1. Liver Cancer

2. Basic Function: The liver is a vital organ
Wide range of functions, including detoxification, glycogen storage, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion, decomposition of red blood cells
It produces bile, an alkaline compound which aids in digestion via the emulsification of lipids

3. Anatomy
Liver is both the largest internal organ and the largest gland in the human body
Connected to two large blood vessels (hepatic artery and portal vein)
Hepatic artery carries blood from the aorta
Portal vein carries blood containing digested nutrients from the entire gastrointestinal tract and also from the spleen and pancreas

4. Anatomy
The falciform ligament divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe
Cantlie's Line: an imaginary line that passes to the left of the vena cava all the way forward and sections the gallblader into two halfs
The central area where the CBD, PV, and hepatic artery proper enter is the hilum or "porta hepatis”

6. Couinaud segment

7. Hepatocellular carcinoma
HCC is the most common type of liver cancer
Most cases of HCC are secondary to either a viral hepatitis infection (hepatitis B or C) or cirrhosis (alcoholism being the most common cause of hepatic cirrhosis)
Abdominal pain, especially in the right upper quadrant, N/V, or fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss,
Ascites, easy bruising from blood clotting abnormalities and jaundice

8. Liver cancer

9. Risk factors Alcoholism Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Aflatoxin Cirrhosis
Hemochromatosis
Type 2 Diabetes (probably aided by obesity)

10. Diagnosis
LFT
Alfa-fetoprotein
U/S CT
MRI

11. Staging size involvement of liver vessels presence of a tumor capsule
presence of extrahepatic metastases
presence of daughter nodules
vascularity of the tumor
(MRI is the best imaging method to detect the presence of a tumor capsule)

12. Treatment Liver transplantation Surgical resection
Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI)
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE)
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)
Radiation
Chemotherapy ( esp.receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Sorafenib)

13. Prevention Hepatitis B vaccination against hepatitis B
Alcohol consumption is to be avoided
Food

14. Thank you