1. Chapter 8: Motivation : From Concepts to Applications
Ziad alsalim Mohammad G. Bajwa Ali aldossary Abdlrahman alTamimi Mohammed Tayara

2. The job Characteristics Model
Skill variety
Task identity
Task significance
Autonomy
Feedback
Motivation Potential Score
MPS = ((skill variety + Task identity + Task significance) / 3) * Autonomy * Feedback
Note. If score high Motivation, Performance, Satisfaction will improve & absence, turnover will de reduced.

3. Redesigning of jobs Job rotation Job enrichment:
The periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another.
Job enrichment:
Combine tasks
Form natural work units
Establish Client relationships
Expand job vertically
Open Feedback channels

4. Alternative work arrangement
Flextime
Advantages: Reduced absenteeism, Increased productivity.
Disadvantages: Not applicable to every job.
Job Sharing
Advantages: Draw talents of more than one individual, Acquire skilled workers.
Disadvantages: Finding compatible pairs of employees how can successfully coordinate a good job.
Telecommuting
Advantages: : Large labor pool, Positive relationship between telecommuters and supervisors.
Disadvantages: Less direct supervision of employees.

5. Employee Involvement The 2 major forms of involvement
Participative Management
A process in which subordinates share a significant degree of decision-making power with their immediate superiors.
Representative Participation
A system in which workers participate in organizational decision making through a small group of representative employees.

6. Variable-pay Programs
1.Piece-Rate Pay: each unit of production completed 2. Merit-Based Pay 3. Bonuses 4. Skilled-Based Pay 5. Profit-Sharing Plans 6. Gain sharing: A formula-based group incentive plan 7. Employee Stock Ownership Plans