1. AP EURO Unit #5 – Nationalism of 19th Century PPT #503 Nationalism and Unifications of the Late 19th Century

2. Let’s analyze change over time:
Analyze the shift of power from the early 1700s to the mid 1800s.
Hints:
1871-???
These dates are the moments of a significant power shift.
In other words, power dominance in Europe shifted from one nation to another during this particular time for a particular reason.

3. France,

4. French Nationalism Feb 1848: February Days
Leads to the end of the July Monarchy
Start of a new Republic
June 1848: election of new National Assembly
Conservatives elected (leads to June Days)
Sep. elections
Several 1848 l Bonaparte's elected
Dec Presidential Election
1852 – Presidential Coup
1853 – France transforms back to an Empire

5. Document Analysis Read the “Manifesto in Europe” 1848
Have each group member read a paragraph aloud to the rest of the group.
The final member will read the questions and gather information from the group. Then, that group member will write the answers.
We’ll discuss as a class

6. France becomes an Empire, again
President Louis Napoleon ( ) nephew to Napoleon born in Fontainebleau 1810 raised in arrogance of Bonaparte's attempted a coup in 1836 – exiled to Switz against Louis Philippe– “Citizen King” returned 1848 – elected in Sept ran for President Dec elected with overwhelming majority (75%) Who do you suppose loved him most? Popular with the poorest workers, farmers and soldiers Promised to stimulate economy also: avoid future rebellion

7. Emperor Napoleon III Focused on Public Works projects Why?
3m Paris rebuild

9. French 19th C. wars Italian campaign Crimean War – 1854
Defended Pope, 1848
Crushed rebellion
Crimean War – 1854
Joined by British
Crushed Russians
Restored balance of power – prevent expanding Russia
War against Austria in N. Italy – 1859
Joined Italian monarchists to crush Austria
How will success in these wars affect their attitude?
Franco-Prussian War – 1870

10. France overconfident
Napoleon III insulted by Germ. Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck (The IRON CHANCELLOR)
A Hohenzollern prince invited to throne of Spain
France insists on redress… or they will declare war – France got goaded into war
They were SURE they could quickly defeat Prussia (who now led North Germ. Confed.)
Instead, the technologically superior Germans defeated and humiliated the French in 6 weeks
France forced accept defeat in Versailles
France forced to pay reparations, give up land, and Napoleon forced to Abdicate
German states united to defeat France
France will seek revenge

11. Italian Unification

12. Italian Nationalists Goal: create an Italian Republic
Free of Austrians, French and Papal control
Started with Mazzini’s Young Italy
Declaration of Roman Republic in 1848
Crushed by French troops – and they stayed
Camillo Cavour appointed PM of Sardinia
Served his king, Victor Emmanuel
Goal: create monarchial Italian state
VE was a prince and a general
Ascended to king – turned power over to Cavour 1852

13. Unification of Italy What was the plan of Camillo Cavour?
Step #1 – economic development
Step #2 – expel the Austrians
Step #3 – inspire other regions to join
Which part of Italy benefitted most?
What did the Crimean War have to do with Italians winning in the North, and getting independent from Austria?

14. Giuseppe Garibaldi Kingdom of Italy declared in 1860
What was Cavour’s plan for Garibaldi?
How did Victor Emmanuel get
all power in Italy?
click

16. German Unification

17. Otto von Bismarck The “Iron Chancellor”
German unification by BLOOD AND IRON
Loyal Prime Minister to Prussian King William I
Appointed 1862
Used Zollverein for Prussia
Prussia dominated this trade union
Austria remained outside
Prussia modernized
Austria lagged behind

18. Unification of Germany
Otto von Bismarck – was like Cavour
Step #1 – economic development
Step #2 – become the dominant section of Germans
Step #3 – inspire other regions to join
Actions…
Step #1 – Zollverein
Step #2 – force Austria into an unwinnable war
Step #3 – goad the French into declaring war

19. Bismarck’s wars Were limited in size, region and length Denmark (1864)
Schleswig and Holstein
Seven Weeks War (1866)
Austro-Prussian War
Proved Prussian dominance
VERY soft on Austrians
Goal: develop friendship with Prussians as dominant, not create enemy
Franco-Prussian War (1870)
Six weeks
Unified all Germans
Treaty of Versailles – insult to the French

20. 3m explanation of German Unification

21. New German Nation The “second Reich” Bismarck transformed
From a IRON CHANCELLOR (of war)
To powerful, pragmatic diplomate of peace
became a diplomat and man of peace
Europe became a German continent
German industry booming
Bismarck dominated international politics
Ex: several Berlin Conferences in coming years