1. Chapter 7: Metabolism: From Food to Life
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2. Adenosine monophosphate
can be regenerated by adding two phosphate groups to ATP.
is produced when one phosphate group is released from ATP.
has one high-energy phosphate bond.
is composed of one molecule of adenosine bonded to one phosphate group.
Answer: d) is composed of one molecule of adenosine bonded to one phosphate group.
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3. Adenosine monophosphate
can be regenerated by adding two phosphate groups to ATP.
is produced when one phosphate group is released from ATP.
has one high-energy phosphate bond.
is composed of one molecule of adenosine bonded to one phosphate group.
Answer: d) is composed of one molecule of adenosine bonded to one phosphate group.
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4. In which of the following types of chemical reactions is a compound catabolized by the addition of a molecule of water?
hydrolysis
dehydration synthesis
oxidation
phosphorylation
Answer: a) hydrolysis
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5. In which of the following types of chemical reactions is a compound catabolized by the addition of a molecule of water?
hydrolysis
dehydration synthesis
oxidation
phosphorylation
Answer: a) hydrolysis
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6. In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvate produced through glycolysis is converted to
lactate.
acetyl CoA.
oxaloacetate.
NADH.
Answer: a) lactate.
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7. In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvate produced through glycolysis is converted to
lactate.
acetyl CoA.
oxaloacetate.
NADH.
Answer: a) lactate.
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8. Ketones are produced when
people follow a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet.
oxaloacetate builds up and TCA cycle activity increases.
acetyl CoA is blocked from entering the TCA cycle.
All of the above can prompt the production of ketones.
Answer: c) acetyl CoA is blocked from entering the TCA cycle.
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9. Ketones are produced when
people follow a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet.
oxaloacetate builds up and TCA cycle activity increases.
acetyl CoA is blocked from entering the TCA cycle.
All of the above can prompt the production of ketones.
Answer: c) acetyl CoA is blocked from entering the TCA cycle.
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10. Amino acids are unique from other energy-yielding compounds in that
they cannot be converted to glucose (gluconeogenesis).
they contain nitrogen, which must be removed before the remaining compound can be used for energy.
they contain ammonia, which the kidneys convert to urea and excrete from the body in urine.
even when consumed to excess, they will not increase the synthesis of fatty acids.
Answer: b) they contain nitrogen, which must be removed before the remaining compound can be used for energy.
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11. Amino acids are unique from other energy-yielding compounds in that
they cannot be converted to glucose (gluconeogenesis).
they contain nitrogen, which must be removed before the remaining compound can be used for energy.
they contain ammonia, which the kidneys convert to urea and excrete from the body in urine.
even when consumed to excess, they will not increase the synthesis of fatty acids.
Answer: b) they contain nitrogen, which must be removed before the remaining compound can be used for energy.
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12. None of the above statements is true.
Anya skipped breakfast this morning. It is now midafternoon, and she has joined a friend for a late lunch. Although she rarely drinks alcohol, while waiting for her food to arrive, she enjoys a glass of wine. Which of the following statements best describes Anya's body's response to the alcohol?
Gastric ADH oxidizes about 30% to 35% of the alcohol Anya consumes; the rest is absorbed into her bloodstream.
When the alcohol enters Anya's bloodstream, her muscles quickly take it up for oxidation before her blood alcohol level increases.
The microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) breaks down about 20% of the alcohol Anya consumes before it is absorbed into her bloodstream.
None of the above statements is true.
Answer: d) None of the above statements is true.
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13. None of the above statements is true.
Anya skipped breakfast this morning. It is now midafternoon, and she has joined a friend for a late lunch. Although she rarely drinks alcohol, while waiting for her food to arrive, she enjoys a glass of wine. Which of the following statements best describes Anya's body's response to the alcohol?
Gastric ADH oxidizes about 30% to 35% of the alcohol Anya consumes; the rest is absorbed into her bloodstream.
When the alcohol enters Anya's bloodstream, her muscles quickly take it up for oxidation before her blood alcohol level increases.
The microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) breaks down about 20% of the alcohol Anya consumes before it is absorbed into her bloodstream.
None of the above statements is true.
Answer: d) None of the above statements is true.
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14. Of the approximately 160,000 kcal reserves in the body of a well-nourished 70-kg male,
triglycerides account for about 50%, and glycogen and protein each about 25%.
about 85% is from triglycerides, and most of the remaining 15% is from protein.
triglycerides, glycogen, and protein each account for about 33%.
triglycerides, glycogen, protein, and water each account for about 25%.
Answer: b) about 85% is from triglycerides, and most of the remaining 15% is from protein.
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15. Of the approximately 160,000 kcal reserves in the body of a well-nourished 70-kg male,
triglycerides account for about 50%, and glycogen and protein each about 25%.
about 85% is from triglycerides, and most of the remaining 15% is from protein.
triglycerides, glycogen, and protein each account for about 33%.
triglycerides, glycogen, protein, and water each account for about 25%.
Answer: b) about 85% is from triglycerides, and most of the remaining 15% is from protein.
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16. Most lipogenesis
occurs when individuals consume an excess of glucogenic amino acids.
occurs when acetyl CoA is converted into glycerol, which is in turn attached to fatty acid chains.
occurs in liver cells.
occurs in adipose cells.
Answer: c) occurs in liver cells.
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17. Most lipogenesis
occurs when individuals consume an excess of glucogenic amino acids.
occurs when acetyl CoA is converted into glycerol, which is in turn attached to fatty acid chains.
occurs in liver cells.
occurs in adipose cells.
Answer: c) occurs in liver cells.
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18. Glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol are
coenzymes.
cofactors.
anabolic hormones.
catabolic hormones.
Answer: d) catabolic hormones.
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19. Glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol are
coenzymes.
cofactors.
anabolic hormones.
catabolic hormones.
Answer: d) catabolic hormones.
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20. During short-term fasts, the body uses
muscle and liver glycogen for glucose for red blood cells, brain cells, and other body cells.
liver glycogen for glucose for red blood cells, brain cells, and other body cells.
glycerol from adipose tissue for ketone bodies.
amino acids from the breakdown of body proteins for gluconeogenesis.
Answer: b) liver glycogen for glucose for red blood cells, brain cells, and other body cells.
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21. During short-term fasts, the body uses
muscle and liver glycogen for glucose for red blood cells, brain cells, and other body cells.
liver glycogen for glucose for red blood cells, brain cells, and other body cells.
glycerol from adipose tissue for ketone bodies.
amino acids from the breakdown of body proteins for gluconeogenesis.
Answer: b) liver glycogen for glucose for red blood cells, brain cells, and other body cells.
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