1. Imperialism: Crash Course World History #35 - YouTube
CHAPTER 19 Internal Troubles, External Threats: China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan 1800–1914
Imperialism: Crash Course World History #35 - YouTube

2. 1. became the center of the world economy
A. The nineteenth century was Europe’s greatest age of global expansion.
1. became the center of the world economy
2. millions of Europeans moved to regions beyond Europe (European migration)
3. explorers and missionaries reached nearly everywhere
4. much of the world became part of European colonies (By 1914, 85% of the world was under Western control)

3. 1. military might and political ambitions of rival European states
Most peoples of Asia, Middle East, Africa, and Latin America had to deal in some way with European imperialism. Four main dimensions of European imperialism confronted these societies:
1. military might and political ambitions of rival European states
2. involvement in a new world economy that radiated from Europe
3. influence of aspects of traditional European culture (e.g., language, religion, literature)
4. engagement with the culture of modernity

4. B. New Motives, New Means
1. the Industrial Revolution fueled much of Europe’s expansion. The need for:
Raw Materials
New Markets

5. B. New Motives, New Means
2. growth of mass nationalism in Europe made imperialism broadly popular
a. Italy and Germany unified by 1871
b. colonies were a status symbol

6. B. New Motives, New Means
3. industrial-age developments made overseas expansion possible
a. steamships
b. underwater telegraph
c. quinine
d Advancements in fire arms

7. Modern Marvels S09E40 Bullets - YouTube 4 min up to 19:30min
Fire Arms Developments of the late 1800s made conquest possible
·     rifling
·     breech loading
·     new bullets → brass cartridges
·     percussion lock: meant that a gun could fire in any weather
·     smokeless powder
·     use of steel – made production cheaper in mass amounts
  Modern Marvels S09E40 Bullets - YouTube  4 min up to 19:30min

8. Machine Gun
2. ________________development in the late 1800‘s allowed for European Domination
1884: Maxim Gun
-shot 11 bullets per second.
-precision accuracy up to a half-mile range.
1884: Maxim Gun
·       shot 11 bullets per second
·       half-mile range
·       precision
Shooting the Russian Maxim YouTube

9. C. New Perceptions of Others
___________Mission : missionaries believed to become “civilized”, the people of Africa and Asia must convert to Christianity; others believed Western civilization was superior to all others encouraging European languages and Western Lifestyles.
“Civilizing”
Stories of Scottish doctor and Missionary David Livingstone’s 1841 journey helped spur European interest in African exploration.
What Italian merchant’s book led to exploration in the 15th Century?
Marco Polo

10. White Man’s Burden
1.“Take up the White Man's “burden------Send forth the best ye breed----
2.Go, bind your sons to exile --To serve your captives‘need;
3.To wait, in heavy harness, --On fluttered folk and On and wild----
4. Your new--caught sullen peoples, --Half devil and half child.”
Rudyard Kipling’s Poem promoted the belief that European’s had a moral responsibility to civilize primitive people.

12. Social Darwinism: Racism
Some Europeans adapted Darwin’s ideas about the evolution of animals to explain differences among human beings: “_______of the fittest”
Social Darwinists believed white Europeans were the fittest people and had obligation to spread western culture, politics and their religion.
survival

13. Types and Development of Man, 1904
Western Civilization, the cradle of morality and education; bringing light into the world in the presence of darkness. In Status and achievement we have:
1. The Anglo-American and European peoples. 2. The Burly Russian 3. The Japanese 4. The Hindu 5. The Turk 6. The Chinese 7. The Arab 8. The Indian 9. The Negro 10. The Ainu 11. The Bushman 12. The Neanderthal

14. Asian Responses to Imperialism: Crash Course World History #213 - YouTube
How did European Imperialism influence the Ottoman Empire, China, and Japan?
How did the Ottoman Empire, China, and Japan respond to European Imperialism?

15. A. Both China and the Ottoman Empire:
1. had felt that they did not need to learn from the West
2. avoided direct colonial rule, but were diminished
3. attempted “defensive modernization”
4. suffered a split in society between modernists and those holding traditional values

16. Reversal of Fortune: China’s Century of Crisis
1. China was, to a large degree, a victim of its own success
a. population had grown from about 100 million in 1685 to some 430 million in 1853
b. but China didn’t have an accompanying Industrial Revolution
c. growing pressure on the land, impoverishment, starvation
2. Chinese bureaucracy did not keep pace with growing population

17. The British would be the first to really get their foot into the door in China, and find a product the Chinese wanted to buy. What was it?
Opium

18. What is Opium?
Opium is highly addictive drug that causes a drowsy, dreamy state leading to a deep sometimes-dreamless sleep.
Opium is the milky latex fluid contained in the un-ripened seed pod of the opium poppy. As the fluid is exposed to air, it hardens and turns black in color. This dried form is typically smoked
Tolerance (the need for higher and higher doses to maintain the same effect) and physical and psychological dependence develop quickly. Withdrawal from opium causes nausea, tearing, yawning, chills, and sweating.

19. Opium Wars: When the Chinese government tried to stop the import of opium into its country, Great Britain fought two wars against China. forced Chinese to accept free trade and “proper” relations among countries (Treaty of Nanjing (1842)/ Open Door Policy) “unequal treaties” inhibited China’s industrialization and hurt the Qing dynasty

20. 3. culmination of China’s internal crisis: the Taiping Uprising 1850–1864
a. leader Hong Xiuquan (1814–1864) proclaimed himself the younger brother of Jesus, sent to establish a “heavenly kingdom of great peace”
b. called for radical equality c. even planned to industrialize China
d. rebellion was crushed by 1864
4. resolution of the Taiping rebellion consolidated the power of the provincial gentry even more
a. intense conservatism, so China’s problems weren’t resolved
b. the massive civil war had seriously weakened the Chinese economy
c. 20 million–30 million people died in the rebellion

22. Conservative leaders feared that development would harm the landlord class
3. Boxer Rebellion (1900): militia organizations killed many Europeans and Chinese Christians, besieged foreign embassies in Beijing
a. Western powers and Japan occupied Beijing to crush the revolt
b. imposed massive reparation payments on China

23. The Ottoman Empire and the West in the Nineteenth Century “The Sick Man of Europe”
: the Ottoman Empire was still strong, at center of the Islamic world; by 1900, was known as “the sick man of Europe”
2. region by region, Islamic world fell under Christian rule, and the Ottomans couldn’t prevent it
a. Ottomans lost territory to Russia, Britain, Austria, and France
b. Napoleon’s 1798 invasion of Egypt was especially devastating
c. Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Rumania attained independence

25. 3. central Ottoman state had weakened
4. the economy was hit hard by Western developments
5. had reached a state of dependency on Europe

26. C. Reform and Its Opponents
Ottomans attempted ambitious reforms, going considerably further than the Chinese
late eighteenth century: Selim III tried to establish new military and administrative structures
a. sent ambassadors to study European methods
b. imported European advisers
c. established technical schools
a. beginning of an extensive process of industrialization and modernization
b. acceptance of the principle that all citizens are equal before the law
c. tide of secular legislation and secular schools

27. Outcomes: Comparing China and the Ottoman Empire
1. by 1900, both China and the Ottoman Empire were “semicolonies”
2. both gave rise to a new nationalist conception of society
3. China: the imperial system collapsed in 1911
a. followed by a vast revolution
b. creation of a Communist regime by 1949, within the same territory
4. Ottoman Empire: the empire collapsed following World War I
5. Chinese revolutionaries rejected Confucian culture much more than Turkish leaders rejected Islam

28. reform created a new class of writers, etc.—the “Young Ottomans”
b. urged creation of a constitutional regime
c. Islamic modernism: accepted Western technology and science but not its materialism

29. Japan: Learned to Adapt and rose to South East Asian Dominance

30. Japan was isolated from outsiders
Japan was isolated from outsiders. Commodore Matthew Perry from this nation was the first to open up Japan’s ports?  
United States
Japan’s government began to realize if they didn’t become like the West they would be conquered by the West!

31. Samurai, Daimyo, Matthew Perry, and Nationalism: Crash Course World History #34 - YouTube

32. During the late 1800’s Japan went through a period of rapid modernization, where it dropped its traditional samurai culture and adopted western culture, schooling, and technology. What was this time period called?
Meiji Restoration

33. Samurai culture Similar to Feudalism of Middle Ages in Europe
Ruling and Warrior Class
Status and land was inherited
Bushido-The Way of the Warrior-Honor, Loyalty, Courage, Respect
Seppuku- “stomach-cutting" is a form of Japanese ritual suicide by disembowelment. Seppuku was originally reserved only for samurai.
The Last Samurai: Seppuku - YouTube

34. Satsuma Rebellion Samurai vs. Meiji government
Tradition vs Modernization and Westernization of Japan
Meiji government hired experts from France, Britain, and the Netherlands to modernize their military
They hired American experts to modernize their school system.
The Last Samurai is based on this rebellion

35. Saigō's Last Stand Battle of Shiroyama, Semptember 1, 1877
Samurai of Satsuma
400 samurai led by Saigō Takamori
Imperial Japanese Army
30,000 troops
Winner: Imperial Japanese Army and Modernization and Westernization in Japan
Last Samurai Battle – YouTube
Last samurai (2003) - final battle – YouTube
Last Samurai - Katsumoto - YouTube

36. Samurai and Saigo legacy
Although this traditional culture was replaced in the late 1800’s by western culture, the Samurai culture is still remembered positively in Japan.
During WW II the government and military tried to evoke the samurai spirit in propaganda. Kamikaze pilots came from the notion of Seppukku.
Once a villain, a statue of Saigo Takomori stands as a tribute to him and samurai culture.

37. Japan would become the first non-western Imperial power during the age of Imperialism. What nations did it takeover by 1918?
Korea and Manchuria

39. https://jeopardylabs.com/play/chapter-19-imperialism-asia-part-1