1. Anatomy Tissue Practical Review
By: Katie Day

2. Epithelium Tissues

3. Simple Squamous Single layer of flat cells Usually forms membranes
Lines body cavities
Lines alveoli of lungs and capillaries

4. Simple Cuboidal Single layer of cube-like cells
Common in glands and their ducts
Forms walls of kidney tubules
Covers the ovaries

5. Simple Columnar Single layer of tall cells
Often includes goblet cells, which produce mucus
Lines digestive tract (stomach, intestines, etc.)
Once the goblet cells produce they swell to the top

6. Simple Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar
Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others
Often looks like a double cell layer
Sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract
May function in absorption or secretion
Found in the trachea and bronchi

7. Stratified Cuboidal Two layers of cuboidal cells
(same characteristics of a simple cuboidal)
Rare in the body – found in salivary glands, male urethra

8. Stratified Columnar Surface cells are columnar cells
Vary in size and shape the columnar cells do
Rare in human body, forms ducts of large glands

9. Transitional Epithelium
Found in areas where tissue stretching/distension is common
Shape of cells depends upon the degree of stretching
Lines organs of the urinary system (ex. the urinary bladder)

10. Connective Tissues

11. Bone (Osseous) Tissue Composed of
Bone cells in lacunae (cavities – look at the small dark spots)
Hard matrix of calcium cells
Large numbers of collagen fibers
Used to protect and support the body

12. Hyaline Cartilage Most common cartilage in humans Composed of
Abundant collagen fibers
Rubbery matrix
Fibers are masked by glassy, purplish ground substance
ENTIRE FETAL SKELETON IS HYALINE CARTILAGE

13. Elastic Cartilage Provides elasticity
Lots of Chondrocytes are visible – cartilage cells
Example: supports the external ear (pinna)

14. Fibrocartilage Highly compressible
Not as dense as dense connective – some space between the fibers
Chondrocytes are visible – look like “little eyes”
Example: forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae

15. Dense Connective Tissue
Main matrix element is collagen fibers
Cells are fibroblasts
Hardly any space between fibers – very dense
Examples
Tendons- attaches muscle to bone
ligaments - attaches bone to bone

16. Areolar Connective Tissue
Most widely distributed connective tissue
Soft, pliable tissue
Contains all fiber types
Can soak up excess fluids to prevent edema (fluid accumulation)

17. Adipose Tissue (Fat)
Matrix is an areolar tissue in which fat globules predominate
Many cells contain large lipid deposits
Functions
Insulates the body
Protects some organs
Long-term energy storage

18. Reticular Connective Tissue
Delicate network of interwoven fibers
Forms stroma (internal supporting network) of lymphoid organs; lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow

19. Blood Tissue Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix (plasma)
Fibers are visible during clotting
Functions as the transport vehicle for materials

20. One or more cells that secretes a particular product
Endocrine Gland- ductless and secretion are hormones
Exocrine Gland- empty through ducts to the epithelial surface; includes sweat and oil glands
Glands
One or more cells that secretes a particular product