1. Expanding our Parking Vocabulary: Parking Professionals and Green Garage Certification Concepts
Brian D. Shaw & JC Porter Co-Chairs IPI Sustainability Committee June 29, 2015

2. Co-Chairs IPI Sustainability Committee
Expanding our Parking Vocabulary: Parking Professionals and Green Garage Certification Concepts
Brian D. Shaw & JC Porter
Co-Chairs IPI Sustainability Committee
6/29/15

3. Objectives
Learn the new sustainable transportation vocabulary that all parking professionals should know and use in these key areas: transportation, design, operations, and urban planning
Develop an understanding of how transportation demand management (TDM) can contribute to a parking operation positively and earn Green Garage Certification points.
released June 2014

4. Parking as a platform for sustainability – we are already doing it!

5. Management (Operations)
Leadership Driven
Parking Pricing
Shared Parking
TMA/TMO
Recycling
Sustainable Purchasing
Regional Labor
Third Party Certification
Credentialed Management
Life Cycle Assessment
Physical/Infrastructure
Proactive Operational Maintenance
Cleaning Procedures
Commissioning
Construction Waste Management
Regional Materials
Reused, Repurposed, Recycled Materials

6. Program (Transportation & Urban Planning)
People
Placemaking
Marketing/Educational Program
Transportation
Access to Mass Transit
Car Share
Ride Share
Bicycle Parking
Bicycle Sharing/Rental
Garage Functionality
Wayfinding Systems – External and Internal
Traffic Flow Plan
Vehicle
Low-Emitting and Fuel Efficient Vehicles
Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Alternative Fuel Fleet Vehicles

7. Technology & Structure (Design)
Energy Sources
Renewable Energy Generation
Energy Resiliency – Storage
Energy Efficiency
HVAC Systems
Ventilation Systems
Lighting Controls
Lighting System
Water use and re-use
Stormwater Management
Rainwater Harvesting
Greywater Reuse
Indoor Water Efficiency
Water Efficient Landscaping

8. Technology & Structure (Design)
Technology and Materials Selection
Idle Reduction Payment Systems
Fire Suppression Systems
No/Low VOCs Coatings, Paints and Sealants
Tire Inflation Stations
EV Charging Stations
Roofing Systems
Design for Durability

9. What is TDM?
Programs, policies and services that help the traveling public make use of alternatives to driving alone
Public transit, intermodal connections, shuttles.
Incentives to use transit, carpooling etc – commuter choice, parking cash- out, subsidies, discounts on parking for carpools and vanpools.
Disincentives to driving alone – parking fees, remote parking, eligibility for parking limited to certain cohorts, improved parking management & enforcement

10. Benefits of TDM Less Traffic Fewer street mitigation measures
Help with recruitment and retention
Improve Safety
Sustainability
Save land/space for development
More parking for patients/visitors, doctors
Reduce spill over parking & traffic
Lower cost travel options vs. driving
Partnering Opportunities

11. TDM History WWII saw highest transit use in US history
Rationing of fuel and rubber encouraged use of carpooling
Decline during 50s-60s – suburbanization fueled by interstate highways

12. Oil Embargoes spark modern TDM
1970s – oil embargoes in and 1979
Beginning of modern TDM
Corporate vanpooling (USAA and 3M)
Computerized Ridematching
Renewed development of transit

13. ACT, CAA, ISTEA, & CMAQ ACT formed in 1986
Clean Air ACT passed in 1990
Mandated Employer Trip Reduction
Revoked in 1995
ISTEA passed in 1991
Created CMAQ program (Congestion Mitigation Air Quality)
Made TDM eligible for federal funding
Transportation funding now tied to improving air quality

14. Association for Commuter Transportation - ACT
Advocates for federal policy and funding to support TDM
Reestablishing parity between parking and transit/vanpools
CMAQ funding program - provides funding for regional TDM activities
Employer voice on commuter transportation

15. Using Parking to do TDM
Parking pricing
Occasional Parking
Car/Vanpool Parking
Parking Cash Out
Car-Sharing

16. Permit pricing – The stick
Economics of parking
Higher price, lower demand
U of Chicago: 25-33% increase – 10% fewer permits sold
Proximity pays
Eliminate free parking
Prohibit dept paid staff parking

17. Daily vs. Monthly Parking
Research shows daily parking more effective at influencing travel behavior
Monthly parking induces driving – get your money’s worth
Daily parking forces a frequent choice about commuting behavior
Daily parking options include:
In car meters, pay stations/meter, cash/credit, “scratchers” and pay-by-cell phone

18. Permit Parking and TDM Evaluate need to raise permit fees every year
Offer new TDM programs at the same time
Regressive fee – Affects lowest income the most
Need to offer ways to avoid paying higher permit fees
Pre-tax payroll deduction
TDM in lieu of salary based fee structure
Parking cash out – Give choice to park or not
Occasional Parking to provide flexibility

19. Occasional Use Parking
Discounted daily parking
Flexibility - Recognizes people’s complicated lives
Allows use of other modes, but drive when needed
Free or not?
Limits on use

20. Car/Vanpool Parking: 3 Types
Discounted
Preferred
Reserved

21. Car/Vanpool Parking: discounted
Provides lower rates and/or free parking
Carpools park w/permit holders
FREE! 3+
carpools
50% Off!
2 person carpools

22. Car/Vanpool Parking: preferred
Limited # of spaces for carpools only
Can be 24/7 or less

23. Car/Vanpool Parking: reserved
Higher level of prestige, convenience
Can limit use of spaces
Impression spaces are unused
Provide ease of verification
Applicable to non-access controlled parking areas

24. Parking Cash-Out Allows employee to choose parking or other options
Takes place of free parking
Helps avoid giving away parking between employees
Taxable if not used for parking, transit or vanpools

25. Car-Sharing Complimentary TDM program
National providers (Zipcar, Hertz 24/7 and WeCar by Enterprise, U-Car by U-Haul)
Only provide parking – no subsidy
Eligibility determined by car-share company

26. Parking as part of a Comprehensive TDM effort
Incentives to use other modes – commuter choice, parking cash-out, subsidies, discounts on parking for carpools and vanpools
Disincentives to driving alone – parking fees, remote parking, eligibility for parking limited to certain cohorts, Improved parking management & enforcement
Car-Sharing
Public transit and intermodal connections
Shuttles around campus and to off-site parking
Carpool and vanpool formation assistance
Occasional Parking
Guaranteed Ride Home
Pedestrian and bicycle improvements and amenities
Comprehensive marketing, outreach and promotion

27. Questions?