1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Medical Terminology

2. Medical Terms
Anatomical and physiological language is the foundation of medical terminology
Terminolgia Anatomica or International Anatomical Terminology
- Language of medicine is not yet uniform
The term Adam's apple came from the belief that biblical Adam was not able to completely swallow the fruit of the forbidden tree, and so it became lodged in his throat, visible to all. Anatomically it is the anterior (front) lump in the neck, formed by the laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage, the largest cartilage of the larynx.

3. Medical Terms Cont.
Medical Terms
_________ are medical terms derived from a person’s name~ Fallopian tubes. They are named after a 16th century Italian anatomist, Gabriello Fallopio.
Many are derived from ________ and _________ languages.
Treat medically terminology like a foreign language by learning the correct pronunciations, definitions, and rules.
Herpes, which is an inflammatory disease affecting the skin. Herpes is based on the word herpo, which is Greek for "creep along". People in the medical field chose "herpo"--or herpes--to describe the skin condition because it seems to "creep along" the skin.

4. Medical Record The Medical Record: (see handout)
provides the person’s physical, emotional, nutritional, and social history
identifies individual information along with current and past medical conditions
lists prescription and non-prescription drug use, drug sensitivities and allergies
used to assess previous treatment
working document that needs to be as complete as possible so knowledge of medical terminology is essential

5. Medical Record
A thorough understanding of medical terminology is necessary for adequately _________,__________, and __________________________________.
The person documenting patient information must be skilled in recording the data _____________, making sure the terms are __________________.

6. Medical Record Abbreviations
H&P history and __________
Hx __________
FH _________ history
SH _________ history
OH _________ history

7. Medical Record Abbreviations
_________ review of symptoms
_______/_______ physical examination
_______ head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat
_______ general view of patient’s condition
_______ plan

8. Medical Record Abbreviations
_______ chief complaint
c/o complains of
Dx ____________
_______ living well; family members living and well
NAD no acute distress

9. Medical Record Abbreviations
NKA no known allergies
NKDA no known _______ allergies
PERRLA _________equal, round and reactive to ________ and accommodation
R/O rule _______

10. Medical Record Abbreviations
_______ symptom
UCHD usual _______ diseases
WNL within normal limits
SOAP progress notes; subjective/objective/assessment /plan

11. Lexicon and Phonetics
Lexicon is one of four basic systems of language and is the term for _______
Phonetics is the term for _______.
Lexicon is governed by rules for word formation
Phonemes are meaningful units of sound_______ of which 40 have been identified in the English language.
Communication is constantly changing as new terms are developed for advancing technology and increasing knowledge

12. General Rules of Medical Terminology
Overview of the Rules of Medical Terminology:
1. Word Parts
2. Hyphens
3. Combining Word Parts
4. Combining Vowels
5. Rules for Plurals
6. Pronunciation

13. Word Parts
“Word parts” is the general term used to identify _______, _______, and _______ _______.
There are _______ basic parts to medical terms:
A root word (usually the _______ of the word and its _______ meaning)
a prefix (comes at the _______ and adds to the meaning of the root, more specific meaning)
a suffix (comes at the _______ , in medical terms-may describe a _______ _______
By learning the word parts, you will be able to figure out new medical terms you read. (ERCP)

14. Hyphens
Hyphens
Used to separate prefixes, suffixes, or combining forms from a word or base.
Placement indicates that a particular word element forms part of a compound and indicates its placement in forming the medical term.
Hyphen placed
after the syllable demonstrates it is a prefix or a combining form (ex: hypo-)
Hyphen placed before the syllable demonstrates it is a suffix (ex: -pathy)

15. Combining Word Parts
Many medical terms are made by combining word parts
Myocarditis
Prefix Root Suffix
myo= _______ cardio= _______ _______ =inflammation
Prefix Changes the Meaning:
Myocarditis= _______ _______ _______ _______
Endocarditis= _______ _______ _______ _______
Pericarditis= _______ _______ _______ _______

16. Combining Word Parts Suffix Changes the Meaning:
Cardiologist= _________________________
_____________=disease or damage to heart muscle
_____________=enlarged heart

17. Combining Vowels
To make medical terms easier to pronounce, the vowels o and i are frequently used between word parts.
Combining form-describes the root word with it’s combining vowel. It cannot stand alone.
Viscer=organ Skeleton=bony framework
____________
“the bony framework surrounding an organ”
****Have the students look up combining vowel words now.***

18. Spelling & Homonyms
Homonyms are words that sound the same, but with different meaning. They could be spelled the same or differently.
Accurate spelling in language is imperative especially in the _______ _______.
****Homework or Extra Credit-Find 5 Medical Homonyms not mentioned in lecture. Worth 10 points. ***

19. Spelling
Accurate spelling in language imperative especially in the medical field.
_______ =hip bone
_______ =portion of small intestine
_______ =unable to unrinate
_______ =bedwetting
Aphasia = inability to _______
Aphagia = refusal or inability to ________

20. Pronunciation
Correctly pronouncing medical terms is necessary for good _______.
renin ( REE nin) = enzyme in kidney that controls
blood pressure is often as _______ as
rennin (REN in) = enzyme found in gastric (stomach) juice
Refer to Table 1-1 (pg.9-10)-note the silent letters

21. Rules for Plurals
It is important to follow the general rules for making plural forms of singular words. Table 1-2 (pg.10)lists some common rules for creating plurals in medical terminology.

22. Common Medical Prefixes
a- without
_______ away from
ad- toward
ambi- _________

23. Common Medical Prefixes
an- _______
ana- _______
ante- _______

24. Common Medical Prefixes
_______ against
auto- _______
brady- _______
caud-, caudo- tail

25. Common Medical Prefixes
_______, _______ head
chrom-, chromo- color, colored
circum- _______
contra- _______

26. Common Medical Prefixes
cry-, cryo- _______, freezing
cyst-, cysti-, cysto- _______
_______ away from, without
dextr-, dextro- right, toward the right

27. Common Medical Prefixes
dist-, disto- distant, _______
dys- _______, difficult
ec- out, out of
encephal-, encephalo- _______

28. Common Medical Prefixes
end-, endo- _______, inner
epi- _______, following
equi- equal, equally
eu- true, _______

29. Common Medical Prefixes
ex-, exo- _______, ________
extra- outside
heter-, hetero- other, different
_________ same

30. Common Medical Prefixes
hydro- water
hyper- above, beyond, over
hypo- below, under
im- not

31. Common Medical Prefixes
in- not, into
infra- beneath, under
_______ among, between
intra- within, inside

32. Common Medical Prefixes
juxta- ________
mal- abnormal, bad, ill
mes-, _______ middle
meta- change, between

33. Common Medical Prefixes
mid- middle
ne-, neo- new, newly formed
pan- _______
par-, para- _______ _______, _______

34. Common Medical Prefixes
per- _______
peri- ________
post- _______, behind
pre- - _______

35. Common Medical Prefixes
_______ supporting, in front of, before
_______ false
_______ back
_______ behind, backward

36. Common Medical Prefixes
sinist-, sinistro left, toward the left
sub- below, under
super- above
supra- above, upon

37. Common Medical Prefixes
_______ together, with
_______ rapid
_______ through, across
_______ beyond, excess

38. Prefixes Related to Number and Size
bi- two
di- _______
diplo- _______
hemi- half

39. Prefixes Related to Number and Size
hex-, hexa- ______
macr-, _______ large
maxi- extra large
_______ big, large, great

40. Prefixes Related to Number and Size
_______ small
mimi- small, miniature
_______ one
multi- many

41. Prefixes Related to Number and Size
noni- _______
oct-, octa-, octo- eight
pent-, penta- ________
_______ many, much

42. Prefixes Related to Number and Size
quadri, quadru- four
_______ half, partial
sept-, septi- seven
sex-, sexi- ________

43. Prefixes Related to Number and Size
tetra- _______
tri- three
uni- _______

44. Prefixes Related to Measurement
dec-, deca- ten
hect-, hecto- one hundred
_______ thousand
meg-, mega- _______

45. Prefixes Related to Measurement
_________ billion
_________ one tenth
centi- one _________
milli- one thousandth

46. Prefixes Related to Measurement
micro- one millionth
_______ one billionth

47. Common Medical Suffixes
-ac pertaining or relating to
-ad _______
-al pertaining or relating to
-algia _______

48. Common Medical Suffixes
-ase enzyme
_________ immature precursor cell
_________ swelling, hernia
-centesis surgical puncture to remove fluid

49. Common Medical Suffixes
_______ kill
_______ cut
-clast something that breaks; to break
_______ cell

50. Common Medical Suffixes
_________ surgical fixation, fusion
-eal pertaining to
-ectasis expansion, _________

51. Common Medical Suffixes
-ectomy- _______ removal
-emia condition of the blood
_________ condition, action, process
-genesis origination

52. Common Medical Suffixes
-genic produced by
_________ written record or picture
_________ record or picture
-graphy a writing, description

53. Common Medical Suffixes
-ia, iac- condition of, pertaining to
_______ presence of
-ic pertaining to
_______ condition of

54. Common Medical Suffixes
_______ pertaining to
-ism _______
_______ inflammation
-lith _______

55. Common Medical Suffixes
-logia, -logy study of
_______ breakdown, destruction
_______ abnormal softening
-megaly large, enlargement

56. Common Medical Suffixes
-oid _________
_________ study of
_________ tumor or neoplasm
-osis _________

57. Common Medical Suffixes
-parous giving _______
-pathy disease
_______ few, deficiency
-pexy _________

58. Common Medical Suffixes
-phasia speech
-phil-, -phile, -philia _________________
-phobia abnormal fear
-plasia growth

59. Common Medical Suffixes
________ surgical repair
-plegia ________
-pnea ________
-poiesis production, formation

60. Common Medical Suffixes
-praxia _______
-rrhage, rrhagia excessive, _______l flow
-rrhaphy to stitch or _______
-rrhea fluid discharge or flow

61. Common Medical Suffixes
_______ rupture
-scope an instrument for viewing
_______ to visualize
-sect to _______

62. Common Medical Suffixes
-sis state of
_______ twitch, involuntary muscle contraction
-stalsis constriction, contraction
_______ abnormal narrowing, stricture

63. Common Medical Suffixes
-stomy artificial or surgical _______
______ movement towards a stimulus
-tome part or section; instrument or cutting
_______ incision, cutting

64. Common Medical Suffixes
-tripsy _______
_______ growth, nourishment
_______ pertaining to the urine

65. Common Abbreviations AMA American Medical Association
_______ Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
CPT _______ _______ _______
HCFA ______ ______ ______ ______

66. Common Abbreviations ______ International Classification of Diseases
NCHS National Center for Health ________
WHO _________ Health Organization