1. Bluetooth Measurement Overview
安捷倫科技股份有限公司
電子儀器事業群業務部

2. Agenda Bluetooth Concept & Architecture 10Min Transmiter Test 45Min
Receiver Test Min
Agilent Bluetooth Solution Min
Q & A Min

3. Solutions for Bluetooth Testing by Agilent Technologies
2018/2/5
Solutions for Bluetooth Testing by Agilent Technologies
Randy Chen , Senior AE

4. Network Topology - Piconet Example
master connects up to 7 slaves and 200+ slaves in lower power modes
each piconet with capacity 1 Msps
unique hopping pattern / ID
each device can be master or slave

5. Bluetooth Protocol StackRF
Baseband
Audio
Link Manager
L2CAP
TCP/IP
HID
RFCOMM
Applications
Data
Control
GLOSSARY
TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
HID - Human Interface Driver
L2CAP - Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol
LMP - Link Manager Protocol

6. Radio Specification Operates in unlicensed ISM band at ~ 2.4GHz
Frequency hopping
1600 hops/s nominal
3200 hops/s Page and Inquiry modes
TDMA/TDD
each slot duration 625 ms including 220 ms guard time
packets may occupy 1, 3 or 5 slots
1 Msps capacity per piconet

7. Radio Frequency Plan USA & Europe (except France and Spain) -
79 channels each with 1 MHz
France, Spain & Japan - 23 channels each with 1 MHz, also in the 2.4 GHz range

8. Link Budget 0 dBm TX power -40 RX power @ 1m -70 RX power @ 10m
C/I = 21 dB
NF = 23 dB
-91
noise
floor
-114
kTB

9. Transmitter Characteristics
Tx power
nominal 0 dBm
-30 to +20 dBm range, with power control required above 0 dBm
regulated by RSSI
-20 dB bandwidth of 1 MHz
more details in the BT specifications

10. General Packet Format Payload contains voice, data or control
information
CRC for data packets,
none for voice packets
Channel Access Code (CAC)
Device Access Code (DAC)
Inquiry Access Code (IAC)

11. SCO Link Type
Synchronous Connection-Oriented links Circuit switched connection
Full duplex, symmetric services
Slots reserved at fixed intervals
Four different packet types - HV1, HV2, HV3 and DV
Packet type determined by signal quality (FER, BER) and traffic load
64 kbps voice applications

12. ACL Link Type
Asynchronous Connectionless links Packet switched connection without reserved frames
Asynchronous and isochronous services; Symmetric and asymmetric operation
Packets occupy 1, 3 or 5 time slots
Polling access scheme
Eight different packet types - DM1, DM3, DM5, DH1, DH3, DH5, DV, AUX1
Used for both control message and regular data transfer

13. Bluetooth RF Test Suite Structure
2018/2/5
Bluetooth RF Test Suite Structure
Transmitter Test
(1) Output Power
(2) Power Density
(3) Power Control
(4) TX Output Spectrum-Frequency Range
(5) TX Output Spectrum-20 dB Bandwidth
(6) TX Output Spectrum-Adjacent Channel Power
(7) Modulation Characteristics
(8) Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance
(9) Carrier Frequency Drift

14. Bluetooth RF Test Suite Structure
Transceiver Test
(1) Out-of-Band Spurious Emission

15. Bluetooth RF Test Suite Structure
Receiver Test
(1) Sensitivity – Single slot packets
(2) Sensitivity – Multi slot packets
(3) C/I Performance
(4) Blocking Performance
(5) Intermodulation Performance
(6) Maximum Input Level

16. Measurement Setup 1 ( Transmitter Test)
Set DUT into test mode
PC controller
Transmitter mode
VSA or
ESA
Bluetooth
DUT
RF output
RF input
ESG-D

17. Measurement Setup 2 ( Transmitter Test)
Enable test mode
PC controller
E1852A
Racer
RF output
Bluetooth
DUT
Through cable or
By air

18. Bluetooth Transmitter Test
2018/2/5
Bluetooth Transmitter Test
(1) Output Power
Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping on
measurement bandwidth 3 MHz
average power < 100 mW (20dBm) EIRP
peak power < 200mW (23 dBm) EIRP
power-class-dependent limits
Solutions
89640 Vector Signal Analyzer or ESA-E Spectrum Analyzer
The spectrum analyzer settings shall be as follow: Center frequency: the lowest operating frequency - Span: Zero Span - Resolution Bandwidth: 3 MHz - Video Bandwidth: 3 MHz - Detector: Peak - Mode: Maxhold - Sweeptime: depending on packet type (one complete packet) - Trigger: extern (to signalling unit)
Tester calculates average power PAV over at least 20% to 80% of the duration of the burst. (position of p0 defines the begin of the burst) or if the measuring system is not able to determine the p0 bit in the burst: Tester calculates average power PAV over at least 20% to 80% of the duration of the burst. ( The duration of the burst is the time between the leading and trailing 3 dB points compared to the average power).

19. Output Power Measurement
2018/2/5
Output Power Measurement
Measure average and peak power of burst
20% to 80%
3dB points
p0 or RF synch
Trigger on burst/hop
Averaging
Pass/fail limits

20. Bluetooth Transmitter Test
2018/2/5
Bluetooth Transmitter Test
(2) Power Spectral Density
Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping on
power density < 100 mW per 100 kHz EIRP
Solutions
ESA-E Spectrum Analyzer (freerun)
The spectrum analyzer settings shall be as follow: - Center frequency: 2441 MHz - Span: 240 MHz - Resolution Bandwidth: 100 kHz - Video Bandwidth: 100 kHz - Detector: Peak - Mode: Maxhold – Sweeptime: 1 sec per 100 kHz span - Trigger: freerun If the measurement equipment is not able to store one sample for each 100 kHz frequency range, the span may be split for several measurements.
The spectrum analyzer is set to Zero Span, the center frequency is set to the frequency found in step c), and the sweep time is set to 1 minute. A single sweep shall be running. The power density is calculated as the peak value of the trace.

21. Transmitter Measurements
2018/2/5
Transmitter Measurements
Power Spectral Density

22. Bluetooth Transmitter Test
2018/2/5
Bluetooth Transmitter Test
(3) Power Control
Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping off
measurement bandwidth 3MHz
2dB < step size < 8dB
at min power step Pav < 4dBm for power class 1 device
Solutions
89640 Vector Signal Analyzer or ESA-E Spectrum Analyzer
The spectrum analyzer settings shall be as follow: Center frequency: the lowest operating frequency - Span: Zero Span - Resolution Bandwidth: 3 MHz - Video Bandwidth: 3 MHz - Detector: Peak - Mode: Maxhold - Sweeptime: one complete DH1 packet - Trigger: extern (to signalling unit)
Tester calculates average power PAV over at least 20% to 80% of the duration of the burst. (position of p0 defines the begin of the burst) or if the measuring system is not able to determine the p0 bit in the burst: Tester calculates average power PAV over at least 20% to 80% of the duration of the burst. ( The duration of the burst is the time between the leading and trailing 3 dB points compared to the average power).

23. Bluetooth Transmitter Testing
2018/2/5
Bluetooth Transmitter Testing
(4) Output Spectrum - Frequency Range
Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping off
RBW = 100 kHz, VBW = 300 kHz
find fL , fH (spectral power density drop below dBm)
fL , fH must be within 2.4 GHz GHz
Solutions
89640 Vector Signal Analyzer or ESA-E Spectrum Analyzer Set

24. Transmitter Measurements
2018/2/5
Transmitter Measurements
Frequency Range

25. Bluetooth Transmitter Testing
(5) Output Spectrum - 20dB Bandwidth
Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping off
RBW = 10 kHz, VBW = 30 kHz
find fL , fH (spectral power density drops 20dBm below highest power value )
|fH - fL |  1.0 MHz
Solutions
89640 Vector Signal Analyzer or ESA-E Spectrum Analyzer

26. 20dB Output spectrum *Hop requires option 304
2018/2/5
20dB Output spectrum
Measures 20 dB band- width of output spectrum
center freq independent
automatically find dB points
Averaging
Trigger on burst/hop*
Pass/fail limits
Burst synch
*Hop requires option 304

27. Bluetooth Transmitter Testing
(6) Output Spectrum - Adjacent Channel Power
Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping off
RBW = 100 kHz, VBW = 300 kHz
Ptx(f)  -20dBm for M-N = 2
Ptx(f)  -40dBm for M-N  3
Solutions
89640 Vector Signal Analyzer or ESA-E Spectrum Analyzer

28. Adjacent Channel Power

29. Bluetooth Transmitter Test
2018/2/5
Bluetooth Transmitter Test
(7) Modulation Characteristics (modulation index)
Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping off
bit p0 determined
max frequency deviation f1max given sequence within 140 kHz and 175 kHz
max frequency deviation f2max given sequence greater than 115 kHz
f2avg / f1avg  0.8
Solution
89640 Vector Signal Analyzer
Tester calculates for each " " 8 bit sequence in the payload the average frequency over the frequency values of the 8 bits. To determine the correct deviation value of each bit it shall be oversampled at least four times. Then take the average over these at least four samples as the deviation for each bit. For each second, third, sixth and seventh of the 8 bits the deviation from the average frequency within the bit period is recorded as Df1max.
Tester calculates for each " " 8 bit sequence in the payload the average frequency over these 8 bits. For each of the 8 bits the maximum deviation from this average within the bit period is recorded as Df2max.
Comment: Due to noise and the therefor statistical distribution of the measurement values Df1max and Df2max the probability of failing the test even at a small statistical standard deviation might be quite high as each single measurement value is considered at the pass criteria. Therefor a proposal would be to allow a certain failure rate. For further information please refer to the proposal from Troy Beukema (IBM)

30. Modulation Deviation *Hop requires option 304
2018/2/5
Modulation Deviation
Measures modulation deviation accuracy
Requires to data patterns:
&
Averaging
Trigger on burst/hop*
Pass/fail limits
Burst synch
*Hop requires option 304

31. Bluetooth Transmitter Test
2018/2/5
Bluetooth Transmitter Test
(8) Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance
Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping on and off
bit p0 determined
initial carrier frequency tolerance <  75 kHz
Solution
89640 Vector Signal Analyzer or ESA-E Spectrum Analyzer
Tester makes an integration of the frequency deviations of the packets' 4 preamble bits on the EUT's fTX channel. The EUT's carrier frequency shall be assumed to be the result of this integration and is named f0.
Tester integrates the frequency deviations of every 4 bit symbols in the payload body (k-th measurement leads to fk). The measurement procedure is the same as in step . The integration result is used to calculate the instantaneous frequency drift as the difference to the initial carrier frequency as measured before.

32. Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance
2018/2/5
Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance
Measures hop frequency accuracy
preamble bits
20 samples/sym for freq resolution
Averaging
Trigger on burst/hop*
Pass/fail limits
*Hop requires option 304

33. Bluetooth Transmitter Test
2018/2/5
Bluetooth Transmitter Test
(9) Carrier Frequency Drift
Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping on and off
bit p0 determined
instantaneous carrier frequency drift <  25/40/40 kHz given 1010 sequence and 1/3/5-slot packet
carrier max. frequency drift rate < 4000 Hz / 10s
Solution
89640 Vector Signal Analyzer or ESA-E Spectrum Analyzer
Tester makes an integration of the frequency deviations of the packets' 4 preamble bits on the EUT's fTX channel. The EUT's carrier frequency shall be assumed to be the result of this integration and is named f0.
Tester integrates the frequency deviations of every 4 bit symbols in the payload body (k-th measurement leads to fk). The measurement procedure is the same as in step . The integration result is used to calculate the instantaneous frequency drift as the difference to the initial carrier frequency as measured before.

34. Carrier Frequency Drift
2018/2/5
Carrier Frequency Drift
Measures ability of Tx to stay on channel
4 bit payload drift
Maximum rate
ICFT (low resolution)
Averaging
Trigger on burst/hop*
Pass/fail limits
Burst synch
*Hop requires option 304

35. Bluetooth Transceiver Test
2018/2/5
Bluetooth Transceiver Test
(1) Out-of-band Spurious Emissions
Tx mode or loopback mode, hopping off
30 MHz to GHz under ETS (Europe)
30 MHz to 25 GHz under FCC Part (USA)
Solution
ESA-E Spectrum Analyzer

36. Transceiver Measurements
2018/2/5
Transceiver Measurements
Spurious responses to 12.75GHz

37. Measurement Setup 1 ( Receiver Test)
Set DUT into test mode
PC controller
Loopback mode
Data out
ESG-D
wanted signal
Bluetooth
DUT
CLK out
RF input
Power splitter
ESG-D
unwanted signal CW
interference

38. Measurement Setup 2 ( Receiver Test)
Enable test mode
PC controller
E1852A
Racer
RF output
Bluetooth
DUT
Through cable or
By air

39. Bluetooth Receiver Test
2018/2/5
Bluetooth Receiver Test
(1) Sensitivity (single-slot)
loopback mode, hopping off
received power -70 dBm
dirty single slot packets as test signal (impairment including freq. Drift & freq. Offset)
BER  0.1 % at bit counts
Solution
ESG-D Digital Signal Generator + opt. UND Arbitrary Waveform Generator + opt. UN7 BERT
The properties of the packets are chosen according to Table below. Beside those parameters the reference signal settings have to be used. The tester transmits the first 20 ms using the first parameter set (see Table).The second 20 ms are transmitted with parameter set 2 and so forth. After the 10th set of parameters has been used, the tester continues using the first set again.
Set CF offset Mod index Symbol timing
1 75 kHz ppm
2 14 kHz ppm
3 - 2 kHz ppm
4 1 kHz ppm
5 39 kHz ppm
6 0 kHz ppm
7 -42 kHz ppm
8 74 kHz ppm
9 -19 kHz ppm
kHz ppm
Addtional to the described dirty transmitter signal parameters in the above table, a synchronized sine wave frequency modulation (packet start at 0°) with a deviation of  25kHz(single-slot packet)/40kHz(multi-slot packet) and a modulation frequency of 1.6kHz(1-slot)/500Hz(3-slot)/300Hz(5-slot) shall be modulated on the signal to realize the carrier frequency drift.

40. Bluetooth Receiver Test
2018/2/5
Bluetooth Receiver Test
(2) Sensitivity (multi-slot packets)
loopback mode, hopping off
received power -70 dBm
dirty single slot packets as test signal (impairment including freq. Drift & freq. Offset)
BER  0.1 % at bit counts
Solution
ESG-D Digital Signal Generator + opt. UND Arbitrary Waveform Generator + opt. UN7 BERT
The properties of the packets are chosen according to Table below. Beside those parameters the reference signal settings have to be used. The tester transmits the first 20 ms using the first parameter set (see Table).The second 20 ms are transmitted with parameter set 2 and so forth. After the 10th set of parameters has been used, the tester continues using the first set again.
Set CF offset Mod index Symbol timing
1 75 kHz ppm
2 14 kHz ppm
3 - 2 kHz ppm
4 1 kHz ppm
5 39 kHz ppm
6 0 kHz ppm
7 -42 kHz ppm
8 74 kHz ppm
9 -19 kHz ppm
kHz ppm
Addtional to the described dirty transmitter signal parameters in the above table, a synchronized sine wave frequency modulation (packet start at 0°) with a deviation of  25kHz(single-slot packet)/40kHz(multi-slot packet) and a modulation frequency of 1.6kHz(1-slot)/500Hz(3-slot)/300Hz(5-slot) shall be modulated on the signal to realize the carrier frequency drift.

41. Bluetooth Receiver Test
(3) C / I Performance
loopback mode, hopping off
wanted modulated signal + co/adjacent/other channel modulated signal
BER  0.1 % at bit counts
Solution
ESG-D Digital Signal Generator ( 2 ) + opt. UND Arbitrary Waveform Generator( 2 ) + opt. UN7 BERT

42. Bluetooth Receiver Test
(4) Blocking Performance
loopback mode, hopping off
wanted modulated signal + CW interference from 30 MHz to GHz
BER  0.1 % at bit counts
Solutions
ESG-D Digital Signal Generator + UND + UN7
E6432A 20GHz uwave source

43. Bluetooth Receiver Test
(5) Intermodulation Performance
loopback mode, hopping off
wanted modulated signal + unwanted modulated signal + CW interference
BER  0.1 % at bit counts
Solutions
ESG-D Digital Signal Generator ( 2 ) + UND ( 2 ) + UN7
E6432A 20GHz uwave source

44. Bluetooth Receiver Test
(6) Maximum Input Level
loopback mode, hopping off
received power -20dBm
BER  0.1 % at bit counts
Solution
ESG-D Digital Signal Generator + UND + UN7

45. Agilent Technologies Bluetooth Testing Equipment ( for R&D)
2018/2/5
Agilent Technologies Bluetooth Testing Equipment ( for R&D)
ESG D-series RF Signal Generator with Option UN8 Real-Time IQ BB Generator , Option UND Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator and Option UN7BER Tester
89600 Vector Signal Analyzer
ESA Spectrum Analyzer
83711B
20GHz source (could be CW interference)
E1852A RACER A Bluetooth RF Interface Test Set
3GHz 3 way splitter

46. Agilent Technologies Bluetooth Testing Equipment (for manufacturing)
ESG D-series RF Signal
(could be co-channel or adjacent channel signal)
E1852A RACER A Bluetooth RF Interface Test Set
ESA Spectrum Analyzer
83711B
20GHz source (could be CW interference)
3GHz 3 way splitter

47. Why you choose Agilent as a partner in Bluetooth Measurement
Provide total solution for different Bluetooth measurement
Training course / Consultant service
Maintenance
Instrument intergration
Long-term partnership
Certificated ISO-9002 Calibration Capability---> Ensure Products Quality.