1. APUSH UNIT 4

2. Key Themes to Unit 4 Election of 1800 (Peaceful Revolution)
Justice John Marshall
Louisiana Purchase (1803)
American System (TNT)
Democratic-Republican Party (Jacksonian Era)
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Second Great Awakening
Nullification Crisis
Texas Fight (1836) and Mexican-American War ( )
Women’s Rights Movement (Seneca Falls)
Manifest Destiny

3. Key Terms for Unit 4 Andrew Jackson Whigs Henry Clay Market Revolution
Protestants
Utopian Movements
South/North/Mid-West Regions
Enslaved Blacks/Free African Americans
Abolitionists/ Anti-Slavery Movements
Seneca Fall Convention
Transportation Revolution
Public/Private Sphere

4. Key Terms Continued
Appalachian Mountains
Ohio and Mississippi Rivers
American Indian Removal
Monroe Doctrine

6. Jefferson vs. Burr (& Adams)
Same number of electoral votes in the election
This election would lead to passage of the 12th Amendment
Jefferson wins close vote in house to become third President- Hamilton makes it happen
(sees Jefferson as lesser evil than Burr)

7. March 4, 1801 – Jefferson’s inauguration
Address want to bring about unity
“We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists”
Spoke of majority rule with minority rights
Recognized the significance of the peaceful transfer of power

8. Chief Justice John Marshall

9. Marbury v. Madison
William Marbury (a “midnight judge”) had been appointed justice of the peace for D.C.
Sued the new secretary of state (Madison) to have appointment delivered
Marshall asserted the principle that the Supreme Court had the final authority (“judicial review”)
Greatly increased the power of the Supreme Court

10. The Louisiana Purchase
Before France claimed Louisiana
1763 – 1800 – Louisiana belongs to Spain
By treaty (1800) Spain gives Louisiana Territory back to France
By treaty (1803) France sells to America for $15million

11. The States in the Louisiana Purchase

12. Exploring the Louisiana Purchase and the West

13. Heading Up Pike’s Peak

14. Pike’s Peak Near Summit

15. Pike’s Peak Summit

16. Four Barbary States of North Africa, c. 1805

17. Aaron Burr and Federalists in New England
Burr was Jefferson’s 1st term vice president, but was dropped in 1804
Plotted with Federalists to have N. England and N.Y. secede from the US
Hamilton exposed Burr’s plan
An angry Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel and killed him (July 11, 1804)
He was indicted for Murder in New Jersey but never brought to trial for the duel
Later charged with treason but found N.G.

18. June 1, 1812 – War Declared Against England
Support for war came from South and West and Republicans in populous middle states
Federalists opposed the war; strongest in New England and sympathize with England
Federalists did not want to annex Canada as Republicans wanted
Would add more farming land and increase the strength of Republicans

19. The War in 1814

20. Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island Contemplate Abandoning the Union and Leaping into the Waiting Arms of George III

21. Increased nationalism and decreased sectionalism
Results of the War of 1812
Indians are deserted by the British and forced to make peace and give up huge tracts of land north of the Ohio River
Harrison and Jackson become famous as warriors and will become Presidents
Increased nationalism and decreased sectionalism
Clay’s American System (TNT)
Foreign nations begin to respect U.S.

22. The Missouri Compromise, 1820–1821

23. Erie Canal Paid for by State Funds not National Funds Finished 1825 & Part of TNT

24. Cumberland (National) Road and Main Connections Bring People West

25. Marshall Expands Power of Federal Government
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Maryland taxes a branch of the Bank of the US
Court rules state can’t tax agency of the federal government (the Bank)
“the power to tax involves the power to destroy”
Marshall declared bank constitutional, using the doctrine of “implied powers”

26. Cohens v. Virginia (1821) Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Court upheld state conviction
Asserted right of Supreme Court to review decisions of state supreme courts in questions involving powers of federal government
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Ruled only Congress regulates interstate commerce
Struck down the New York monopoly, opening commerce to other companies

27. Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
Georgia land grant was a contract and Constitution forbid state laws that would
“impair” contracts
the Supreme Court has power to invalidate state laws conflicting with the Constitution
Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
College granted a charter by King George in 1769
New Hampshire legislature changes charter
Ct ruled that original charter was a contract and Constitution protected contracts against infringement by states

28. A “Live Wire” 1823

29. King Jackson 1828-36 Opponents become the Whig party

30. Keys to Jacksonian Era Corrupt Bargain of 1824 Spoils System
Tariff of Abominations
Nullification Crisis
Force Bill
Indian Removal Act
Trail of Tears (but takes place under Van Buren)
Bank War

31. 1819 – US traded claim to Texas to Spain for Florida
The Texas Issue
1819 – US traded claim to Texas to Spain for Florida
Spanish want to settle the area
1821 – Mexico gains independence
1823- Make deal with Stephan Austin to populate the state. He ignores rules that settlers be Catholic and non-slave holding

32. The Texas Revolution1836

33. America supported Texans fight against Mexico but request for annexation (1837) stopped by slavery issue
North protested that Texas was part of “conspiracy” to extend slavery
Mexico never recognizes Texas as independent because treaty signed at gunpoint
Texas remains independent nation until 1845 and even entered into foreign treaties

34. The New Economy & Market Revolution
1846 – sewing machine invented by Elias Howe and Perfected by Isaac Singer
Boosted ready-made clothing industry
Moved seamstresses (women sewers) from home-production to factories
1800 – 306 new patents issued
1860 – 28,000 new patents issued

35. Sewing Machine 1846 Invented by Howe and Perfected by Singer Massive Factory Growth Results

36. The telegraph 1844 – invented by Samuel F. B. Morse
Washington, DC to Baltimore (about 40 miles)
Morse tapped out “What hath God wrought?”
Factories displaced homemade products, but also offered employment to women
“cult of domesticity” was widespread cultural belief system that glorified the customary functions of the homemaker

37. Samuel Morse’s Telegraph 1844 “What Hath God Wrought”

38. Farmers worked to expand acreage
1837 – John Deere invented steel plow
1830s – Cyrus McCormick invented the mechanical mower-reaper
Subsistence farming replaced by production for market
Farmers went into debt buying more land and new equipment

39. Women in Revolt Gained strength in 1840s and 1850s
Empowered by Great Awakening
Most were from upper classes
Most worked for other reforms (temperance, abolition) in addition to women’s rights
Important leaders like Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony

40. 1848: Seneca Falls, New York Stanton read “Declaration of Sentiments”
“all men and women are created equal”
Demanded the vote
Launched the women’s rights movement
Women’s movement eclipsed by antislavery until after Civil War
Sojourner Truth (former slave) spoke out

41. KEY CULTURAL CHANGES 1820-1860 Modern Economy Movement Westward
Immigration
Transportation
Communication
Reform Movements (due to changes taking place)
Religion
Abolitionist
Women
Literature
Insane Asylums and Prisons
Alcohol

42. The Oregon Controversy 1846

43. Manifest Destiny

44. Campaigns of the Mexican War 1846-48

45. US given official title to Texas (already annexed)
February 2, 1848 – Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
US given official title to Texas (already annexed)
Land of present-day Southwest, including California to America (key to deal)
US pays $15 million for the land
US pays $3.25 million that Mexico owed to US citizens for prior debts from Texas

47. Result of war is renewed Slavery Issue
North claimed that war was fought to expand slavery
Most land gained was south of 36° 30’ line
Wilmot Proviso
David Wilmot : rep. from PA 1846 proposes to ban slavery in any territory taken from Mexico
Passed House, but not Senate; southerners refused to give in but North wanted it
Slavery issues brought up by Mexican War will not be settled until Civil War

48. Two Famous Quotes about War
Emerson: “Mexico will poison us”
Calhoun: “Mexico is to us the forbidden fruit…
the penalty for eating it would be
to subject our institutions to
political death”