1. Ex.) putting socks on same way, needing a blue pen for tests, etc.
What is Abnormal Behavior?
The definition of the word abnormal is simple enough: deviating from the norm. However, applying this to psychology poses a complex problem: what is normal?
Neurosis: personality trait, quirk, part of personality and not “maladaptive”
Ex.) putting socks on same way, needing a blue pen for tests, etc.
2. Psychosis: issues that get in the way of life – for self and others.
One way of defining abnormality is statistical deviation. Most human characteristics are nicely distributed along a smooth bell-shaped curve.
1. Maladaptive to one's self - inability to reach goals, to adapt to the demands of life and  2. Maladaptive to society - interferes, disrupts social group functioning.

2. What causes abnormal behavior?
Each approach has different causes
Psychoanalytical
Internal Conflict stems from childhood trauma
Behavioral
Maladaptive responses learned from reinforcement of wrong behavior
Cognitive
Abnormal view of the world and of self perception
Biological Approach
Result of neurochemical imbalances, structural brain damage or processing, genetics

3. How is abnormal behavior a medical disease?
Psychopathology: Study of origin, development of disorders
Etiology: causes, development and prognosis
American Psychological Association (APA) uses the DSM-IV to classify psychological disorders by symptoms
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychological Disorders

4. Global Assessment of Function Scale
91–100 Superior functioning in a wide range of activities, life's problems never seem to get out of hand, is sought out by others because of his or her many qualities. No symptoms.
81–90 Absent or minimal symptoms, good functioning in all areas, interested and involved in a wide range of activities, socially effective, generally satisfied with life, no more than everyday problems or concerns.
71–80 If symptoms are present they are transient and expectable reactions to psychosocial stresses; no more than slight impairment in social, occupational, or school functioning.
61–70 Some mild symptoms OR some difficulty in social, occupational, or school functioning, but generally functioning pretty well, has some meaningful interpersonal relationships.
51–60 Moderate symptoms OR any moderate difficulty in social, occupational, or school functioning.
41–50 Serious symptoms OR any serious impairment in social, occupational, or school functioning.
31–40 Some impairment in reality testing or communication OR major impairment in several areas, such as work or school, family relations, judgment, thinking, or mood.
21–30 Behavior is considerably influenced by delusions or hallucinations OR serious impairment in communications or judgment OR inability to function in all areas.1
1–20 Some danger of hurting self or others OR occasionally fails to maintain minimal personal hygiene OR gross impairment in communication.
1–10 Persistent danger of severely hurting self or others OR persistent inability to maintain minimum personal hygiene OR serious suicidal act with clear expectation of death.
0 Not enough information available to provide GAF.

5. The process of channeling emotional energy into constructive or creative activities
Form of denial where memories are forgotten, not just avoided
Syndrome where parents inflict medical harm on a child or other to garner attention for themselves
Reverting back to a time where one was younger in behavior to deal with an emotional issue
Fleeing your home after an emotional trauma and forgetting your identity
Expressing the opposite of what you feel
Angry at your teacher, you come home and kick the cat, this is:
Term for condition in which psychological issues are expressed in bodily symptoms in the absence of any real physical problem
Freudian idea that help us cope with unbearable thoughts, feelings and wishes.
Pushing out of bad memories after first acknowledging them
The process of explaining a problem so as not to take any blame (or blame someone else
Taking on characteristics of someone who has mistreated us in order to psychologically avoid abuse.
A condition derived from an Incident in from a 1973 hostage incident in Sweden where hostages sympathized with captors -
The process of attributing our own thoughts to someone else. “My friend is angry at me” (when you are actually angry with your friend)
The process of removing our feelings about an event and discussing it in a calm, intelligent, rational and unemotional way
Choose two (2) scenes from “Reign Over Me” and describe the self defense mechanism the character used and why. (You may use any character.)

6. What is your biggest fear. How many of you like roller coasters
What is your biggest fear? How many of you like roller coasters? -Scary Movies?
Fears and Phobias
Types of Phobias

7. What is the DSM-IV? Why is it used? List an Axis I and II disorder.
Do Now:
What is the DSM-IV?
Why is it used?
List an Axis I and II disorder.
Types of Phobias

8. DSM-IV Axis I Axis II Clinical Syndromes
Classifies disorders by symptoms. 17 Categories divided into 400 disorders
Axis I
Axis II
Clinical Syndromes
Major disorders: anxiety, depression, substance abuse, schizophrenia , learning disabilities
Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Pervasive Developmental Disabilities
Axis IV
Axis III
Social disorders that contribute to mental issues
Physical conditions and disorders that cause mental issues
Axis V: measures impact of disorder
Assessment of Children
GAF (Global Assessment of Functioning)
DSM

9. Types of Disorders

10. What are some types of Disorders?
Anxiety Disorders
Primary symptom
G.A.D., Panic Attacks
O.C.D.: Obsessions (thoughts) Compulsions (actions)
P.T.S.D.: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Phobias
Intense irrational fear
Fear becomes phobia when it causes avoidance or disrupts life
5% of the population has a phobia
Agoraphobia – fear of public
Acrophobia – fear of heights
Claustrophobia – fear of closed spaces ..

11. Dissociative Disorders
Somatoform Disorders
Physical symptoms: pain, nausea, etc.
Conversion disorders
Hypochondriasis
Dissociative Disorders
Sudden loss of memory or change in identity, amnesia
Fugue: flight from home to new identity
Dissociative Amnesia: traumatic event causes amnesia – memories may reappear
Dissociative Identity Disorder: multi-personality disorder
Often caused by sexual abuse as a child- splitting, losing time, different personalities
Very Rare. (Sybil, Fight Club, All about Eve) … …

12. Moods that disrupt entire emotional state
Mood Disorders
Moods that disrupt entire emotional state
Unipolar Depressive and Bipolar Depressive
Clinical Depression: lasts more than 2 weeks
Dysthmia: mild depression
Bipolar Disorder:
Mood Swings between major periods of depression and mania
Mania: no sleep, big ego, talking fast, impulsive: gambling/sexual/dangerous behaviors
Cycling: time period between swings
Mild Bipolar Disorder: very common and easily medicated and treated

13. What is Abnormal Psychology?
1. Disturbing
2. Disabling
3. Maladaptive
Scientific Study of abnormal-
Behaviors, Neurosis, Psychosis
Goal is to change abnormal behavior patterns
Behaviors that are:

14. Abnormal Psych: Section I Review
1.What is the definition of abnormal psychology?
2. The goal of abnormal psychologists is to change these types of behaviors
3. What is meant by the term Maladaptive? In what two ways would a psychologist look for maladaptive behavior?
4. What four (4) approaches seek to find causes of abnormal behavior?
5. What would a psychoanalytical psychologist look for to determine causes of abnormal behavior?
6. What would a behavioral psychologist look for to determine causes of abnormal behavior?
7. What would a cognitive psychologist look for to determine causes of abnormal behavior?
8. What would a biological psychologist look for to determine causes of abnormal behavior?
9. What is psychopathology and etiology?
10. What is the DSM-IV?

15. Quiz: Abnormal Psych – Section I
1. What is the definition of abnormal psychology?
__________________________________________________________________
2. The goal of abnormal psychologists is to change these three (3) types of behaviors
1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
3. What is meant by the term Maladaptive? In what two ways would a psychologist look for maladaptive behavior? __________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. What four (4) approaches seek to find causes of abnormal behavior?
1._______________________________ 2.____________________________________
3._______________________________ 4.____________________________________
5. What would a psychoanalytical psychologist look for to determine causes of abnormal behavior?
6. What would a behavioral psychologist look for to determine causes of abnormal behavior?
7. What would a cognitive psychologist look for to determine causes of abnormal behavior?
8. What would a biological psychologist look for to determine causes of abnormal behavior?
9. What is psychopathology and etiology?
10. What is the DSM-IV? __________________________________________________________________

16. Types of Schizophrenia
Lack of touch with reality, hallucinations, delusions
Abnormal perceptions
Clang Associations
Types of Schizophrenia
Paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
Undifferentiated ..

17. Do Now: What is an Anxiety Disorder?
What is Schizophrenia and what are the types?
Do Now:

18. What are some other types of Personality Disorders?

19. Personality Disorders: Odd/eccentric Type
Paranoid
Suspicious, mistrustful
Schizoid
Cold, withdrawn
Poor ability to form social relationships
Schizotypal
Odd Thinking
Suspicious and hostile

20. Personality Disorders: Dramatic/emotionally problematic
Histrionic
Excessively dramatic, overreacting, egocentric, attention seeking
Narcissistic
Unrealistically self important
Manipulative, lacks empathy
Borderline
Emotionally unstable
Unpredictable, clingy, chaotic relationships, good/bad no middle

21. Personality Disorders: Chronic fearfulness/avoidant
Sensitive to personal rejection, socially withdrawn but desires acceptance
Dependent
Lacking in self confidence, allows others to make decisions
Puts others needs first without thought to own, submissive
Obsessive-Compulsive
Also as a personality disorder – can be a personality trait (more mild)
Emotionally insensitive, rigid, preoccupied with rules, schedules, etc.

22. Personality Disorders: Antisocial Type
Antisocial Disorders
Used to be called sociopaths or psychopaths. Violate others rights, no remorse, no guilt, self indulgent, charming, can be violent
Not just serial killers – often in positions of authority, high ranking, etc.

23. What is the difference between a sociopath and a psychopath
What is the difference between a sociopath and a psychopath? It depends who you ask.
The terms "sociopath" and "psychopath" describe pretty much the same personality disorder—people who feel no emotional connections to others and have zero regard for the rules and regulations of society. When most people think of a "psychopath," they think of a serial killer. Although some people with this disorder are killers, the vast majority are not. Today they are referred to as “Antisocial Personality Disorder”

24. Signs of A.S.P.D. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicted by repeated physical fights or assaults
Reckless disregard for safety of self or others
Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations
Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent about having hurt, mistreated or stolen from another
Lying or stories don’t add up
Will slowly and subtly separate you from people who may question his plans. He may intercept phone calls from your friends. He may refuse to associate with your family.
Sociopathic con artists often exhibit a "predatory stare"—unblinking, fixated and emotionless. It's not a sign of empathy—it's an effort to assert control.
Extreme and sudden “love” when they hardly know you. Lavish flattery

25. (Extracted from an article by Robert Matthews in the Sunday Telegraph Review, May 4th 1997)
While such personality disorders as psychopathy, paranoia and obsession/compulsion all have strictly defined criteria, psychiatrists are still struggling to decide precisely what constitutes a socialized psychopath.
One of the more obvious characteristics of socialized psychopaths is that they give the impression of talking "at" you.  Prof Jeremy Coid describes it as like being regarded as a cardboard cut-out. 
The following questionnaire is based on research and experiences of socialized psychopaths.  For each trait, decide if it applies to the person you suspect may be a socialized psychopath, fully (2 points), partially (1 point) or not at all (0 points).
Do they have problems sustaining stable relationships, personally and in business?  
Do they frequently manipulate others to achieve selfish goals, with no consideration of the effects on those manipulated?  
Are they cavalier about the truth, and capable of telling lies to your face?  
Do they have an air of self-importance, regardless of their true standing in society?  
Have they no apparent sense of remorse, shame or guilt?  
Is their charm superficial, and capable of being switched on to suit immediate ends?  
Are they easily bored and demand constant stimulation?  
Are their displays of human emotion unconvincing?  
Do they enjoy taking risks, and acting on reckless impulse?  
Are they quick to blame others for their mistakes?  
As teenagers, did they resent authority, play truant and/or steal?  
Do they have no qualms about sponging off others?  
How to spot a sociopath

26. 13. Are they quick to lose their temper?  
14. Are they sexually promiscuous?  
15. Do they have a belligerent, bullying manner?  
16. Are they unrealistic about their long-term aims?  
17. Do they lack any ability to empathize with others?  
18. Would you regard them as essentially irresponsible?
A score of 25 or above suggests strong psychopathic tendencies.  This does not mean the person is a potential mass-murderer: socialized psychopaths are not mad, nor do they have to resort to violence.  Even so, a close professional or emotional relationship with a socialized psychopath is likely to prove a damaging experience.

27. 14 Signs of a potential serial killer
Over 90 percent of serial killers are male They tend to be intelligent, with IQ's in the "bright normal" range They do poorly in school, have trouble holding down jobs, and often work as unskilled laborers. They tend to come from markedly unstable families. As children, they are abandoned by their fathers and raised by domineering mothers. Their families often have criminal, psychiatric and alcoholic histories. They hate their fathers and mothers. They are commonly abused as children: psychologically, physically and sexually. Often the abuse is by a family member. Many serial killers spend time in institutions as children and have records of early psychiatric problems. They have high rates of suicide attempts. From an early age, many are intensely interested in voyeurism, fetishism, and sado-masochistic pornography. More than 60 percent of serial killers wet their beds beyond the age of 12. Many serial killers are fascinated with fire starting. They are involved with sadistic activity or tormenting small creatures
Source: Internal Association of Forensic Science, an article written by FBI Special Agent Robert K. Ressler "The Serial Killer," Harold Schechter

28. Recognize the severity of the situation
Recognize the severity of the situation. If you think killing a hamster and torturing a dog is where it's going to stop, you're wrong. A child harming or killing a family pet is a precursor to some very serious violent behavior. Research in psychology and criminology shows that people who commit acts of cruelty against animals don't stop there; many of them move on to their fellow humans. Children who harm family pets are at risk for other kinds of acting out behavior and need immediate help. What also goes along with torturing animals is setting fires. If you smell smoke, you'd better take it seriously.
Studies show that acts of cruelty toward animals are the first signs of violent pathology that includes human victims.
Animal abuse is not just the result of a minor personality flaw in the abuser, but a symptom of a deep mental disturbance.
The FBI has found that a history of cruelty to animals is one of the traits that regularly appear in its computer records of serial rapists and murderers.
Studies show that violent and aggressive criminals are more likely to have abused animals as children.
Domestic abuse is directed toward the powerless; animal abuse and child abuse often goes hand and hand.

29. Developmental Disorders Commonly detected early
Disorders of childhood, infancy and adolescence
Commonly detected early
ADHD/ADD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Unable to focus attention, impulsive
Failure to complete tasks, easily distracted
Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Range of disorders based on symptoms diagnosed early in life

30. Do Now:
How is your intelligence measured in school?
How is your intelligence measured when you meet a new group of people your age?

31. Do Now: Brainstorm what Valley Central High School has that you like
Brainstorm what Valley Central High School has that you don’t like.
Brainstorm what OTHER schools you‘ve visited have that you don’t like
Brainstorm what OTHER schools you’ve visited have that you like.

32. What are the current sociological needs of adolescents?
What are the current academic needs of adolescents that will best prepare them for the future in society?
What kind of infrastructure do you think works best?

33. Symptoms of Autism Symptoms 1. Lack of response to others
2. Impairment in verbal/nonverbal communication
3. Very limited activities and interests, repetitive behavior (stacking or lining up objects, etc.)
Types
Aspergers Disorder
P.D.D. Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Autism (moderate to severe)
Signs
No babbling by 12 months.
No gesturing (pointing, waving goodbye, etc.) by 12 months.
No single words by 16 months.
No two-word spontaneous phrases (other than instances of copy cat) by 24 months.
Any loss of any language or social skills, at any age
Aspergers: fixation on one topic, lack of empathy, poor social skills, normal or high intelligence

34. Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R)
Repetitive Movement: is repetitive movement, such as hand flapping, making sounds, head rolling, or body rocking.
Compulsive Behavior: is intended and appears to follow rules, such as arranging objects in stacks or lines.
Sameness is resistance to change; for example, insisting that the furniture not be moved or refusing to be interrupted.
Rituals: involves an unvarying pattern of daily activities, such as an unchanging menu or a dressing ritual. This is closely associated with sameness and an independent validation has suggested combining the two factors.
Restricted behavior is limited in focus, interest, or activity, such as preoccupation with a single television program, toy, or game.
Self Injury: includes movements that injure or can injure the person, such as eye poking, hand biting, and head banging. A 2007 study reported that self-injury at some point affected about 30% of children with ASD.[
No single repetitive behavior seems to be specific to autism, but only autism appears to have an elevated pattern of occurrence and severity of these behaviors

35. Eating disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Abnormally restrictive food consumption, less than 85% ideal weight, unrealistic body image, can result in death.
Bulimia Nervosa
Binging and purging,(vomiting). Intake of thousands of calories, guilty, self critical, use of laxatives, can ruin tooth enamel, esophagus, nutritional and intestinal damage
Pica
Eating odd objects other than food, often chalk, paper, dirt. Seen in pregnancy as a nutritional disorder and in children older than 12 months as a possible developmental disorder

36. Personality Disorders
Longstanding maladaptive thought and behavior patterns
Categorized
Three Clusters
1. Odd/Eccentric
2. Dramatic/Emotional
3. Anti social

37. Summary: Section II 16. Define Borderline Personality Disorder
1. What is the DSM-IV used for?
2. What are the five (5) axis categories on the DSM-IV?
3. What is the Global Assessment Scale?
4. What is an anxiety disorder?
5. Give two (2) examples of anxiety disorders
6. What is a phobia of being in small crowded places
7. What is a Somatoform Disorder?
8. Give two (2) examples of a dissociative disorder.
9. What is Schizophrenia?
11. What is the definition of personality disorder?
12. What three (3) ways are they categorized?
13. Define Paranoid Type
16. Define Borderline Personality Disorder
17. Define Histrionic Personality Disorder
18. Define Narcissistic Personality Disorder
19. Define Avoidant Personality Disorder?
20. What is antisocial personality disorder?
21. List two different types of Autism
22. List 3 major symptoms of Autistic Spectrum Disorders in infants
23. What is Anorexia Nervosa?
24. What is Bulimia Nervosa?
25. What is Pica?

38. Schedule for Week of 1/10 – 1/13
Abnormal Psych: Intro
Abnormal Psych notes
Schedule for Week of 1/18 – 1/19
Abnormal Psych – end
Schizophrenia Clip
Review for Final
Schedule for Week of 1/20 – 1/21
Final Exam
As Good as it Gets