1. World War Two
Reaction to Pearl Harbor: The War in the Pacific & Japanese American Internment Camps

2. Pearl Harbor 1940: Japan joins Germany & Italy (Axis)
U.S. embargo w/Japan
Fuel, metals, parts, etc.
Dec. 7, “a date that will live in infamy”
2400 dead, injured
19 ships, 188 planes
War declared on Japan

3. Reaction on the Home Front
Anti-Japanese feelings were high
Definitions:
Issei: A Japanese immigrant, especially one to the United States.
Nisei: person born in America of parents who emigrated from Japan.
Kibei: a native U.S. citizen born of immigrant Japanese parents but educated largely in Japan.

5. Mobilizing at home Germany & Italy declare war on US
Two front war (or more)
N. Africa too
1.6 M men available
Volunteers
Women (350K will serve)
WAVES
WACs
Non combat
M, M

6. Segregation African Americans White officers
Jobs? Cooks, laborers, etc.
Combat? When they did, they did well.
Eisenhower brings integration
350K Hispanic Americans
Nisei decoded
Navajo Code (later)

7. After Pearl Harbor…Early Allied losses
Jan. ’42: Japanese capture Burma, the Dutch East Indies, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands & the capture of Manila, Philippines.
Feb ’42: Battle of Singapore
130,000 Allied troops (Indian, Australian and British troops) became prisoners of war (POWs).

9. Bataan
January 2, 1942: The Japanese begin to occupy Manila, Philippine capital.
March ‘42, under orders from FDR, Gen. MacArthur leaves the Philippines for Australia.
“ I shall return.”….and he did!

10. April 3: Japan launches its final offensive on Bataan.
April 9: General Edward King surrenders Bataan.
The Death March!!

11. April 10: The 60-80 mile death march
Thousands of Americans and Filipinos die from starvation, thirst, disease and random execution.
1/3 of the 70,000+ died during the march.
Short video clip (enrichment)

12. Listen to excerpts… if absent, read the 5 pages

13. Nearly three years as POWs…if you survived
Bataan Rescue-We will watch March 19th and 20th while Mr. B is absent

14. On the Home Front Patriotism Japanese Internment Camps
enlistment
Anti- Axis feelings 
Women in the factories
Rationing
Victory gardens & bonds
Propaganda
Japanese Internment Camps

15. Japanese Internment Camps
Executive Order Feb 19, 1942
-Est. military zones and relocated ,000 Japanese Americans or people of Japanese ancestry
- Why did they do it?
Hysteria
National security

17. The round up
Henry went to the Control Station to register the family. He came home with twenty tags, all numbered "10710," tags to be attached to each piece of baggage, and one to hang from our coat lapels. From then on, we were known as Family #10710.

18. Lost property? Reduced value?

19. In WA stateCamp Harmony
Today- The Puyallup Fairgrounds
Temporary housing until sent into the desert.
Housed ~8000 people of Japanese decent.
Crowded, boring, family culture changed or ruined
Great website for those interested.

20. Listen to excerpts
"I remember the soldiers marching us to the Army tank and I looked at their rifles and I was just terrified because I could see this long knife at the end I thought I was imagining it as an adult much later I thought it couldn't have been bayonets because we were just little kids."

21. Lack of privacy
“The thing that really hit most of us was the lack of privacy. There was no privacy whatsoever. You could see daylight in between the slats of the buildings. A good day for Peeping Toms if there were any. No closets. Just a potbelly stove for each family in one room. I felt sorry for some of the teenagers especially the shy ones. Some couldn’t take it. I recall one of the girls lost her mind.” Miyo Uchiyama

22. Barracks

23. Barracks were sparse

24. Children losing friends 

26. Food
The Internment Camps:
--primary resource (audio)

27. Moved to Minidoka, ID

28. In the camps

29. Summary of camp life Lacked privacy Stripped of basic freedoms
Extreme temperatures
Barbed wire fences, barracks, armed guards
Communal toilets, bathing & dining facilities
Loss of family structure

30. Health impact "Long-term health consequences included:
1. psychological anguish
2. increased cardiovascular disease.
Survey information found former internees had a 2.1 greater risk of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular mortality, and premature death than did a non-interned counterpart."

31. Nisei Daughter Students will read Nisei Daughter
Time to work: 3/17 & 3/18

32. Rabbit in the Moon (video in Mr. B’s room)
In your notes:
Times: 8:50-20:20, 28:10-36:20, 37:45-44:04, 50:55-56:35
1. Describe the camp conditions for the inmates
2. What was daily life like?
3. Cause of Manzanar riots? Results?
4. Loyalty Oath & No-No boys
See reading as well
Small discussion to end class

33. Japanese Internment camps conclusion
Citizens had their constitutional rights taken from them.
It was prison-like conditions: often had poor facilities, poor health due to improper nutrition.
In 1988, “a tax-free restitution payment of $20,000 to eligible individuals of Japanese ancestry for the fundamental injustices of the evacuation, relocation, and internment during World War II.”

34. Home Front continued We have already examined: Propaganda posters
Role of women & Rosie the Riveter
Rationing and conservation
Internment Camps
Buying Victory Bonds
Cartoons entertain & educate. Racist? Inappropriate? Task-see handout. Answer questions for each of the numbered cartoons
1. Bugs Bunny-Any Bonds Today?
2. WWII cartoon pokes Japan & Axis
3. Blitz Wolf (with the 3 Little Pigs)
4. You’re a Sap, Mr. Jap
5. Snafu-spies
6. Der Fuhrer’s Face
7. SNAFU- Home Front

35. Enrichment Commando Duck Canadian cartoon w/Donald Duck
What Hitler Wants - Soviet Propaganda

36. Doolittle Raids (Tokyo Raids)
April 1942
1st attack on Japan
Military targets
US morale “boost”
USS Hornet + 16 bombers
Most landed successfully in China
POWs & 4 executed
250K Chinese killed

37. Jacob DeShazer
3 years as a POW
Missionary

38. Island hopping Capturing island by island, attempting to get close enough to begin bombing raids of Japan
Midway
Guadalcanal
Tarawa
Iwo Jima
Saipan
Okinawa
>>>goal? Mainland of Japan

39. Midway-June 1942
Yamamoto's primary goal was the elimination of our carrier forces
Turning point in the war (Pacific). US wins!
Destroy 4 Japanese carriers & 300 planes
Documentary pt. 1, (6:47-end))
Captured in color

40. Guadalcanal (8/’42-2/’43) Japan’s airstrip Plan to invade Australia
Heat, humidity poisonous bugs, dysentery
Strategic allied victory

41. Tarawa-November 1943 Take Japanese airfield 3,000+ US casualties
17/4500 Japanese survived
Video from History Channel
5:20
Reading

42. Island hopping review

44. 2. The Japanese were known to torpedo Allied “hospital ships.”
10 Things you may not have known about Japan? (Why many older folks may have a difficult time forgiving them)
Did you know?
1. The Japanese slaughtered as many as 30 million Asians at least 23 million of them Chinese.
2. The Japanese were known to torpedo Allied “hospital ships.”
Hospital ships were covered under the Hague Convention X of 1907.[3] Article four of the Hague Convention X outlined the restrictions for a hospital ship:
Ship must be clearly marked and lighted as a hospital ship
The ship should give medical assistance to wounded personnel of all nationalities
The ship must not be used for any military purpose
The ship must not interfere with or hamper enemy combatant vessels

45. 4. Captured women became “comfort women.”
3. Death rate for Allied POWs was 30%! Chinese rate MUCH HIGHER! Germany’s rate was only 4%!
4. Captured women became “comfort women.”
Chinese & Korean women seemed to be the biggest victims
¾ died, survivors obviously traumatized
5. Emperor Hirohito issued a “Three-Alls Policy.” ~ 2.7 million Chinese died
Kill All
Loot All
Burn All Scorched Earth policy

46. 6. Unit 731 Experiments on civilians & POWs
Tens of thousands die of bubonic plague, cholera, anthrax & other diseases.
~ 440,000 Chinese die from germ warfare
human damage done by burns, freezing, high pressure, and bullets
Vivisection & amputations w/o anesthesia

47. Unit 731 videos Examining this isn’t for shock value You learn why….
It’s sometimes difficult to forgive.
The Allies knew what they were fighting for
Humans can justify intolerance
11:20- 21:50

48. 7. Japanese dropped Fu-go or fire balloons
Hydrogen carrying bombs
Many assembled by teen girls
Japan launched ~9,300 (video)
300 reached N. America, killing 6
US concerned? Yes
Unit 731 & germ warfare over San Diego
Infected fleas! NY Times Article
Asked news agencies not to cover story

49. 8. Cannibalism Necessity or to “send a message?”
Dead or alive? Both Lord Russell’s book via Wikipedia

50. In some cases, flesh was cut from living people: another Indian POW, Lance Naik Hatam Ali (later a citizen of Pakistan), testified that in New Guinea: The Japanese started selecting prisoners and every day one prisoner was taken out and killed and eaten by the soldiers. I personally saw this happen and about 100 prisoners were eaten at this place by the Japanese. The remainder of us were taken to another spot 50 miles [80 km] away where 10 prisoners died of sickness. At this place, the Japanese again started selecting prisoners to eat. Those selected were taken to a hut where their flesh was cut from their bodies while they were alive and they were thrown into a ditch where they later died.

51. 9. Japanese submarines off the West Coast
Oregon: small bomber launched dropping incendiary bombs.
Washington: Story from HistoryLink
Only 1 died due to exposure

52. 10. Hell Ships (as seen in War Letters)
POWs taken to Japan & elsewhere forced labor
Conditions
little air, water, food
delirious and unresponsive
20K Allied POWs died
Allies sunk some despite knowledge of POWs
American POWs on Japanese Ships Take a Voyage into Hell By Lee A. Gladwin

54. Share one thing….. That you…..
1. Didn’t know and intrigued you. Explain
2. Disturbed you but…makes you want to learn more because it’s….”interesting.”
3. Other.
Goal: Share one thing you learned about the Japanese during WWII.

55. Kamikaze Suicide bombers “Divine wind” Impact on the war -READING
Watch video

56. Very thorough videos re: Kamikaze

57. Iwo Jima- Feb/Mar. 1945 Why Iwo Jima?
Strategically crucial to B-29 raids on mainland Japan
Japanese had been using airstrips for Kamikaze attacks.
Flag raising at Mount Suribachi 

58. Iwo Jima continued
The U.S. had underestimated the Japanese strength on the island
70,000 Marines  1/3 casualties
Japanese: ~ 20,000 killed
From Flags of our Fathers

59. Tokyo firebombing (assignment #__) (March 1945)
This will serve as the beginning of your Socratic Seminar Prep Work
Actively read(underline and write CM in margins)
GQs: Was this ethical? Was this necessary? Is all fair when it comes to winning a war?

60. Okinawa-add facts to your notes
HBO: The Pacific (watched follow the research)
82 days (Apr-June ‘45)
Get your phones out….partner or solo
See handout