1. Lecture 1 Anti-Semitism in East-Central Europe, c.1870-1945
Alexander Watson
Religion, Peace and Conflict
25 February 2014
Lecture 1 Anti-Semitism in East-Central Europe, c

2. A Jewish man from Bessarabia in southwest Russia, c. 1900
Introduction
Aims of the lecture block
What is anti-Semitism?
- Religious
- Racial (modern)
Why did anti-Semitism change and intensify in the late nineteenth century?
- Jews in Russia
- Jews in Germany
Conclusion
A Jewish man from Bessarabia in southwest Russia, c. 1900

3. Aims of the Lecture Block
Anti-Semitism
Pogroms
War, Revolution & the Rise of Radical Anti-Semitism
Interwar Anti-Semitism in Germany and Poland
The Holocaust
A ‘selection’ determining forced labour or death at Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp

4. Pre-Modern Anti-Semitism
‘I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you, walk with you, and so following; but I will not eat with you, drink with you, nor pray with you.’ Shylock, Merchant of Venice, Act 1, Scene III.

5. The Blood Libel
Eighteenth century portrait of Jews’ alleged practice of ritual murder of Christian children, in Sandomierz Cathedral, Poland.

6. Wilhelm Marr: the Founder of Modern Anti-Semitism
Marr’s book: The Victory of the Jews over the Germans (1879)

7. The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
Copies of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion: on the left is a Russian edition (first published 1903) and on the right an English-language U.S. edition (1934)

8. The Jews in Europe, c. 1900

9. Jewish traders in Warsaw, 1880
Russia
Population Share
Location
Jews %
Russia (1881)
- Poland
- Pale of Settlement
4,086,650
1,010,378
2,912,165
4.2
13.8
12.5
Cities
Warsaw (c. 1900)
219,000
32.5
Odessa (c. 1900)
139,000
34.4
Vilnius (c. 1900)
64,000
41.0
Kiev (c. 1900)
32,000
12.8
Jewish traders in Warsaw, 1880

10. Albert Ballin, The German Jewish Shipping Magnate, 1857-1918
Germany
North German Confederation’s Law on the Freedom and Equality of Religion (3 July 1869)
The Anxieties of Modernisation
- industrialisation
- liberalism & socialism
- the rise of a mass press
- consumerism
Albert Ballin, The German Jewish Shipping Magnate,

11. Reactions Karl Lueger, Mayor of Vienna (1898-1910)
Heinrich von Treitschke,
Historian
Karl Lueger, Mayor of Vienna ( )

12. Conclusion
Development of Anti-Semitism from religious to religious and racial
The Strains of Modernity. Jews benefitted from and were blamed for the new ideas and way of life
Differences in Russia and Germany – Context Matters!