1. Presented by Mijin Yoon & Minyoung Jeong September 15, 2010
Realism & Liberalism
Presented by Mijin Yoon & Minyoung Jeong
September 15, 2010
Does a universal principle on how states revolve exist?

2. Legend
Realism
Liberalism
Comparison
Discussion
Summary

3. REALISM Pre-1945 era : Imperialism justified colonization
Post-1945 era : economic & military means renders states
Conclusion : Power rules, yeah.
Means may differ, but power is important for states.
“The winner takes all. Who cares?”

4. Realism Logic of Power Balance of Power
The world is under anarchic status
State is the only and highest unit which constructs world politics
With absence of any organization to control above states, each state need to seek for their own interest.
Balance of Power
Polarity of world makes peace
Bipolarity is preferred (i.e. Cold War)
Self-Help is essential (the others are potentially foe)

5. Realism Limitation Bipolar system does not always halve world
Worked until the end of Cold War
May be obsolete in this multilateral world
USSR collapsed and promoted elemental states (CIS) : difficult to explain why
Segregates minor factors in world politics
NGOs, international organization
Non-polar states always have to be subject to poles.
Inclined to factual & situational concept
Commonly perceived as two poles
CONFRONT
CONFRONT
EXPECTED
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
EXPECTED
CONFRONT
A tangled relation on India-Pakistan nuclear conflict

6. Will a real ‘liberal world’ come?
LIBERALSIM
A strong belief in liberalism and its advocate
Tried to ‘export’ democracy and capitalistic economy
Reality : FAILED
Will a real ‘liberal world’ come?
“Maybe a knockoff lol”

7. Liberalism Background Concept
Derived as a reflection on war around 1940s
Focused on how to resolve conflicts and tangled national interests amongst states
Concept
Peace is kept by international cooperation and coordination
All states can maximize the means and actual output of national interest by sharing this viewpoint
Democracy and capitalism lubricate liberalism

8. Liberalism Limitation ‘Crony governance’ Hard to stand alone
Only democratic states will cooperate each other whereas non-democratic states will be relatively difficult to participate  May work as a logic to discriminate them
Hard to stand alone
In effect, non-democratic or non-capitalistic states also cooperate but Liberalism does not explain why and how.
Subjugation
Especially when a state is lack of military or economic power, it is fragile to subordinate under a hegemonic state under the reason of ‘expansion of liberalistic idea’.

9. Comparison (1) Realism Liberalism What is a state?
The basic and sole unit of international relation
Subject of international decision, but may belong to supra-state organization
Basic Motivation of State-to-State Relation
Seeking for their own national interest.
Necessity to Conjugate with Certain Theories
Not always
Yes (Hard to stand alone without democracy and free-market based economic system)
How to Resolve Conflict
Balance of power especially under bipolar system
Cooperation and coordination

10. Most Significant Defect
Comparison (2)
Realism
Liberalism
Purpose
To explain the phenomena of conflict and
To propose how the world society should keep peace and prosperity
Most Significant Defect
Does not explain multilateral factors of world politics (i.e. NGOs) and bypasses
Application
Influenced on…
Neo-conservatism
Neo-realism
Idealism
Constructivism

11. Discussion Realism Liberalism
What could be the other ways to find a new order and a balance today from the point of view of Realism?
How can we analyze MD withdrawal of USA from East Europe?
Liberalism
Why Liberalism can keep its genuineness only by strong military and economic power?
How does the ‘embedded Liberalism’ work as a justification for interdependence of under-development states?

12. Summary (1)
Through Realism, we can analyze the world peace as a product of balance of power under anarchic status, but cannot explain certain factors which involve non-state organizations in international relations or why bipolar structure of today is not the same as that of Cold War era.

13. Summary (2)
Liberalism emphasizes dispersion of peace status by democracy and capitalism and followed by interdependence and cooperation, but may work as a purpose-driven ideology against non-democratic states imposing capitalism and democracy, under the name of cooperation and peace.

14. Presented by Mijin Yoon & Minyoung Jeong September 15, 2010
END OF PRESENTATION
Presented by Mijin Yoon & Minyoung Jeong
September 15, 2010