1. APUSH - Unit #9 Chapters 26—28
The New Deal
(1932—1941)

2. Explain the Wagner Act and the rise of industrial unionism.
SSUSH18— The student will describe Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal as a response to the Depression and compare the ways government programs aided those in need.
Describe the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) as a works program and as an effort to control the environment.
Explain the Wagner Act and the rise of industrial unionism.
Explain the passage of the Social Security Act as apart of the Second New Deal.

3. SSUSH18— The student will describe Franklin D
SSUSH18— The student will describe Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal as a response to the Depression and compare the ways government programs aided those in need.
d. Identify Eleanor Roosevelt as a symbol of social progress and women’s activism.
e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “Court Packing” Bill, and the Neutrality Act.

4. Chapter 28: The New Deal Overview
Newly elected President Franklin D. Roosevelt launches a program aiming to end the Great Depression. The Depression and FDR’s “New Deal” have profound effects on the nation.

5. Section 1 – FDR Offers Relief & Recovery
Main Idea:
President Franklin D. Roosevelt takes on many new government programs and actions to combat the Depression.

6. Franklin D. Roosevelt 32nd President 1933 – 1945 Party: Democratic
Home State:
New York
Vice Presidents:
John N. Garner
Henry A. Wallace
Harry S. Truman

7. Franklin D. Roosevelt Domestic
Only president to be elected to four terms of office.
Paralyzed by polio (1921).
Sponsored “New Deal” government programs to provide relief, recovery, and reform during the Depression.
Gave fireside chats to inspire the American people during depression.
President who led the nation through World War II.
Eleanor Roosevelt (wife) played an active role in his presidency.
Died of a stroke in GA (April, 1945).

8. Franklin D. Roosevelt Foreign
Supported Neutrality throughout the beginning of World War II.
Supported Lend-Lease program to provide aid to Allied Powers.
President who led the nation through World War II.
Met with Joseph Stalin and Winston Churchill as part of the “Big Three” (Allied Powers).

9. The period from March 9, 1933 to June 16, 1933.
e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “Court Packing” Bill, and the Neutrality Act.
New Deal –
A phase taken from one of FDR’s speeches in which he promised a “new deal for the American people.”
The policies of the New Deal focused on: Relief, Recovery, and Reform (the three “R” punch).
“First Hundred Days” –
The period from March 9, 1933 to June 16, 1933.
Congress passed fifteen major pieces of “New Deal” legislation.

10. Regulating Banking & Finance –
e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “Court Packing” Bill, and the Neutrality Act.
Regulating Banking & Finance –
Initially, FDR declared a “Bank Holiday” in which all banks were closed.
Banks were inspected and could reopen if they could prove they were solvent.
Insolvent banks could receive aid from the government.
The effort to provide aid improved the perception of the banking industry.

11. Federal Deposit Insurance Group (FDIC) –
e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “Court Packing” Bill, and the Neutrality Act.
Federal Deposit Insurance Group (FDIC) –
Provided federal insurance to individual banking accounts up to $5,000.
Federal Securities Act of 1933 –
Required companies that issued stock to provide information on all stock offerings.
Twenty-First Amendment (Ratified, 1933)–
Repealed Prohibition and the 18th Amendment.

12. Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) –
e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “Court Packing” Bill, and the Neutrality Act.
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) –
Sought to raise crop prices by lowering production of crops, animals, and land cultivation.
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) –
Supported young men (18 – 25) to work on building roads, developing parks, planting trees, and helping in soil-erosion and creating flood control projects.
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) –
Provided money to states to create jobs in the construction of schools, and community buildings through the Civil Works Administration (CWA).

13. Supreme Court Reaction –
e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “Court Packing” Bill, and the Neutrality Act.
Supreme Court Reaction –
Conservatives (those opposed to the New Deal and FDR’s policies of “big government”) sought some relief as the Supreme Court ruled that some of the New Deal programs were unconstitutional.
Court-Packing Bill –
Fearing that his New Deal was being threatened by the Supreme Court, FDR attempted to increase the number of justices on the Court from nine to fifteen, but this did not occur due to protests.

14. Conservatives Lash Out –
e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “Court Packing” Bill, and the Neutrality Act.
Conservatives Lash Out –
Conservatives organized the American Liberty League in an effort to put the breaks on the New Deal since they believed it violated individual rights of the individual and property.
Liberals Disagree –
Liberals believed that FDR was not doing enough and urged even stronger New Deal measures to increase the three R’s to the poor and needy.

15. e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “Court Packing” Bill, and the Neutrality Act.
Huey Long –
Senator from Louisiana who proposed a program to extend aid to the poor known as Share-Our-Wealth.
The senator was assassinated in 1935 before the program could grow nationally.

16. “The New Deal” (p. 6)
5. Why did conservatives and liberals criticize the “New Deal” and FDR?
Conservatives thought that it gave too much power to the national government, threatening individual freedom and the free market system.
Liberals and Progressives thought that concentrated to heavily on helping banks and businesses and not enough on reforming the system to help the poor.

17. “The New Deal” (p. 5)
1. Describe how President Roosevelt’s “New Deal” attempted to address the problems of the Depression.
The New Deal created several government programs that gave immediate relief to Americans, often through public works projects that provided jobs.

18. Section 2 – The Second New Deal Takes Hold
Main Idea:
The Second New Deal institutes new programs to extend federal aid and stimulate the nation’s economy.

19. “Second Hundred Days” –
e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “Court Packing” Bill, and the Neutrality Act.
“Second Hundred Days” –
Began in the 1935 and pushed for more New Deal programs.
Eleanor Roosevelt –
Wife of FDR, and social reformer who was very visible in the public’s eye (she urged him to do more for the nation and include women in public office).

20. Presidential Election of 1936
e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “Court Packing” Bill, and the Neutrality Act.
Presidential Election of 1936

21. Presidential Election of 1936 –
e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “Court Packing” Bill, and the Neutrality Act.
Presidential Election of 1936 –
The election was a landslide for FDR and his legislation.
For the first time, African Americans began to vote majority Democratic.
Both houses received extensive majorities of Democrats giving FDR the needed numbers to extend the Second New Deal.

22. Farm Security Administration –
e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “Court Packing” Bill, and the Neutrality Act.
Farm-Aid –
Congress passed a second Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1936 which aided farmers and regulated crop production.
Farm Security Administration –
Federal program which provided nearly $1 billion in aid to migrant workers and tenant farmers.
Works Progress Administration (WPA) –
Created many jobs (1935 – 1943) and resulted in the building of airports, repair of roads, and construction of public buildings spending nearly $11 billion.

23. b. Explain the Wagner Act and the rise of industrial unionism.
Passed by Congress and did the following:
Increased the rise of industrial unionism (workers in industry who organized into unions) in the 1930s by protected the right of workers to join unions.
Set up the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB).

24. c. Explain the passage of the Social Security Act as apart of the Second New Deal.
The act was passed by Congress and did the following:
Old-age insurance for retirees older than 65 and their spouses (50% of the funds came from the employee while the other 50% came from the employer).
Unemployment compensation system (funded by a tax on employers).
Aid to families with dependent children and the disabled (funded by federal funds from the states).

25. c. Explain the passage of the Social Security Act as apart of the Second New Deal.

26. “The New Deal” (p. 5)
2. What major issues were addressed by the Second New Deal?
The Social Security Act provided a safety net for elderly retirees, the unemployed, and the disabled for the first time.
The Wagner Act gave workers the right to join unions and bargain collectively.

27. Section 3 – The New Deal Affects Many Groups
Main Idea:
New Deal policies and actions affected various social and ethnic groups.

28. Identify Eleanor Roosevelt as a symbol of social progress and women’s activism.
Distant cousin of FDR who she married in 1905.
After polio struck FDR in 1921, she became more active in her husband’s run for the governorship of New York.
During FDR’s presidency, Eleanor helped women and individuals of groups receive prominent positions in the seats of government.
She was active in politics following the end of World War II and helped form the United Nations (UN).

29. Identify Eleanor Roosevelt as a symbol of social progress and women’s activism.
Frances Perkins –
Became the first woman nominated to a Cabinet post as Secretary of Labor and headed the Social Security Administration.
Women in the Workplace –
Women in the workplace increased during the 1930s especially for married women.

30. Black educator who promoted education within the Black community.
e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “Court Packing” Bill, and the Neutrality Act.
Mary McLeod Bethune –
Black educator who promoted education within the Black community.
She helped FDR organize the “Black Cabinet” in an effort to coordinate efforts to help black communities nationwide.

31. Roosevelt’s “Black Cabinet” –
e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “Court Packing” Bill, and the Neutrality Act.
Roosevelt’s “Black Cabinet” –
Used by FDR to address racial issues of the 1930s and help unite Blacks behind the Democratic Party.
FDR & Civil Rights –
FDR did make some attempts to help Blacks, but was hesitant that he might upset Southern White Democrats.

32. Native-Americans Gain Support –
e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “Court Packing” Bill, and the Neutrality Act.
Mexican Fortunes –
Most Mexican migrant workers received almost no benefits from the New Deal despite their support for the Democratic Party and FDR.
Native-Americans Gain Support –
Led by John Collier, the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 moved away from assimilation and toward Native American autonomy.

33. Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) –
e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “Court Packing” Bill, and the Neutrality Act.
New Deal Coalition –
An alignment of diverse groups in an effort to increase support for the Democratic Party.
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) –
An organization of industrial workers which consisted of unskilled and semiskilled workers in the 1930s.
Joined with the AFL in 1955 to form the AFL-CIO.
Supporters of FDR in 1936 –
By 1936, FDR had received several areas of support and the Democrats won a second presidential election.

34. Section 4 – The Culture of the 1930s
Main Idea:
Motion pictures, radio, art, and literature all blossom during the period of the New Deal.

35. Cultural Influences & Major Events of the 1930s
“Talkies” –
Hollywood became an instant producer of films with sound in the 1930s.
Radio Entertainment –
Radio was a source for entertainment for families and the number of radios increased from 13 million (1930) to 28 million (1940).
The May 6, 1937 crash of the German Zeppelin was caught on film and radio and transmitted worldwide as it occurred.

36. Cultural Influences & Major Events of the 1930s
Hindenburg Crash

37. Cultural Influences & Major Events of the 1930s
Gone with the Wind (1939)–
One of the most popular films of the 1930s starring Clark Gable and Vivian Leigh.
Based on the novel by Margaret Mitchell.

38. Cultural Influences & Major Events of the 1930s
The Wizard of Oz (1939) –
One of the first color films and popular films of the 1930s.
From the Frank Baum novel of the 1890s.

39. Cultural Influences & Major Events of the 1930s
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) –
Showed the popular light of the New Deal by presenting social and political accomplishments.

40. Cultural Influences & Major Events of the 1930s
Bob Hope –
One of the most popular comedian entertainers of the 1930s.
Orson Welles –
Actor, director, producer, and writer from the 1920s and 1930s.
Recreated the War of the Worlds (October 30, 1938) on the radio inciting public fear and anger.

41. Cultural Influences & Major Events of the 1930s
Federal Art Project –
A federal program designed to pay artists a living wage to produce public art.
Grant Wood –
The famous painting of American Gothic (1930) by portraying the hardships of Midwestern farm families during the Depression.

42. Cultural Influences & Major Events of the 1930s
John Steinbeck –
Author of The Grapes of Wrath which described the experience of one tenant farmer and his family during the 1930s.
The Grapes of Wrath –
Written by John Steinbeck to provide a vivid depiction of the “Dust Bowl” and one farmer’s migration during the 1930s.

43. “The New Deal” (p. 5)
4. How did popular culture help the nation find relief from their hardships throughout the 1930s?
Americans enjoyed escapist activities such as going to the movies, listening to radio shows, and dancing to music of swing bands.

44. Section 5 – The Impact of the New Deal
Main Idea:
The New Deal affects the American society not only in the late 1930s, but also in the decades to follow.

45. Expanding the Government’s Role in the Economy –
e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “Court Packing” Bill, and the Neutrality Act.
Expanding the Government’s Role in the Economy –
The New Deal and Second New Deal provide a new role of the federal government by expanding powers (especially the power of the president).
Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) –
Supervised the stock market and eliminated dishonest trading practices (such as insider trading).
Social Security –
Probably the most important legacy is the federal government’s assumed responsibility for the social welfare of citizens.

46. a. Describe the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) as a works program and as an effort to control the environment.
Rural Assistance –
Loans and quotas are set up to aid farmers and the agricultural sector.
New Deal Affects on the Environment –
The New Deal increases environmental protection, set up parks, and wildlife reserves across the nation.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) –
Harnessed water power to generate electricity and help prevent flooding in the Tennessee Valley (and the Southeast).

47. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
a. Describe the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) as a works program and as an effort to control the environment.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

48. “The New Deal” (p. 5)
3. Explain how the “New Deal” changed the social, economic, and political landscape of the United States for future generations.
It forged a New Deal coalition that still influences politics today.
It set the economy back on track and made the federal government the major force in the economy of the United States.
It also brought about the rise of the welfare state currently found today.

49. “The New Deal” (p. 6)
6. What does the creation of the “welfare state” say about the changing priorities of the United States?
Americans began to believe that the government had a duty to help provide for welfare of citizens.
The federal government currently sponsors Social Security and unemployment benefits to those Americans who qualify to receive them.
The federal government subsidizes housing and health care for the poor.