1. Classification of Bacteria
Dr Zahid Zia Sr Demonstrator Pathology

2. Modern Prokaryotic Classification
Eubacteria
Archeabacteria
Cyanobacteria
Thermophiles

3. Diversity of Bacteria

4. Classification of Bacteria
*Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
*Genus ( 1st name)
*Species ( 2nd name identifier)
Remember: King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti

5. Classification of Bacteria
Morphology – shape, color, gram specificity
Metabolism
Molecular techniques – Forensics, DNA finger prints, RNA, protein analysis

6. 1 Gram Negative Spiral Bacteria
Slender and flexible, come in a lot of different shapes
More rigid than spirochetes
Ex. – Campylobacter jejuni
Symptom – tenesmus: the sensation of desire to defecate, which is common and occurs frequently , with out the production of significant amounts of feces (often small amounts of mucous or blood are alone passed).

7. 2 Gram Negative Spirochetes
pathogenic
very flexible
tightly coiled, helically coiled
Example
syphilis
Treponema pallidum

8. Gram Negative Spirochetes
Most of pathogenic
Very flexible
Tightly coiled, helically coiled
Example
Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
(organism gets lodged in tissues)

9. 3 Gram Negative Aerobic Rods
Legionella pneumophila
Lower respiratory tract infection
Needs oxygen

10. Gram Negative Aerobic Rods
Bordetella pertussis – whooping cough
Needs oxygen

11. Gram Negative Aerobic Rods
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (pigmented)
Needs moisture
Common in hospitals
Opportunistic pathogen – causes UTI, skin, and lung infection

12. 4 Gram Negative Facultative Rods
Vibrio
V. cholerae
Most well known of group
Very severe dysentery. Can lose
10-15 liters of water/day. Leads
to hypovolemia – low water, hardly
any water in body
V. vulnificus
Very pathogenic
Can cause flesh eating disease,
if it gets in a wound
V. parahaemolyticus
Found in shellfish – oysters
Halophile – loves salt (will find in oceans, estuaries)
Self limiting

13. Gram Negative Facultative Rods
Enteric
Salmonella
Shigella
E. coli (0157H7)

14. 5 Gram Negative Anaerobic Rods
Fusobacterium
Live in between teeth and gums
Cause tooth abscesses and periodontal disease
Teeth have nothing to anchor – bone is destroyed

15. 6 Gram Negative Cocci or Coccobaccilli (plump rods)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae – Usually a diplococcus in PMN Sexually Transmitted Disease very antibiotic resistant

16. Gram Negative Cocci or Coccobaccilli (plump rods)
Neisseria meningitidis
very infectious and communicable.

17. Gram Negative Cocci or Coccobaccilli (plump rods)
Acinetobacter baumanni iv. lwoffi opportunistic, UTI, skin, and upper respiratory

18. 7 Chlamydia Gram Negative Rods (Transitional)
Very short little rods
Gram negative
Transitional – doesn’t hold stain well
Do not have the ability to synthesize own ATP, therefore and obligate intracellular parasite of other animals (humans)
Can go asymptomatic for a long time
Ex.
C. trachomatis – STD, causes eye infection
C. psittaci – parrot (associated with birds)

19. 8 Rickettsia Gram Negative Rod (Transitional)
Small gram negative rods
Transitional – doesn’t hold stain well
Can’t synthesize it’s own NAD, coenzyme A, therefore an obligate intracellular parasite
Causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Example
R. Prowazekii

20. 9 Mycoplasma Gram Positive (Transitional )
Gram positive – only because they take in dye in cell membrane but it washes away
Transitional – doesn’t hold stain well.
Have no cell wall
Can not treat with penicillin
Ex.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae – causes LRTI
Ureaplasma urealyticum – causes UTI
Both imbed themselves in the tissue. The most cell damage is done by the immune system destroying the tissue.

21. 10 Gram Positive Cocci Staphyloccocus aureus MRSA
These bacteria can break
down all tissues of body.

22. Gram Positive Cocci Streptococcus pyogenes – no antibiotic resistance
right now
These bacteria can break
down all tissues of body.

23. 11 Gram positive Endospore Forming Rods
Difficult to get rid of because of endospores
Example
Clostridium tetani

24. Gram positive Endospore Forming Rods
Difficult to get rid of because of endospores
Example
C. perfringens – gangrene

25. Gram positive Endospore Forming Rods
Difficult to get rid of because of endospores
Common in hospitals
Example
C. difficile
antibiotic associated
pseudmembraneous
enterocolitis

26. Clostridium difficile

27. Gram positive Endospore Forming Rods
Bacillus
B. anthracis – anthrax
zoonosis

28. Gram positive Endospore Forming Rods
Bacillus
B. cereus – food poising
Especially in high carb foods – rice, vermicelli
B. thuringiensis – natures insecticide

29. 12 Coryneforms Pleomorphic (many shapes) Example
Corynebacterium diphtheriae

30. 13 Mycobacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis Gram positive and Acid Fast
Respiratory Pathogen
MDR-TB
In the 1950s we sent people with TB to the sanitariums

31. Mycobacteria Gram positive and Acid Fast
M. avium intracellular complex (MAC)
Really bad bug
Currently no drugs can cure it
Especially bad for people with AIDS
Can cause atypical TB

32. Mycobacteria Gram positive and Acid Fast M. leprae
Causative agent of leprosy
Not very common
Only affects areas of body that are below body temperature
Natural reservoir is the armadillo