1. Web Server Administration
Chapter 1
The Basics of Server and Web Server Administration

2. Overview Review the Internet and the World Wide Web
Learn about server administration
Learn about Web server administration
Explore the common tasks and services performed by administrators
Examine networking building blocks
Compare Web server platforms

3. Review the Internet and the World Wide Web
The Internet is a worldwide network of networks
Shares WAN used by the international telecommunications network
Uses TCP/IP
Where the Internet uses the HTTP protocol, it is called the Web
Web servers use HTTP to communicate
The Internet is not centrally controlled

4. Review the Internet and the World Wide Web
Internet had its origins in the 1960s
In 1995 a high-speed backbone was created
Included 4 network access points (NAPs)
More have been created since then
Now much Internet traffic is handled without going through NAPs
Peering agreements allow this

5. Understanding Server Administration
Server administrators
Focus on the LAN
Provide access to software and services
Make sure environment is reliable and consistent
Minimize harm that users can do to network

6. Working with Users
A LAN can server hundreds or even thousands of users
Users need to be productive
Users like consistency
Roaming profiles allow users to have the same personalized desktop environment on multiple computers

7. Establishing Access Control
Users need just enough access to do their jobs, but not more
Typically, users are organized into groups, and groups are given access to network resources
Users can be given different access to the same resources
A document can be read by everyone but modified by only specific people

8. Understanding the Server Environment
All but the smallest network includes more than one server
With Windows computers, servers and users’ computers can be organized into domains in order to centralize control
In Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003, domains can be grouped into forests

9. Understanding Web server Administration
Web server administrators focus on the Internet
Need to work with ISPs and Web page developers
Typically, a Web server provides information to anyone who requests it over the Internet
Web servers can contain other applications such as FTP and

10. Understanding Web server Administration
Depending on the size of the organization, some tasks may be delegated
Web page development
Database design
Programming
administration
Security

11. Selecting Programs and Databases
Web server administrators need to install programming languages
Web developers use a variety of languages
Active Server Pages (ASP)
Original language from Microsoft
ASP.Net
A newer environment that includes many languages
Java Server Pages (JSP)

12. Selecting Programs and Databases
Non-Microsoft languages are popular, even on Microsoft Web servers
Perl – one of the first and still popular
PHP – easy to use
Java Server Pages (JSP)
Macromedia ColdFusion

13. Selecting Programs and Databases
A database management system (DBMS) is used to store data used with Web pages
Microsoft Access is appropriate for small sites
Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle 9i, and MySQL are sophisticated DBMSs for larger sites
Standard Query Language (SQL) is the language used to communicate with the DBMS

14. Managing E-mail Servers
Open by design to accept from anyone
Spam can be a problem to manage
Specific utilities can be used to help minimize spam
Viruses are commonly sent by
Use virus detection software and keep it updated

15. Other Applications Firewall FTP DNS
Helps protect your Web server environment from attack
FTP
A service that allows users to download files from and upload files to a server
DNS
Translates host names such as to an IP address

16. Administrators' Common Tasks and Services
Installing and configuring systems
Maintaining security
Monitoring the system
Maintenance and backup

17. Network Building Blocks- The OSI Model
Layer
Name
Description 7
Application
Responsible for low-level application access to the network. 6
Presentation
Can convert data into a format that is understandable to the Application layer. 5
Session
Can open, maintain, and shut down communication. 4
Transport
Responsible for transporting the data from one computer to another. (TCP and UDP) 3
Network
Primarily responsible for addressing between two computers. (IP and ICMP) 2
Data Link
Responsible for the interface between the packets coming down through the upper layers and the physical layer. 1
Physical
Responsible for transferring the data to the network medium.

18. TCP/IP Model Layer Name Common Components OSI Reference Application
HTTP, SMTP, POP3
FTP, DNS
Presentation
Session
Transport
TCP, UDP
Network
IP, ICMP
Physical
Ethernet, FDDI
Data Link

19. TCP/IP Protocols Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Web servers implement this protocol
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Used by servers (and sometimes Web servers) to send
Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3)
Used to retrieve

20. TCP/IP Protocols File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Transfers files to and from server
Domain Name Service (DNS)
Translates host names to IP addresses and IP addresses to host names
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Creates a reliable connection between two computers

21. TCP/IP Protocols User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Internet Protocol (IP)
Does not establish a connection, just sends messages
Internet Protocol (IP)
Provides addressing scheme
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Provides error messages

22. Connecting Your LAN to the Internet
Your ISP connects to the Internet
A WAN connection is used between your building and the ISP
A T-Carrier connection is often used
A digital connection for voice and data

23. Common T-Carrier Connections

24. Connecting to the Internet

25. Other ways to Connect to the Internet
Integrated services digital network (ISDN)
Dial-up access
Basic Rate Interface (BRI) up to 128 Kbps
Primary Rate Interface (PRI) up to Mbps
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
Often differing speeds for uploads and downloads
Depending on type, up to 6.1 Mbps for downloads and Mbps for uploads
Cable Modem
Shared access cable provided by cable TV company

26. Web Hosting Solutions Standard hosting Dedicated server Co-location
Your site resides on the same computer with many other sites
Cheapest solution
Dedicated server
You have a server that only you use
Co-location
Your own server is physically located at the company that does your Web hosting

27. Web Server Platforms- Microsoft
Windows NT (IIS 4)
IIS (Internet Information Server) was added in the mid-1990s, and support for ASP was added later
Windows 2000 (IIS 5)
IIS part of the OS from the beginning
.NET Framework add-on allows use of ASP.NET
Windows Server 2003 (IIS 6)
.NET Framework integrated into OS

28. Other Microsoft Server Products
Application Center
Allows you to manage a cluster of servers as if it is one server
Biztalk Server
Connects to your business partners using XML
Commerce Server
Builds e-commerce sites in a short amount of time

29. Other Microsoft Server Products
Internet Security and Acceleration Server
Combines a firewall product with a Web cache
Operations Manager
Helps decrease support costs for a server environment
SharePoint Portal Server
Set up a site that is highly personalized

30. UNIX/Linux UNIX was introduced in 1969 Linux is from the early 1990s
Based on MINIX
Three basic components
Kernel – central portion of OS
File system – provides input and output mechanisms
Shell – provides user interface

31. Linux Source code is freely available
Developers can make changes
Available from a number of organizations
Red Hat
Mandrake
SuSe

32. Summary Server administration focuses on LANs
Web server administration focuses on the Internet
Both types of administrators install, configure, and maintain servers
Many pieces make up the network
There are many Web server platforms from which to choose