1. Theodore Roosevelt Pages 317-325
Chapter 9 Part 3
Theodore Roosevelt
Pages

2. Terms The Jungle Theodore Roosevelt Square Deal Meat Inspection Act
Pure Food and Drug Act
Conservation
NAACP

3. Theodore Roosevelt

4. Brief Biography Born to a wealthy family Went to Harvard
Active in NY State Assembly 3 terms
NYC Police Commissioner
Assistant Sec. of the Navy
Joined the Rough Riders for the Spanish American War
Hero of San Juan Hill

5. TR Elected governor of NY McKinley’s VP in election of 1900
1901 McKinley was shot by Leon Czolgocz
TR was the youngest president to that point at 42 years
Wrote 44 books by the time he was 21

6. Big on Sports, Hunting, Ranching
Was blinded in one eye in a boxing match
Was a Progressive Republican
Believed the Federal Government had a duty to protect Americans from abuse

7. The Bully Pulpit
Used his position as President (was very popular) and his access to the press to push Congress to pass what he believed was needed legislation
The Square Deal: his promise to Americans to push for progressive reform to benefit them

8. TR as the Trust-Buster
By trusts controlled 4/5 of American industry
A Trust was a company that controlled the stock of MANY companies
Monopolies had destroyed their competition and was able to gouge the consumer with high prices

9. Sherman Anti Trust Act
Had not been used to curb the power of monopolies but had been used against the Pullman strikers
TR believed in good Trusts (who would work with the federal government) and bad trusts (who would not)

10. The North Securities Co.
Was a RR monopoly
TR ordered the Justice Dept. to take them to court for violation of the Sherman Anti Trust Act (1902)
The Court ordered that the company be dissolved (1904)

11. TR went after others Chicago meat packers The American Tobacco Co.
Standard Oil Co.

12. 1902 Coal Strike
TR believed that the Government should not interfere in labor disputes
Coal miners in Penn went on strike
They demanded an 8 hour day and a 20% pay increase
Strike lasted 5 months

13. Home heating was a concern
If the strike continued, people could freeze to death in their homes
TR offered to mediate an end to the strike
The miners were willing
But the mine owners were not
TR threatened to take over the mines

14. So the mine owners agreed
The mediator ordered
A 9-hour day
A 10% wage increase

15. Regulating RRs
The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 outlawed rate discrimination
RRs got aro9und it by issuing rebates

16. 1903 The Elkins Act Made rebates illegal
The Hepburn Act: (1906) outlawed the practice of the RRs offering free RR passes (used as bribes)
AND gave the ICC the power to establish maximum RR rates

17. Health and the Environment
The Jungle by Upton Sinclair told about the meat packing industry
The story made Americans sick and they called for the government to do something
TR appointed a commission to investigate

18. 1906 TR pushed Congress for A meat inspection Act
Then the FDA restricted the importation of feed and livestock
Also established rules for cleanliness in the industry and provided for federal meat inspection

19. At the same time
Food producers were making false claims about their products:
Could cure cancer
Could grow hair
Also products for children contained opium, cocaine, alcohol

20. 1906 The Pure Food and Drug Act
Stopped the sale of contaminated food and medicine
Required truth in labeling

21. Conservation
TR was the first president to be concerned about natural resources and conservation
Most believed that the US resources were limitless
BUT by 1887 the U.S. Forest Bureau had been established

22. Still Natural resources were being plundered
In TR set aside 148 million acres of forest land and water resources
Also established wild life sanctuaries and national parks

23. Gifford Pinchot Was named Chief Forester
He convinced TR to set aside forested and grazing land and to keep it from public sald

24. TR and Civil Rights Most Progressives stayed away from racial issues
TR did not do much
He upset many white Americans with some of his appointments

25. Booker T. Washington Was invited to the White House for dinner
This angered many Whites
And Also W.E.B Dubois who believed Washington was not aggressive enough in terms of helping African Americans gain equality

26. The NAACP
Was formed in 1905 by DuBois and others including many white reformers
The Niagara Movement
The NAACP is the legal arm of the Civil Rights movement