus back to its origin. The loop is done in the plug-in unit. An AIS is sent to the line interface. A Local Loop in combination with a BERT in another NE can be used to test a connection as far as possible in the looped NE. The following loops on the near-end Radio Terminal are supported in order to find out if the RAU or MMU is faulty. IF Loop In the MMU the traffic signal to be transmitted is, after being modulated, mixed with the frequency of a local oscillator and looped back for demodulation (on the receiving side). RF Loop In the RAU a fraction of the RF signal transmitted is shifted in frequency and looped back to the receiving side. In addition the Rx Loop can be used to verify the communication over the radio path. AIS Plug-in unit

MINI-LINK TN Data Communication Network
IP based DCN SNMP v1, v2, v3 IP router integrated in every node supporting OSPF IP over unnumbered PPP over radio hop and SDH overhead channels Automatic set up of DCN channels MINI-LINK TN terminal server functionality for access to MINI-LINK E sub-networks Data Communication Network IP based DCN - MINI-LINK TN provides an IP based DCN for transport of its O&M data. Each NE has an IP router for handling of the DCN traffic. A number of different alternatives to connect and transport DCN traffic are supported. This diversity of DCN interfaces provides the operator with a variety of options when deploying a DCN. SNMP v1, v2, v3 - The management architecture is based on an embedded SNMP agent and web technology for access to the built-in Management Information Base. This implementation supports standardized user interfaces and enables easy accessible information for higher layer management systems such as network managers and connection managers. IP router integrated in every MINI-LINK TN supporting OSPF – The built-in router allows any other equipment to connect to the site-LAN via an Ethernet connection. IP over unnumbered PPP over radio hop and SDH overhead channels – The use of IP addresses are limited. Using numbered interfaces for the PPP links would normally require the use of one IP subnet with two addresses for each radio hop. For a large aggregation site, this would imply a lot of addresses.The planning of the IP addresses is simplified and the amount of configuration is reduced. Automatic set up of DCN channels between MINI-LINK TN nodes –MINI-LINK TN has serial interfaces using point-to-point links towards the other end’s IP router using the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). These links are automatically set-up in various overhead channels when the IP router in the other end of the link is another MINI-LINK TN (provided that the transmission link is functioning). This simplifies significantly the configuration of the DCN during installation. Terminal server functionality for access to MINI-LINK E sub-networks– In order to convert MINI-LINK operation and maintenance data to the IP DCN concept.

Multiplexer/Repeater section
MINI-LINK TN Data Communication Network MINI-LINK Manager Ethernet or 2Mbit/s connection 128 kbit/s connection Multiplexer/Repeater section MINI-LINK TN MINI-LINK TN MINI-LINK HC Data Communication Network Each node has a 10 Base-T connection for management. (more info on separate slide). This is often an easy way to connect the MINI-LINK node to the operators network. For connection to nodes in other sites, MINI-LINK TN has serial interfaces using point-to-point links towards the other end’s IP router using the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). These links are automatically set-up in various overhead channels when the IP router in the other end of the link is another MINI-LINK TN (provided that the transmission link is functioning). This simplifies significantly the configuration of the DCN during installation. PPP links are available in MINI-LINK TN as: - Over Medium Capacity radio hops with a MINI-LINK TN in both ends, a PPP link is set up automatically on the service channels in the radio frame overhead. The default bandwidth is 2x64kbit/s. - Over High Capacity radio hops (or other STM-1 links) with a connected MINI-LINK TN in both ends, a PPP link is set up automatically in the multiplexer section overhead in the STM-1 overhead (DCCM). The default bandwidth is 192kbit/s. The bandwidths 384kbit/s and 576kbit/s are configurable. - For connecting two MINI-LINK TN nodes over Medium Capacity radio hops provided by additional MINI-LINK E equipment (i.e. not integrated in MINI-LINK TN), the PPP link can be set up on one or two 64kbit/s carried on a service channel in the radio overhead. - For connecting the MINI-LINK DCN to the operator’s LAN, a PPP link can be set-up on an unstructured E1. This solution is the alternative when Ethernet is unavailable on the site on the edge of the MINI-LINK network. The E1 can be terminated in a router in the other end in the operator’s O&M network. The E1 is transported through the high capacity radio access network the along with the rest of the E1s carrying traffic. 1.2 kbit/s connection MINI-LINK E, (cluster)

Default IP Address/OSPF Area
MINI-LINK TN Data Communication Network Internal OSPF router/Default IP Address Unnumbered IP interfaces Less IP addresses consumed Ethernet and PPP interfaces inherit the default IP address for the node Simple planning of IP addresses Less manual configuration Numbered IP interfaces Provided when advanced OSPF routing functions are needed Set-up using standardized Command Line Interface (CLI) MINI-LINK TN DCN Router Default IP Address/OSPF Area PPP interface PPP interface Ethernet interface PPP interface Inherits the default IP address Internal OSPF Router/Default IP address MINI-LINK TN supports both numbered and unnumbered IP addresses. Numbered IP addresses are used for the Ethernet interface and IP interfaces configured as ABR. All other IP interfaces should be set up with un-numbered IP addresses. The IP interfaces with unnumbered IP address inherit the characteristics of the Ethernet interface. The use of unnumbered interfaces has several advantages: - The use of IP addresses is limited. Using numbered interfaces for the PPP links would normally require using one IP subnet with two addresses for each radio hop. For a large aggregation site, this would imply a lot of addresses. - The planning of the IP addresses is simplified. - The amount of configuration is reduced because only one IP address is configured upon installation. The IP router supports the following routing mechanisms: - Open Short Path First (OSPF), which is normally used for routers within the MINI-LINK domain. - Static routing There are two different ways to configure the IP router. The idea is that the most common configurations are done using the EEM. When complex router configuration and troubleshooting is required, a Command Line Interface (CLI) is used.

Internal OSPF router/Serial Interfaces PPP DCC Radio Terminal 128 kbit/s to MINI-LINK TN (automatically set up) 1.2 kbit/s to MINI-LINK E DCC STM-1 Default bandwidth automatically established to 192 kbit/s in RSOH/MSOH Configurable to 384/576 kbit/s in RSOH/MSOH Automatically set-up between nodes DCC E1 One unstructured E1 used for DCN This PPP channel has to be established manually. DCC 2x64 kbit/s Internal OSPF Router/Serial interfaces PPP For connection to nodes in other sites, MINI-LINK TN has serial interfaces using point-to-point links towards the other end’s IP router using the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). These links are automatically set-up in various overhead channels when the IP router in the other end of the link is another MINI-LINK TN. This simplifies significantly the configuration of the DCN during installation. The available PPP links in MINI-LINK TN are: - DCC Radio Terminal: Each Radio Terminal provides a DCC of 2x64 kbits, transported in the radio frame overhead. Over Medium Capacity radio hops with MINI-LINK TN in both ends, a PPP link is set up automatically on the service channels in the radio frame overhead. The default bandwidth is 2x64kbit/s. For connecting two MINI-LINK TN over Medium Capacity radio hops provided by the traditional MINI-LINK E (i.e. not integrated in MINI-LINK TN), the PPP link can be set up on one or two 64kbit/s carried on a service channel in the radio overhead (using the co-siting function). - DCC STM-1: DCCR/DCCM overhead sections in the STM-1 frame can be used to transport DCN traffic. A PPP connection is established over the overhead segments between two end points. The default bandwidth is automatically established to DCCR=192 kbit/s and DCCM=192 kbit/s. DCCM is configurable to 384 kbit/s and 576 kbit/s. The implementation of the DCN transport over the overhead sections requires a MINI-LINK TN NE both ends. DCCR/DCCM can be used to connect to another MINI-LINK TN NE, while DCCR can be used to connect to MINI-LINK HC. - E1: One unstructured E1 can be terminated for transport of DCN traffic. It can be a fixed E1 connected to an NPU or LTU, an E1 transported in an STM-1 frame or an E1 transported over a radio link. The E1 is terminated in a router in the other end in the operator’s O&M network. This PPP channel has to be established manually. - 2xE0: The SMU2 provides 2xE0 (2x64 kbit/s) for DCN. The interface can be used for connection to MINI-LINK E equipment or external equipment.

Internal OSPF router/Ethernet Interface 10 Base-T Shielded 8-pin RJ45 Internal OSPF router/Ethernet Interface Each node has a 10 Base-T connection for management. This connection is used directly from a lap-top PC for local management of AMM 6p/20p. For local craft terminal connection to AMM 2p, an USB interface is located on the NPU2 and is used for LCT connection. If the site has a site-LAN, MINI-LINK TN uses the Ethernet connection to connect to this DCN network. For AMM 6p/20p an Ethernet hub/switch is normally added to the site to provide Ethernet ports for local craft operations, site LAN and other Ethernet services that may be present on the site.

DCN Services (Optional) IP DCN 10 Base-T FTP NTP DNS-DHCP MINI-LINK TN DCN Services The following standard external IP network services are supported: - All clocks, used for example for time stamping alarms and events, can be synchronized with a Network Time Protocol (NTP) server. - File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used as a file transfer mechanism for software upgrade, and for backup and restore of system configuration. - Domain Name System (DNS) enables the use of host names. - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is used to allocate IP addresses in the DCN. The NE has a DHCP relay agent for serving other equipment on the site LAN. Ethernet LCT

MINI-LINK TN MINI-LINK Management philosophy
Centralised Management MINI-LINK Manager/MINI-LINK Connexion MINI-LINK Management philosophy Ericsson can provide management solutions for all management layers: Customized solutions for Business Management, Service Management, and Network Management layers are provided as services. Off-the-shelf products are available for the Network Element Management and Element Management layers. The MINI-LINK management product portfolio includes software products for local management, e.g. LCTs – for installation and maintenance on site, as well as central management, e.g. Network Element Management – for everyday network maintenance on national or regional level. In addition we offer standardized northbound management interfaces to include MINI-LINK networks into an operator’s existing management system, e.g. Ericsson’s OSS-RC. The data communications network, DCN, is based on IP technology. Adaptations to other, non-Ericsson, network elements as well as system integration to other management systems can be offered as services. Northbound management interfaces to existing systems SNMP Local on-site management Embedded Element Manager

MINI-LINK TN Centralized Management
Efficient tools for management on node and circuit level Fault Management Performance Management Configuration Management Inventory Management Remote Software Upgrade Security Management System Administration Centralized management A Network Element Management System is capable of supervising a network from a centralized point. It provides fault management, performance management, configuration management and inventory management of equipment in the whole network. MINI-LINK Manager - a network element manager capable of supervising MINI-LINK C, MINI-LINK E, MINI-LINK TN, MINI-LINK HC, MINI-LINK BAS, and our complementary microwave products CityLink and Interlink. MINI-LINK Connexion - used for management of the network topology and end-to-end transmission connections in a MINI-LINK network, making full advantage of the new traffic handling features in MINI-LINK TN. MINI-LINK Connexion shall be seen as an optional extension to MINI-LINK Manager, which provides the fundamental network element management functionality for a MINI-LINK network.

MINI-LINK Manager - Common platform for microwave transmission Single point of entry for all Ericsson microwave products Integration of circuit alarm information from MINI-LINK Connexion High network availability Fast and accurate information Grow as network expands MINI-LINK Manager MINI-LINK Manager is the Network Element Manager for all Ericsson microwave radio products. It can either be integrated with a Network Management System (NMS) or used as a stand-alone system. From a single screen MINI-LINK Manager enables you to manage your entire fixed and mobile microwave transmission networks. It handles functions such as fault management, performance monitoring, configuration management and security management. Several users can access any part of the network through multiple clients and one client can view information of several servers. MINI-LINK Manager provides a user-friendly graphical interface of the network elements with a map as a background. MINI-LINK Manager handles MINI-LINK C, MINI-LINK E, MINI-LINK TN, MINI-LINK HC and MINI-LINK BAS. It also manages CityLink and Interlink via Nera NEW NMS.

MINI-LINK Connexion Network Editor - Build and display network elements graphically Network Router - Create and manage circuits throughout the network Circuit simulator - Simulates alternative routes and topologies Fault Manager - Fault monitoring, reporting and filtering services Performance Manager - Provides information on availability and network load Macro Manager - Enables faster repetitive actions MINI-LINK Connexion MINI-LINK Connexion is used for management of the network topology and end-to-end transmission connections in a MINI-LINK network, making full advantage of the new traffic handling features in MINI-LINK TN. MINI-LINK Connexion shall be seen as an optional extension to MINI-LINK Manager, which provides the fundamental network element management functionality for a MINI-LINK network. A number of powerful tools are available when using MINI-LINK Connexion (see earlier slides).

Network Element Management Network Element Management
MINI-LINK TN Centralized Management MINI-LINK Manager Minimum configuration One workstation/server (HW) RTU/RTC (SW) Standard configuration One or several workstations (HW) One or several servers (HW) RTU/RTC (SW) MINI-LINK Connexion MINI-LINK Manager MINI-LINK Connexion MINI-LINK Manager Circuit Connection Management Network Element Management Circuit Connection Management Network Element Management

Network Element Management Network Element Management
MINI-LINK TN Centralized Management MINI-LINK Connexion Minimum configuration One workstation/DB server (HW) One Com server(HW) RTU/RTC (SW) Up to 25 MINI-LINK TN Standard configuration One workstation (HW) Two servers, Com and DB (HW) RTU/RTC (SW) Up to 500 MINI-LINK TN MINI-LINK Connexion MINI-LINK Manager MINI-LINK Connexion MINI-LINK Manager Circuit Connection Management Network Element Management Circuit Connection Management Network Element Management

MINI-LINK TN Northbound Management interfaces
SNMP Industry standard SNMP interface supporting v1, v2, v3 Available in network elements as well as from MINI-LINK Manager A management option when using own integrated management systems Active alarm list and notification log for synchronization with management system NMS SNMP traps Fault management/SNMP Each NE provides an SNMP agent enabling easy integration with any SNMP based management system. The SNMP agent can be configured to support SNMP v1/v2c/v3 for get and set operations. SNMP v3 is default. The SNMP agent sends SNMP v1, SNMP v2c and SNMP v3 traps. The system is built on standard MIBs as well as some private MIBs. SNMP get Notification log and current alarm list

MINI-LINK TN Local Management
LCT Embedded Element Manager EEM is accessed with standard web browser Installation and configuration Fault location Performance Management Local software upgrade Launch of MSM for radio management of MMU2 and SMU2 CLI Interface: Industry-standard configuration of the DCN router Local Management The element management function is implemented as an Embedded Element Manager application. The EEM is accessed using a standard web browser. The EEM provides tools for on site installation, configuration management, fault management, performance management and software upgrade. It is also used to configure the traffic routing function, protection and DCN. For local management a Local Craft Terminal (LCT) is used, that is the EEM is accessed locally by connecting a PC to the NPU, with a crossed Ethernet cable (AMM 6p and AMM 20p) or a USB cable (AMM 2p). The EEM can also be accessed over the site LAN or remotely over the DCN, by entering an IP address as URL in the web browser. If DNS is available, the NE name is entered as a URL. A thorough description of the EEM functions is available as online Help and in the MINI-LINK TN Operation Manual. MINI-LINK TN EEM

MINI-LINK TN Functionality Overview Product Overview
Microwave radio function Traffic routing function Circuit Management STM-1 Terminal Multiplexer function Ethernet function Protection mechanisms Synchronization Co-siting function Operation & Maintenance Data Communication Network Management Tools Product Overview Agenda This presentation will cover a short introduction of MINI-LINK TN, followed by an in-depth overview of the functionality provided by the new nodes, and in the end we will go through the hardware to see what boards and magazines that are available and to see how the functionality has been implemented in the system. This following section will address more details on the hardware to see where the functionality has been implemented in MINI-LINK TN.

MINI-LINK TN Hardware components
AMM 2p / AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units / Accessories Magazine height 44 mm Two full height slot positions for modems Mandatory configuration includes AMM 2p magazine and NPU2 Fan unit required in certain scenarios AMM2p AMM 2p is suitable for end site and repeater site applications. It has two full height slots and two half-height slots and it houses one NPU2, one or two MMUs, and the optional LTU 12x2 and FAU4. AMM 2p can be fitted in a rack or on a wall. AMM 2p is power supplied by –48 V DC or +24 V DC, connected to the NPU2. The power is distributed from the NPU2 to the plug-in units, via the power bus in the backplane of the AMM. AMM 2p can be used with or without forced air-cooling, depending on configuration. Forced air-cooling is provided by FAU4, placed vertically inside the AMM. FAU4 holds three internal fans. If the indoor location has other fan units, which provide sufficient cooling through the AMM, the FAU4 can be omitted. However, air filters should be present in the cabinet door. Complete rules for cooling are available in MINI-LINK TN ETSI Product Specification and the Product Catalog.

AMM 2p / AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units / Accessories Node Processor Unit for AMM 2p (NPU2) Centralized node processor with DCN router, SNMP Master Agent etc. E1 interfaces for connection to co-located BTS 10/100 BASE-T Ethernet interface for management and traffic USB interface for local maintenance Node Processor Unit (NPU) The main control system functions in MINI-LINK TN are housed in the Node Processor Unit (NPU). One NPU is always required. Its functions are: Traffic handling, System control and supervision, DCN handling, SNMP Master Agent, 10BASE-T Ethernet interface for connection to a site LAN, Storage and administration of inventory and configuration data. There are also some specific functions associated with each NPU type as summarized. - (NPU2) 4xE1 for traffic connections, Filters the external power and distributes the internal power, USB interface for LCT connection, The Ethernet interface can be used for the Ethernet bridge application providing 10/100BASE-T(X) - (NPU 8x2) 8xE1 for traffic connections, The Ethernet interface is used for LCT connection, Three User Input ports, Three User Output ports 4x2 Mbit/s (120ohm) USB +24/-48 VDC 10/100 BaseT

AMM 2p / AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units / Accessories E1 Line Termination Unit (LTU 12x2) Used for additional E1s when NPU2 (4E1s) is insufficient 12xE1 interfaces, 120 Ohm G.703 Line Termination Unit (LTU 12x2) The LTU 12x2 has 12xE1 (120 ohm) interfaces for connection to co-sited BTSs or other equipment. A Sofix connector with 4 E1s is used . Note that there will always be four additional E1 ports available on the node processor (NPU2) Leds 4x2 Mbit/s (120ohm) 4x2 Mbit/s (120ohm) 4x2 Mbit/s (120ohm)

AMM 2p / AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units / Accessories Magazine height: 150 mm Two half height positions for power and fan unit One full height slot dedicated for node processor Five full height slot positions for any plug-in unit Mandatory configuration includes AMM 6p magazine, NPU1, PFU2 and FAU2 AMM6p AMM 6p is suitable for medium size hub sites. It has six full-height slots and two half-height slots and it houses one NPU 8x2, one PFU2 and one FAU2. The remaining slots are equipped with MMUs or LTUs. Protected pairs, for example two MMUs in a protected (1+1) Radio Terminal, are positioned in adjacent slots starting with an even slot number. AMM 6p provides full non-blocking traffic routing possibilities for up to 5 plug-in unit (microwave terminals, STM-1 multiplexers, E1 connection etc.) as well as powerful protection mechanisms for all types of traffic. AMM 6p is power supplied by –48 V DC, connected to the PFU2. The power is distributed from the PFU2 to the other units, via the power bus in the backplane of the AMM. Using the PSU DC/DC kit enables connection to a +24 V DC power supply. PFU2 has one –48 V DC connector for external power supply.PFU2 provides input under voltage protection, transient protection, soft start and electronic fuse to limit inrush currents at start-up, or over currents during short circuit. Forced air-cooling is always required and provided by FAU2, which holds two internal fans. The air enters at the front on the right hand side of the AMM and exits at the rear on the left hand side of the AMM.

AMM 2p / AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units / Accessories Power Filter Unit 2 (PFU2) -48V DC input on PFU2 +24V DC via external converter Redundant power unit available Fan Unit (FAU2) Integrated fan unit for AMM 6p Power Filter Unit (PFU2) AMM 6p is power supplied by –48 V DC, connected to the PFU2. The power is distributed from the PFU2 to the other units, via the power bus in the backplane of the AMM. Using the PSU DC/DC kit enables connection to a +24 V DC power supply. PFU2 has one –48 V DC connector for external power supply.PFU2 provides input under voltage protection, transient protection, soft start and electronic fuse to limit inrush currents at start-up, or over currents during short circuit. Fan Unit (FAU2) Forced air-cooling is always required and provided by FAU2, which holds two internal fans. The air enters at the front on the right hand side of the AMM and exits at the rear on the left hand side of the AMM.

AMM 2p / AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units / Accessories Magazine height: 300mm Two half height positions for protected or unprotected power One full height slot dedicated for node processor Nineteen full height positions for any plug-in unit Mandatory configuration includes AMM 20p magazine, NPU1 and PFU1 AMM 20p The AMM 20p is suitable for large size hub sites, for example at the intersection between the optical network and the microwave network. It has 20 full-height slots and two half-height slots and it houses one NPU 8x2 and one or two PFU1. The remaining slots are equipped with MMUs or LTUs. Protected pairs, for example two MMUs in a protected (1+1) Radio Terminal, are positioned in adjacent slots starting with an even slot number. A cable shelf is fitted directly underneath the AMM to enable neat handling of cables connected to the fronts of the plug-in units. An FAU1 is fitted on top of the AMM unless forced air-cooling is provided. An air guide plate is fitted right above the FAU1. AMM 20p is power supplied by –48 V DC, connected to the PFU1 or via an Interface Connection Field (ICF1). The power is distributed from the PFU1 to the plug-in units, via the power bus in the backplane of the AMM. The power system is made redundant using two PFU1s, utilizing the redundant power bus. Using the PSU DC/DC kit enables connection to +24 V DC power supply. The ICF1 is not used in this installation alternative. PFU1 has one –48 V DC connector for external power supply and one connector for import of alarms from FAU1, since FAU1 is not connected to the AMM backplane. PFU1 provides input under voltage protection, transient protection, soft start and electronic fuse to limit inrush currents at start-up, or over currents during short circuit. A redundant PFU1 can be extracted or inserted without affecting the power system. Forced air-cooling is provided by FAU1, fitted directly above the AMM. The air enters through the cable shelf, flows directly past the plug-in units and exits at the top of the AMM through the air guide plate. If the indoor location has other fan units, which provide sufficient cooling through the AMM, the FAU1 can be omitted. However, air filters should be present in the cabinet door. Complete rules for cooling are available in MINI-LINK TN ETSI Product Specification and the Product Catalog.

AMM 2p / AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units / Accessories Fan Unit 1 (FAU1) Used for cooling in the AMM 20p Three fans for redundancy Two power interfaces for redundancy Alarm interface towards PFU1 Fan Unit (FAU1) Forced air-cooling is provided by FAU1, fitted directly above the AMM. The air enters through the cable shelf, flows directly past the plug-in units and exits at the top of the AMM through the air guide plate. If the indoor location has other fan units, which provide sufficient cooling through the AMM, the FAU1 can be omitted. However, air filters should be present in the cabinet door. Complete rules for cooling are available in MINI-LINK TN ETSI Product Specification and the Product Catalog. FAU1 has an automatic fan speed control and holds three internal fans. FAU1 has two –48 V DC connectors for redundant power supply. Two connectors are also available for export of alarms to PFU1.

AMM 2p / AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units / Accessories Power Filter Unit 1 (PFU1) Half size to accommodate two units in one full-height position Two PFU1s configured for redundancy Alarm interface towards FAU1 -48V DC input on PFU1 +24V DC via external converter Power Filter Unit (PFU1) AMM 20p is power supplied by –48 V DC, connected to the PFU1 or via an Interface Connection Field (ICF1). The power is distributed from the PFU1 to the plug-in units, via the power bus in the backplane of the AMM. The power system is made redundant using two PFU1s, utilizing the redundant power bus. Using the PSU DC/DC kit enables connection to +24 V DC power supply. The ICF1 is not used in this installation alternative. PFU1 has one –48 V DC connector for external power supply and one connector for import of alarms from FAU1, since FAU1 is not connected to the AMM backplane. PFU1 provides input under voltage protection, transient protection, soft start and electronic fuse to limit inrush currents at start-up, or over currents during short circuit. A redundant PFU1 can be extracted or inserted without affecting the power system. A redundant PFU1 can be extracted or inserted without affecting the power system. Alarms from the fan unit are imported into MINI-LINK TN through the alarm interface by connecting the alarm interface on the PFU1 with the corresponding interface on the fan unit.

AMM 2p / AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units / Accessories Node Processor Unit for AMM 6p/AMM 20p (NPU 8x2) Centralized node processor with DCN router, SNMP Master Agent etc. 10 BASE-T Ethernet interface for management E1 interfaces for local add-drop User In-/Output signals Node Processor Unit (NPU) The main control system functions in MINI-LINK TN are housed in the Node Processor Unit (NPU). One NPU is always required. Its functions are: Traffic handling, System control and supervision, DCN handling, SNMP Master Agent, 10BASE-T Ethernet interface for connection to a site LAN, Storage and administration of inventory and configuration data. There are also some specific functions associated with each NPU type as summarized. - (NPU2) 4xE1 for traffic connections, Filters the external power and distributes the internal power, USB interface for LCT connection, The Ethernet interface can be used for the Ethernet bridge application providing 10/100BASE-T(X) - (NPU 8x2) 8xE1 for traffic connections, The Ethernet interface is used for LCT connection, Three User Input ports, Three User Output ports

AMM 2p / AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units / Accessories Modem Unit (MMU2) C-QPSK modulation Software-configurable capacity; 4-34 Mbit/s Compatible over the air with MINI-LINK E 1+1 protection via SMU2 Modem unit (MMU2) MINI-LINK TN modem units are capacity-agile. The architecture of the node means that all plug-in units demultiplexes E1:s towards the back plane of the node. This functionality means that no SMU are needed to support the higher capacities in 1+0 configuration (compare MINI-LINK E). Since traffic in most cases goes through the node via the back plane to another plug-in unit, no traffic interfaces are available on the modem unit. The only connectors available on the front are the radio cable connection and the O&M port. The O&M port is used for Local Software Upgrade (LSU) and it can also be used for direct MSM connections. MSM connection is however normally done through the Ethernet connection on the NPU using the access server in the node.

AMM 2p / AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units / Accessories Modem Unit (MMU2 C) C-QPSK/16 QAM modulation agilitiy Software-configurable capacity; 8-64 Mbit/s Compatible over the air with MINI-LINK E* 1+1 protection without SMU2 Modem unit (MMU2 C) A traffic capacity and modulation agile plug-in unit, used for the following modulation schemes and traffic capacities in Mbit/s: C-QPSK (2x2, 4x2, 8x2, 17x2) and 16 QAM (8x2, 17x2, 32x2) C-QPSK and 16 QAM modems have the same functionality regarding mechanics and interfaces. * In C-QPSK mode

AMM 2p / AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units / Accessories Switch Multiplexer Unit (SMU2) Triple function plug-in unit Two MMU2s and one SMU2 for 1+1 protection External channelized 34 Mbit/s interfaces Co-siting interfaces with MINI-LINK E Switch Multiplexer Unit (SMU2) An SMU2 can be fitted in an AMM 6p or AMM 20p to interface MINI-LINK E equipment on the same site. All the traffic capacities are multiplexed/demultiplexed to nxE1 for connection to the MINI-LINK TN TDM bus. The board is used for microwave protection, E3 interface as well as co-siting functionality. The following interfaces are provided: Traffic: (1xE3+1xE1) or (1xE2 or 2xE2) or 2xE1 DCN outputs: 2xE0 used for IP DCN (typically connected to SAU Exp 1/Exp 2 of MINI-LINK E) DCN input: V.24 access server (typically connected to MINI-LINK E O&M port)

AMM 2p / AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units / Accessories E1 Line Termination Unit (LTU 16x2) Used for additional E1s when NPU 8x2 is insufficient 16xE1 interfaces, 120 Ohm G.703 Line Termination Unit (LTU 16x2) The LTU 16x2 has 16xE1 (120 ohm) interfaces for connection to co-sited BTSs or other equipment. Sofix connectors with 4 E1s per connector is used to provide a high-density node. Note that there will always be 8 additional E1 ports available on the node processor (NPU 8x2)

AMM 2p / AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units / Accessories STM-1 Line Termination Unit (LTU 155) Terminal multiplexer function 63xVC12s terminated to E1s MSP1+1 protection LTU 155 e/o and LTU 155 e Line Termination Unit (LTU 155) The LTU 155 provides a channelized STM-1 Terminal Multiplexer (TM) interface. This interface terminates one STM-1 with 63xE1 mapped asynchronously into 63xVC-12. There are two typical applications: - At aggregation sites where the high capacity optical SDH network connects to the microwave network. The LTU 155 provides an efficient interface using one STM-1 interconnection instead of nxE1. - To build high capacity microwave networks, with for example ring topology, using MINI-LINK TN and MINI-LINK HC in combination. The LTU 155 terminates one STM-1 connection with 63xE1 towards the backplane for traffic routing to other plug-in units. The LTU 155 fits in an AMM 6p and AMM 20p. The LTU 155 can be configured to run both local oscillator and loop timing. The terminating end can be either another LTU 155 or an ADM. One of the termination points in the STM-1 link is configured as master and is set up to provide synchronization from a local oscillator. The synchronization information is transported in the Tx part of STM-1 link to the terminating end. The terminating end is configured to loop timing and reuses the incoming sync on the outgoing link (Tx). There may be multiple regeneration points between the two STM-1 termination points. Additional bit stuffing in the VC-12 container adjusts the speed of the incoming E1 and the STM-1 clock. There are two versions of this board - LTU 155e/o with one optical interface (short haul S-1.1) and one electrical interface (G.703) and LTU 155e with one electrical interface (G.703).

AMM 2p / AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units / Accessories Traffic termination/Pre-fabricated cables 120 Ohm, 6.0 meter pre-fabricated cables with one open end Connects direct to Sofix interfaces on NPUx/LTUx Easy way to connect to existing patch panels on site Traffic Termination/Pre-fabricated cables MINI-LINK TN uses 120 Ohm SOFIX connectors for E1 traffic connections on the plug-in units. SOFIX is a high-density connector holding four E1s per connector. It is optimized to occupy minimal space on the plug-in unit fronts, thereby enabling very compact site solutions. Pre-fabricated cables is provided to connect directly to the front of the units in the AMM. This makes it fast and efficient to connect traffic to existing patch panels on site.

AMM 2p / AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units / Accessories Traffic termination/Interface panels Sofix interface conversion 120 Ohm/DSUB and 75 Ohm/SMZ Particularly useful for 75 Ohm applications Traffic Termination/Interface Connection Field MINI-LINK TN uses 120 Ohm SOFIX connectors for E1 traffic connections on the plug-in units. SOFIX is a high-density connector holding four E1s per connector. It is optimized to occupy minimal space on the plug-in unit fronts, thereby enabling very compact site solutions. As an alternative to direct cable connection to the units in the AMM, an Interface Connection Field (ICF) can be used. The ICF holds pre-assembled cables holding connectors to the AMM in one end, and one or several connectors with standard interaces in the other end. The ICF is fitted above or below the AMM. The ICFs are available with 120 Ohm (9-pin D-sub) or 75 Ohm (SMZ) E1 traffic connectors. Dedicated ICFs are available for AMM 6p, AMM 20p and LTU16x2. For further details on connectors, see MINI-LINK TN ETSI Product Specification and MINI-LINK TN ETSI Indoor Installation Manual. ICF1 120 Ohm for AMM 20p ICF2 120 Ohm for AMM 6p ICF16x2 120 Ohm for LTU16x2

AMM 2p / AMM 6p / AMM 20p / Plug-in Units / Accessories Outdoor solution for AMM 2p/AMM 6 Easy to install Reliable Flexible Outdoor solution for AMM 2p/6p An all-outdoor for AMM 2p and AMM 6p is available. The solution is temperature controlled.

MINI-LINK TN Hardware components/Summary
Magazines Plug-in units Power unit Node Processor Switch and co-siting interface Line Terminal Unit STM-1 Terminal Mux Modem Unit 4-34 Modem Unit 8-64 2p 6p Hardware Components/Summary See picture above for a summary of the main hardware components of the MINI-LINK TN system architecture. 20p

MINI-LINK TN Hardware components/Summary
MMU2 (Modem Unit) SMU2 (Switch Multiplexer Unit) LTU 16x2 (Line Termination Unit) LTU 155 (Line Termination Unit) NPU (Node Processor Unit) PFU (Power Filter Unit) MINI-LINK TN, terminal configurations The picture shows examples of how plug-in units can be placed inside the MINI-LINK TN system. Note that all full-height boards can be placed a any free position, the only exception being the NPU.

Fixed, mobile and broadband applications Efficient Management Systems
MINI-LINK TN Microwave transmission from an end-to-end perspective Any frequency, capacity and modulation Nodes designed for networks CAPACITY Fixed, mobile and broadband applications Efficient Management Systems Microwave transmission from an end-to-end perspective MINI-LINK TN is a new generation microwave radio system. It is designed from a network perspective, capable of meeting new demands in terms of increased capacity and control with lowest possible cost-of-ownership.

MINI-LINK TN Summary Platform for next generation microwave networks
Lower your network cost, while improving capacity and control Managed by MINI-LINK Manager MINI-LINK TN, Summary Ericsson’s MINI-LINK microwave portfolio is driving the development of future microwave networks being committed to continuously introduce new, innovative products. The latest product introduction of MINI-LINK TN gives operator’s a platform to grow in next generation microwave networks. MINI-LINK TN is managed by the same management system as the rest of the MINI-LINK portfolio. The MINI-LINK family of products offers MINI-LINK HC, MINI-LINK BAS, MINI-LINK E and MINI-LINK TN. MINI-LINK Manager provides complete network management of the MINI-LINK portfolio.

MINI-LINK TN ETSI Technical

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