1. 12 Inclusive Recreation, Fitness, and Physical Activity
Chapter 12
chapter 12
Inclusive Recreation, Fitness, and Physical Activity
Inclusive Recreation, Fitness, and Physical Activity
Author name here for Edited books
Sheila Swann-Guerrero and Amy Rauworth

2. A community that excludes even one of its members is no community at all.
–Dan Wilkins

3. Physical Activity Importance of physical activity Required amounts
Improves health and quality of life
Physical and psychological benefits
Prevention of obesity and disease
Secondary conditions
Required amounts
U.S. Surgeon General
2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans

4. Inclusive Fitness Inclusive Fitness Coalition:
Includes all community members
The right to participate
A shared community value
Self-advocacy is critical

5. Defining Disability to Promote Inclusive Fitness
Definitions vary by purpose
A social model perspective
The loss or limitation of opportunities to take part in the normal life of the community on an equal level with others due to physical and social barriers
Views magnitude of disability in relation to person’s interaction with societal attitudes and environment.

6. Physical Activity Participation and Barriers
Barriers are so extensive that they discourage participation
Major barriers
Pain, fatigue, deconditioning
Inaccessible recreation and fitness environments (see figure 12.1)
Knowledge and attitude
Programmatic factors
The proactive professional

7. Figure 12.1a
Figure 12.1a Before the fitness center makeover and . . .

8. Figure 12.1b
Figure 12.1b after the makeover, with access for all.

9. The ICF
Provides a framework for describing health and health related states.
Considers these factors in participants:
Body functions and structures
Activities and participation
Interaction between environmental factors and personal factors
Programmatic uses
Needs assessment
Outcome evaluation

10. Strategies for Developing Fitness Programs
Fostering motivations
Motivational interviewing
Focuses on motivation, not information
Considerations for assisting people with disabilities.
Communication
Etiquette
Behavior
(continued)

11. Strategies for Developing Fitness Programs (continued)
Considerations for assisting others:
Universal approach
Client centered
Pain
Fatigue

12. Basics of Exercise and Disability
U.S. Department of Health and Senior Services physical activity guidelines
Adults: 2.5 hours of moderate physical activity a week.
Kids: 1 hour or more of moderate physical activity per day.
(continued)

13. Basics of Exercise and Disability (continued)
Adults with disabilities who are able:
2.5 hours of moderate activity per week OR
1.25 hours of vigorous activity per week
Muscle strengthening activities 2+ days per week
When unable, adapt to fitness abilities and avoid inactivity.

14. Designing Plans for People with Disabilities
Assess the participants’ fitness and ability.
Learn precautions and contraindications.
Medical history and health status
Medications
Blood pressure
Check for restricted range of motion.
Consider emotional and behavioral status.
Keep in mind impact of ability.
(continued)

15. Designing Plans (continued)
Monitor rating of perceived exertion
Clothing, hydration, sickness
Adhere to typical stages of exercise
Stop immediately if abnormal symptoms:
Dizziness
Nausea
Clammy hands
Shortness of breath

16. Components of a Comprehensive Exercise Program
Cardiorespiratory endurance
Muscular strength and endurance
Flexibility
Body composition
Balance
Pulmonary function
Provide equipment that allows adjustments to be made to allow access to everyone who comes to the fitness center.

17. Accessible Environments
Usable equipment
Swing-away or removable seating
Velcro straps or additional supports
Ensure use is safe
Body positioning
Uncontrolled movements
(continued)

18. Accessible Environments (continued)
Potential usefulness
Can the participant perform at least one repetition of the exercise?
Alternative equipment and activities
Elastic bands, wrist or ankle weights
Aquatics, yoga, tai chi, gardening
Choosing the environment
Home vs. gym
Fee considerations
Aquatic vs. land environment

19. Assessments and Activities
Graded exercise testing
VO2max
Maximal vs. peak oxygen consumption
Muscular strength and endurance
One-repetition max
Number of reps performed in a minute
Number of submax reps performed until fatigue
(continued) .

20. Assessments and Activities (continued)
Body composition
BMI to assess overweight or obesity
BMI may not be valid indicator for SCI
Flexibility (range of motion)
Goniometers and electrometers
Tape measures and sit-and-reach
Balance assessment
Seated and standing
Static and dynamic

21. Summary Everyone benefits from physical activity.
People with disabilities encounter barriers that often prevent full participation.
These barriers affect their right to a healthy lifestyle.
Recreation facilities and fitness professionals have an opportunity to address this inequity.