1. 8 bones of the cranium: 1 frontal bone 2 parietal bones
1 occipital bone
2 temporal bones
1 sphenoid bone
1 ethmoid bone 1

2. Cranium Forehead Roof of nasal cavity Roofs of orbits
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Frontal Bone (1)
Forehead
Roof of nasal cavity
Roofs of orbits
contains frontal sinuses (above each eye)
Supraorbital foramen
on the upper margin of each orbit; allows blood vessels and nerves to pass to tissues of the head.
Articulates to parietal bones at the coronal suture
Starts as two bones…the two halves of the frontal bone fuse together by the about the sixth year

3. Cranium side walls of cranium one on either side
Parietal Bones (2)
side walls of cranium
one on either side
fused at midline along sagittal suture
articulate with frontal bone at coronal suture

4. Cranium Back of skull Base of cranium
Occipital Bone (1)
Back of skull
Base of cranium
Foramen Magnum = a large opening where the spinal cord connects to the inferior part of the brain stem; articulates with vertebrae
Lambdoid suture connects the parietal and temporal bones with the occipital bone.
Occipital Condyles: where most superior vertebrae articulates

5. Cranium Floor of cranium Floors and sides of orbits
Temporal Bones (2)
Side walls of cranium
Floor of cranium
Floors and sides of orbits
Squamous suture connects it to the parietal bone
External acoustic meatus
Styloid process
Anchors muscles for tongue
Zygomatic process
Mastoid process
Mandibular fossa

6. Cranium Base of cranium Sides of skull Floors and lateral
Sphenoid Bone (1)
Base of cranium
Sides of skull
Floors and lateral
sides of orbits
Sphenoidal sinuses
Sella turcica:
pituitary gland

7. Roof and walls of nasal cavity Floor of cranium Wall of orbits
Ethmoid Bone (1)
Roof and walls of nasal cavity
Floor of cranium
Wall of orbits
Nerves associated with smell pass through olfactory foramen in this bone
Also has a feature called the crista galli:attach the membrane sac that encloses the brain
Forms most of nasal septum and nasal concha that serve to support mucous membrane of nose
Ethmoidal sinuses

8. Cranium Coronal suture Temporal bone Parietal bone Frontal bone
Squamous suture
Sphenoid bone
Frontal sinus
Lambdoid suture
Nasal bone
Occipital bone
Ethmoid bone
Crista galli
Internal acoustic meatus
Cribriform plate
Perpendicular plate (nasal septum)
Inferior nasal concha
Styloid process
Maxilla
Sphenoidal sinus
Palatine bone
Vomer bone
Mandible 8

9. Sinuses Frontal sinus Ethmoidal sinuses Sphenoidal sinus
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Frontal sinus
Ethmoidal sinuses
Sphenoidal sinus
Maxillary sinus

10. Facial Skeleton form the anterior aspect of skull
form framework of face
form cavities for sense organs of sight, taste and smell
provides openings for passage of air and food
hold the teeth
anchor the muscles of the face 10

11. Facial Skeleton There are 14 bones in the face
( + 8 in the cranium = 22 in the total skull)
I am only going to hold you responsible for the details of these 7:
Zygomatics(2)
Mandible (1)
Maxillae (2)
Nasals (2)
The OTHER Facial Bones are:
Vomer (1), Palatines (2), Inferior nasal conchae (2), Lacrimals (2)

12. Facial Skeleton AKA “Maxillae” forms: upper jaw
Maxillary Bones (2)
AKA “Maxillae”
forms:
upper jaw
Hard palate: anterior roof
of mouth
floors of orbits
sides and floors of nasal cavity
Incisive foramen: brain freeze cure
contains maxillary sinuses
Hold the teeth in dental alveoli

13. Facial Skeleton forms: lateral walls of orbits floors of orbits
Zygomatic Bones (2)
forms:
lateral walls of orbits
floors of orbits
includes the temporal process
provides for the prominences of cheeks…they are the “cheekbones”

14. Facial Skeleton forms forms: bridge of nose medial walls of orbits
Lacrimal Bones (2)
forms
medial walls of orbits
Has nasolacrimal ducts (tear ducts) that deliver tears to nose
Nasal Bones (2)
forms:
bridge of nose

15. Facial Skeleton forms: Lower jaw Ramus
Mandible Bone (1)
forms:
Lower jaw
Ramus
Mandibular condyle (where it articulates with mandibular fossa of temporal bones)
Mandibular foramen (blood vessels and nerve to supply roots of lower teeth)
Mental foramen
(blood vessels and nerve supply to chin)
Facial Skeleton

16. Facial Skeleton Dental alveoli: border for teeth sockets
Mandible Bone (1)
Dental alveoli: border for teeth sockets
Facial Skeleton

17. Infantile Skull Fontanels – fibrous membranes Frontal suture
Frontal bone
Anterior fontanel
Sagittal suture
Posterior fontanel
(b)
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18. Infantile Skull Anterior fontanel Parietal bone Coronal suture
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Anterior fontanel
Parietal bone
Coronal suture
Posterior fontanel
Frontal bone
Zygomatic bone
Occipital bone
Maxilla
Mastoid fontanel
(posterolateral
fontanel)
Sphenoid bone
Temporal bone
(a)
Sphenoidal fontanel
(anterolateral fontanel)
Mandible 18