1. Review Session 2

2. What is a mineral? 1. Naturally occurring- not man made
2. Inorganic- not from living things
3. Chemical composition – definite formula
4. Crystalline form- a unique crystal shape.
5. Solid- cooled to form solid structure

4. Properties we TEST Streak: color of a minerals powder
rub a mineral across an unglazed tile
streak may be different color than mineral
mineral color may vary but streak will not
non-metallic minerals usually have a colorless or white streak
metallic minerals will have a dark streak

5. Mineral:
 Pyroxene 
 Hematite 
 Limonite 
 Magnetite 
 Amphibole 
Streak color: 
 Colorless 
 Brick red 
 Yellow brown 
 Black 

6. Properties we TEST Hardness: resistance to scratching
Mohs Scale of Hardness: assigns a numeric value of 1 to 10.
Diamond is the hardest mineral = 10
Talc is the softest mineral = 1
* The hardest common mineral is quartz at about a 7!

7. Properties we TEST
Cleavage: the tendency to split along smooth flat surfaces (cleavage planes)
Cleavage planes- parallel surfaces
Example: a cube has 3 cleavage planes

8. Properties we TEST
Fracture: mineral breaks other than at cleavage planes
may be rough and jagged
may be conchoidal

9. There are THREE Major Types of Rocks
Igneous: Rocks formed by the cooling and solidification of lava
Sedimentary: Rocks formed by the deposition and compaction of layers of sediment
Metamorphic: Rocks formed by intense
heat and pressure changing them from previously existing rocks into something else

10. How are igneous rocks formed?
Key Concept #1
How are igneous rocks formed?
the melting and
solidification of
magma

11. form on the surface (small crystals) Form on the EXterior
Intrusive
Extrusive
form on the
surface
(small crystals)
Form on the EXterior
form below the
surface
(large crystals)
Form on the INside

13. Features of Sedimentary Rocks

14. Stratification Arrangement in visible layers
When any change occurs where layers are forming, new layers will form on top
If sand is deposited on clay a layer of sandstone will form on a layer of shale

15. Fossilization Animals and plants die, then get buried
Soft parts decay, but hard parts remain as fossils
Fossils can be remains, impressions, or any other evidence of plants or animals preserved in rock
Shells are most often found in sandstone and limestone
Usually shells dissolve but other minerals too their place in that shape

17. The Rock Cycle Diagram on Page 6
ONE BIG CIRCLE.
Words with rectangles = types of rock
Words with ovals = states of rock
Arrows = Actions taken to change/make rocks.