2. Computer Hardware

4. INTRODUCTION Hardware Hardware components Working methodology
Trouble shooting

5. Hardware

6. Hard ware It is a part of computer system.
It is a collection of physical device as like that monitor,keyboard,mouse,etc.
It is working based on software.

7. Software

8. Software It is a part of computer system.
Software is simply said that set of programs
Types :
system software
Operating system
Application software
Word star,oracle.

9. Hardware components

10. Hardware components Processor Input device Output device Memory unit
Computer case
Powersupply unit
Mother board

11. Processor

12. CPU
It is consists of arithmetic & logic units,control unit,memory unit
It is heart of computer.

13. Processor
The CPU – The chip or chips that interpret and execute program instructions and manage the functions of input, output, and storage devices.

14. PROCESSOR CHIP

15. PROCESSOR CHIP

16. Input device

17. INPUT DEVICE
It is used to gave the commands and data to computer.

18. EXAMPLES MOUSE KEYBOARD SCANNER JOYSTIC LIGHT PEN TOUCH SCREEN
MIC .,etc

19. Mouse
An input device operated by rolling its ball across a flat surface. The mouse is used to control the on-screen pointer by pointing and clicking, double-clicking, or dragging objects on the screen.

20. Keyboard
Used to enter information into the computer and for giving commands.

21. Scanner
A device that allows pictures to be placed into a computer.

22. Touchpad
A pressure-sensitive and motion sensitive device used in place of a mouse.

23. Microphone
Allows the user to record sounds as input to their computer.

24. Output devices

25. OUTPUT DEVICES
It is used to display the processing results

26. EXAMPLES
Monitor
Printer
Speaker
Projector

27. Monitor
A display screen to provide “output” to the user. It is where you view the information your are working on.

28. Speakers
Used to generate or reproduce voice, music, and other sounds.

29. Printer
An output device that produces a hard copy on paper. It gives information to the user in printed form.

30. BUS

31. BUS It is used to transfer the data and control Types:
Unidirectional bus
Bi-directional bus

32. unidirectional bus It transfer the data & control in single direction.
Symbol :

33. Bi-directional bus It transfer the data & control in both direction.
Symbol :

34. MEMORY UNIT

35. Memory unit It is used to store the data and program
All information are storing itself in digital signals

36. MEMORY UNIT
Types :
INTERNAL MEMORY
EXTERNAL MEMORY

37. INTERNAL MEMORY

38. INTERNAL MEMORY
ACTIVITY
TYPES OF MEMORY
MEMORY CAPACITY
BUS SPEED

39. Activity It is consists of semiconductor device
It is used to store the program and data when processing time.
Low storage capacity
It is part of CPU.

40. TYPES OF MEMORY
RAM(Random Access Memory)
ROM(Random Only Memory)

41. ROM It is used to store the information in permanently and read only.
It is not possible to write another information.

42. ROM TYPES PROM(PROGRAMMABLE ROM) E-P-ROM(ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE ROM)
E-E-P-ROM(ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE ROM)

43. RAM Random Access Memory
RAM is a computer’s temporary memory, which exists as chips on the motherboard near the CPU.

44. TYPES OF RAM EDO RAM SD RAM DDR RAM DDR-2 RAM RD RAM
Extended Data Out RAM
SD RAM
Synchronous Dynamic RAM
DDR RAM
Double Data Rate RAM
DDR-2 RAM
Double Data Rate –2 RAM
RD RAM
Rambus Dynamic RAM

45. EDO RAM Legs: Cuttings: Generation: Memory capacity: Bus speed: 72nos1
Generation: p1
Memory capacity:
1mb,2mb,4mb,8mb,16mb
Bus speed:
16mhz

46. SD RAM Legs: Cuttings: generation;: Memory capacity: Bus speed: 168nos2
generation;:
P1,p2
Memory capacity:
1mb,2mb,4mb,8mb,16mb
Bus speed:
16mhz

47. DDR RAM Legs: Cuttings: generation;: Memory capacity: Bus speed:
184nos
Cuttings: 1
generation;:
P4,
Memory capacity:
128mb,256mb,512mb,1gb,2gb
Bus speed:
PC266,PC300,PC333,PC400,PC533

48. DDR-2 RAM It simply DDR ram .
It is double transfer rate compare to DDR RAM
Memory capacity:
512mb,1gb,2gb
Bus speed:
PC600,PC800

49. RD RAM Legs: Cuttings: generation;: Memory capacity: Bus speed: 228nos
nil
generation;: P4
Memory capacity:
1mb,2mb,4mb,8mb,16mb
Bus speed:
16mhz

50. EXTERNAL MEMORY

51. EXTERNAL MEMORY ACTIVITY TYPES OF MEMORY HARD DISK CONSTRUCTION
STROGE METHOD
CAPACITY

52. ACTIVITY It is consists of magnetic devices.
It is stores the information permanently.
It is a external device.
High memory capacity.

53. TYPES OF MEMORY FLOPPY DISK DRIVE COMPACT DISK DRIVE
DIGITAL VERSALITE DEVICE (DVD)
PENDRIVE
HARD DISK DIRVE

54. Floppy Disk Drive
A device that holds a removable floppy disk when in use; read/write heads read and write data to the diskette.

55. CD
Compact Disk – A type of optical storage device.

56. Hard Disk
Magnetic storage device in the computer.

57. HARD DISK
CONSTRUCTION

58. CONSTRUCTION It is magnetic storage device. Hard disk consists
Read/write head
Spindle motor
Head actuator
Disk media(platter)

59. Hard Drive

60. Internal diagram
Read/write head
platter

61. How Data is Organized on Disk
Tracks-
circular areas of the disk
Length of a track one circumference of disk
Over 1000 on a hard disk
Data first written to outer most track
Sectors-
Divides tracks sections
On a floppy 9 sectors exits
Cylinders-
Logical groupings of the the same track on each disk surface in a disk unit
Clusters-
Groups of sectors used by operating system
64 sectors in one cluster

62. Tracks and sectors Can store 512 bytes Sector = Track=
small arc of track
Track=
concentric circle

63. CAPACITY
CAPACITY=
(N cylinder ) X( N track) X (N sector) X (512bytes)

64. HARD DISK ALERT
Doesnot move or copy the folder to one place to another place
Save the folder to include display the another letter
Example:
Sai ---->folder name
~$sai----> folder name

65. Hard disk alert
Bearing fault:

66. Hard disk alert
Read/head fault:

67. Computer Case
Contains the major components of the computer. It helps protect them.

68. Front of the Computer Case

69. Inside the Computer Case

70. Power supply unit

71. Power supply unit
It includes power cord, switch, and cooling fan. Supplies power at appropriate voltages to the motherboard and internal disk drives.
It also converts alternating current to direct current and provides different voltages to different parts of the computer.

73. Power Supply unit SMPS(Switched mode Power Supply)
It used to computer system.

74. Mother board

75. Mother board It is a body of computer. It is includes Processor
Chipset
Ports
I/O Slots
Connectors

78. Cards

79. Cards
It is a circuit board.
It contains many semiconductor device.

80. Cards
Types:
VGA CARD
SOUND CARD
LAN CARD
TUNER CARD
I/O CARD
AGP CARD

81. Video Card
Connects the computer to the monitor. It is a circuit board attached to the motherboard that contains the memory and other circuitry necessary to send information to the monitor for display on screen.

82. Sound Card
Connects the speakers and microphone to the computer.

83. Lan card It is also called It used for Ethernet card Nic card
Network adaptor
It used for
Network purpose

84. Network Card
A circuit board that connects the computer to the rest of the network usually using special cables.

85. Modem
The place where the computer is connected to the phone line.

86. Tuner card
It is used for
Cable tv purpose

87. I/O CARD It is also called “add-on card” It is used for Serial port
Parallel port
FDC connector
IDC connector
Game port

88. AGP CARD
It used for graphics purpose

89. I/O SLOTS

90. I/O SLOTS
It is used to insert the card.
It is connect the process.

91. I/O SLOTS TYPES: ISA SLOT PCI SLOT Industrial Standard Archistructure
Peripheral Component Interconnect

92. ISA SLOT

93. ISA SLOT It has 8 bit,16 bit transmission Insert cards Black color
VGA CARD
SOUND CARD
INTERNAL MODEM
LAN CARD
ADD-ON CARD

94. ISA SLOT

95. PCI SLOT

96. PCI SLOT It has 8 bit,16 bit transmission Insert cards
White or yellow color
Insert cards
VGA CARD
SOUND CARD
INTERNAL MODEM
LAN CARD
TUNER CARD

97. Ports

98. Ports

99. Ports
Types
Serial port
Parallel port
Game port
Special port

100. Serial port

101. Serial port
It has 9 pins.
Serial data transmission.

102. Serial port Connecting devices: Serial mouse Serial printer Scanner
External modem
Web camera
For Network

103. Parallel port

104. Parallel port
It has 25 pins.
Parallel data transmission

105. Parallel port Connecting devices: Parallel mouse Parallel printer
Scanner
External modem
For network

106. Game port

107. Game port It used to playing games in computer. It has 15 pins
1st line ---> 7pins
2nd line ---> 8 pins

108. SPECIAL PORT

109. Special port It is used to connect external device(upto 175 device).
Example:
USB
UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS
PEN DRIVE

110. connector

111. connector

112. Connector Types: FP CONNECTOR IDE CONNECTOR FDC CONNECTOR FRONT PANEL
INTERGRATED DEVICE ELECTRONICS
FDC CONNECTOR
FLOPPY DISK CONTROLLER

113. FP CONNECTOR
It connects
Restart button
Power switch

114. IDE CONNECTOR It has 40 pins. Connecting devices HD DRIVE CD DRIVE
ZIP DRIVE

115. FDC CONNECTOR It has 34 pins. Connecting devices: FD A CONNECT
FD B CONNECT

116. Chipset

117. Chip set
It mediates communication between the CPU and the other components of the system, including main memory.

118. Chipset It includes South bridge North bridge Super I/O controller
Bios controller
It used to control the system configuration & booting
Sound controller
Controls sound output

119. South bridge

120. South bridge It controls PCI BUS ISA BUS USB PORT IDE CONTROLLER
BIOS CONTROLLER
SOUND CONTROLLER
LAN CONTROLLER
SUPER I/O CONTROLLER

121. NORTH BRIDGE

122. North bridge
It controls
Processor
Memory(RAM)
AGP(Display)

123. SUPER I/O CONTROLLER

124. Super I/o controller It controls Key board Mouse Serial port
Parallel port
FDC
FPC

125. WORKING METHODLOGY

126. HARD WARE
BLOCK DIAGRAM

127. Memory
Unit
Output device
Input device
CPU
Control
system
DATA PATH
CONTROL PATH

128. PIN CONFRIGUTION

129. PS/2 PORT
KEY BOARD (AT/DIN5)
MOUSE (PS/2)

130. AT / DIN5 OVERVIEW
The Din5 port, also known as the AT port, is generally found on older computers.
This port is commonly used for a computer keyboard.

132. Pin
Description 1
Keyboard Clock 2
Keyboard Data 3
Not Connected or Keyboard Reset 4
Ground 5
Power +5V

133. PS/2 PORT OVERVIEW
PS/2 ports are found on the majority of all IBM computers today.
This port is used to accept input devices such as the Mouse and Keyboard

135. Pin
Description 1
Mouse Data 2
Not Connected 3
Ground 4
Power +5V 5
Mouse Clock 6

136. HARD DISK PARTITION

137. C: D:
Primary dos partition E:
Extended dos partition
Logical dos partition F: G:

138. TROUBLE SHOOTING

139. TROUBLE SHOOTING
It is gave to solution for how to release computer hard ware troubles

140. TROUBLE SHOOTING TROUBLES: SYSTEM DEAD CONTIONUOS RESTART
MEDIA NOT FOUND
PS/2 ERROR
VIRUS

141. SYSTEM DEAD

142. SYSTEM DEAD CHECK FOLLOWING: LED ON BUT SYSTEM DEAD CPU WIRE MELTING
SMPS FAULT
ATX CABLE CONNECTION

143. SYSTEM DEAD CHECK FOLLOWING: LED OFF BUT SYSTEM DEAD
CMOS BATTERY LOW/DRY
BIOS IC FAULT
RAM DEAD
PROCESSOR FAULT

144. CONTIONUOS RESTART

145. CONTIONUOS RESTART CHECK FOLLOWING: WHEN POST BEFORE: OS PROBLEM
CMOS BATTERY LOW/DRY
SOUTH BRIDGE FALULT
PROCESSOR HEAT
IDE CABLE CONNECTION

146. CONTIONUOS RESTART CHECK FOLLOWING: WHEN POST AFTER: OS PROBLEM
FILE MISSING
VIRUS
HARD DISK RETRIVE PROBLEM
PROCESSOR HEAT

147. MEDIA NOT FOUND

148. MEDIA NOT FOUND CHECK FOLLOWING: HARD DISK PROBLEM
IDE CABLE CONNECTION
HARD DISK POWER SUPPLY
HARD DISK JUMPER
BIOS SETTING

149. PS/2 ERROR

150. PS/2 ERROR
CHECK FOLLOWING:
KEYBOARD SHORT CIRCUIT
MOUSE SHORT CIRCUIT

151. VIRUS

152. VIRUS

153. ANTI VIRUS

154. CONTROL PANEL