1. Honors American History Chapter 7
Issues of the
Gilded Age
Honors American History Chapter 7

2. Segregation and Discrimination
What other types of discrimination and segregation did they face?
What were Jim Crow laws?
What was the worst outcome of discrimination?

3. Reconstruction Presidents
Reconstruction- The time period following the Civil War when the United States was trying to decide on how to let the Confederate States back into the union and on what conditions.

4. 13th Amendment

5. 1. 13th Amendment 2. 14th Amendment 3. 15th Amendment
Civil War
1. 13th Amendment
2. 14th Amendment
3. 15th Amendment

6. White Terrorism
Ku Klux Klan established
Terrorizes blacks and black sympathizers

7. Failure of Reconstruction
Republicans lose power
Corruption in Grant’s presidency
Nation-wide displeasure with Reconstruction (pace, terror)
Depressions draw away attention (1873, 1884)
Democrats regain power in Congress

8. Results of Reconstruction
White Southerners regain political control
Army removed from South
Blacks lose their gains
Voting rights not enforced
Sharecropping established
Terror continues - lynching

9. Turn of the Century Black America
Jim Crow Laws
Poll Taxes
Literacy Tests
Segregated Facilities
Social Practices
Sharecropping

10. Plessy vs. Ferguson 1896

12. Fighting Back – Booker T. Washington
Worked to establish vocational training for African-Americans.
Thought it was too soon for African-Americans to expect full political rights.
Worked openly with the white establishment.
Founded Tuskegee Institute.

14. Fighting Back – W.E.B. DuBois
Demanded full political rights for blacks immediately.
First African-American to earn a PhD from Harvard
Wanted a classical education for African-Americans
Helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

15. Ida Wells Barnett

16. Enforcement of Jim Crow
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
White-Controlled Politicians and Law Enforcement
Ku Klux Klan
Lynching

17. Who was an African-American reformer?
Ida Wells
Booker T. Washington
WEB DuBois
All of the above

18. Other groups face discrimination
Hispanic Americans
What problems did they face?
Asian Americans
What did they face?
Women

19. What was the key date in the women's suffrage movement?
1848
1869
1872
1920
All of the above

20. What was the worst possible outcome of discrimination?
Denial to vote
Lynchings
Lower wages
Poll Taxes
Literacy Tests
Sharecropping

21. Political and Economic Challenges
Section
7.2

22. Political Scandal and Reform
Who controlled the local government in American cities in the late 1800’s?
Who led these groups? How did they get support?
What was the notorious of these groups in NYC?

23. Who is this individual? James Garfield Boss Tweed US Grant
Roscoe Conkling
Chester Arthur
Thomas Nast

24. Who is this individual?
What happened to him?

25. The Presidency as a Symbolic Office Senator Roscoe Conkling
Party bosses ruled.
Presidents should avoid offending any factions within their own party.
The President just doled out federal jobs.
1865  53,000 people worked for the federal govt.
1890  166,000 “ “ “ “ “ “
Senator Roscoe Conkling

26. Presidential Scandal Grant becomes President in 1869
Cre’dit Mobilier Scandal

27. 1880 Presidential Election: Republicans
Half Breeds
Stalwarts
Sen. James G. Blaine Sen. Roscoe Conkling (Maine) (New York)
compromise
How were his views different?
What political views did he have?
James A. Garfield Chester A. Arthur (VP)

28. Garfield

29. 1881: Garfield Assassinated!
Charles Guiteau: I Am a Stalwart, and Arthur is President now!
What was he trying to accomplish by killing Garfield?

30. What was he trying to accomplish by killing Garfield?
Place a Stalwart in the Presidency
Replace Garfield
Support the “Spoils System”
Show that he is insane
All of the above.

31. Chester A. Arthur: The Fox in the Chicken Coop
Chester A. Arthur: The Fox in the Chicken Coop? How did he surprise his supporters?

32. The Pendleton Civil Service Act was passed:
After McKinley became President
By the Tammany Hall Political Machine
After President Garfield was assasinated
Immigrants became a force in national politics

33. Pendleton Act (1883) Civil Service Act.
The “Magna Carta” of civil service reform.
Promotion based on???
1883  14,000 out of 117,000 federal govt. jobs became civil service exam positions.
1900  100,000 out of 200,000 civil service federal govt. jobs.

34. Populism:
An Agrarian
Revolt
7.3

35. Founder of the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (1867)

36. The Grange Movement
Wanted to regulate the railroad rates. What does this lead to?
First organized in the 1870s in the Midwest, the south, and Texas.
Set up cooperative associations.
Social and educational components.
Succeeded in lobbying for “Granger Laws.”
Rapidly declined by the late 1870s.

37. The Farmers Alliances
Begun in the 1870s (Built upon the ashes of the Grange.)
Wanted more paper money in circulation. Why??
More political and less social than the Grange.
Ran candidates for office.
Controlled 8 state legislatures & had 47 representatives in Congress during the 1890s.

38. Farmers Alliance forms political party
1873 Congress puts US dollar on gold standard
Reduces the amount of money in circulation
Impact on farmers??
What do farmers want? Why?

39. What did the Populist Party want?
Government ownership of the railroads
Bank regulation
Graduated income tax
Free coinage of silver
All of the above

40. The Populist (Peoples’) Party James B. Weaver, Presidential Candidate
Founded by James B. Weaver and Tom Watson.
Omaha, NE Convention in July, 1892.
Got almost 1 million popular votes.
Several Congressional seats won.
What did they want?
James B. Weaver, Presidential Candidate
& James G. Field, VP

41. Populist Farmers wanted more money in circulation in order to:
Decrease the value of their debts
Strengthen the Republican Party
Slow down foreign immigration
Strengthen the Gold Standard

42. 1892 Presidential Election
Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison again! * (DEM) (REP)

43. 1892 Presidential Election

44. Cleveland Loses Support Fast!
The only President to serve two non- consecutive terms.
Blamed for the 1893 Panic.
Defended the gold standard.
Used federal troops in the 1894 Pullman strike.
Refused to sign the Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894.
Repealed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act. (Why was this a problem?)

45. The
Panic
of 1893

46. Causes of the 1893 Panic Begun 10 days after Cleveland took office.
Several major corps. went bankrupt.(RR)
Over 16,000 businesses disappeared.
Triggered a stock market crash.
Over-extended investments.
Bank failures followed causing a contraction of credit [nearly 500 banks closed].
By 1895, unemployment reached 3 million.
Americans cried out for relief, but the Govt. continued its laissez faire policies!!
Cleveland blames Sherman Silver Purchase Act

47. Bi-Metallism Issue

48. 19th Century Monetary Fight
East Coast Bankers (Rich)
Creditors (They have provided loans to farmers for land, seed, machinery, etc.)
Back the Gold Standard
Want the amount of currency in U.S. to stay fixed or low growth.
Plains Farmers (Poor)
Debtors (They have taken out loans that they must pay back)
Back the Free Coinage of Silver
Want the amount of currency in the U.S. to expand

49. The
1896
Election

50. William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925)
The “Great Commoner”

51. William Jennings Bryan
Prairie avenger, mountain lion,
Bryan, Bryan, Bryan, Bryan,
Gigantic troubadour, speaking like a siege gun,
Smashing Plymouth Rock with his boulders from the West.
Revivalist style of oratory.

52. Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” Speech
You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold!

53. William McKinley ( )

54. 1896 Election Results

55. Why Did Bryan Lose?
His focus on ______ undermined efforts to build bridges to urban voters.
He did not form alliances with other groups. Business leaders feared him, gave money to _______.
__________’s campaign was well- organized and highly funded.

56. What Populist Party reform survived to be accepted by the major parties?
Graduated income tax
Regulation of the railroads
More flexible monetary system
All of the above

57. Gold Triumphs Over Silver
1900  Gold Standard Act
confirmed the nation’s commitment to the gold standard.
A victory for the forces of conservatism.
Good or bad for farmers??

59. The Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum

60. The Wizard of Oz A Populist Allegory/Parable?

61. 1964: Henry Littlefield’s “Thesis”?

62. Dorothy and Toto

63. Wicked Witch of the East

64. Munchkins

65. Wicked Witch of the West

66. Good Witch of The North

67. Yellow Brick Road

68. Scarecrow

69. Tin Man

70. Cowardly Lion

71. Winged Monkeys
"Once we were a free people, living happily in the forest, flying from tree to tree, eating nuts and fruit and doing just as we pleased without calling anybody master...This was many ears ago before Oz came out of the clouds to rule over this land."

72. Yellow Winkies

73. Emerald City

74. “I’m Melting!”

75. The Wizard

76. “Ruby” Slippers
In the book they were Silver
So they represent?

77. “Parable of the Populists”?
Tornado  ?
Dorothy  ?
Toto  ?
Kansas  ?
Wicked Witch of the East  ?
Tin Woodsman  ?
Scarecrow  ?
Cowardly Lion  ?
Yellow Brick Road  ?
Silver Slippers  ?
Emerald City  ?
Oz  ?
The Wizard  ?
Munchkins  ?
Wicked Witch of the West  ?
Flying Monkeys  ?
Yellow Winkies  ?