1. D-RAN In-Building Systems
Default cover design.
HQ RF Planning
January 15, 2014

2. Heterogeneous Network
Motivation: VZW is progressing rapidly from a homogeneous to a heterogeneous network
Network densification
Multiple bands operation
Small Cells
In-building DAS
Femtocells
Bottom line: To further improve system capacity requires managing interference

3. Centralized-RAN
Decoupling of eNB’s by deploy a combination of macro and micro RRH’s all homed via dark fibers to a centralized BBU
Centralized BBU controlling all the resources
Enables interference coordination and tight timing synchronization between nodes
In many cases, deploying RRH’s are easier and more streamlined, e.g. no GPS
Enables CoMP
Centralized BBU

4. Coordinated Multi-Point
CoMP: each radio node is a point
Joint transmission (JT)
Coordinated Scheduling/Beam- forming (CS/CB)
Transmission point selection (TPS)
Uplink CoMP: Joint reception
Capacity improvements
Cell-edge user TP improves most
Overall network TP improvement of 10%-30% expected
Centralized BBU

5. Can we extend this C-RAN concept to in-building systems?

6. Distributed - RAN Leveraging low power small cell RRH’s
Using the same macro BBU
No RRC capacity delta
Optical transport – CRPI
A more simplified architecture
DAS becomes a fiber distribution network with massive optical capacity
MIMO is built-in
CoMP ready
ALU bCEM
ALU MRO
Ericsson DUS41
Ericsson mRRUS
Ericsson
mRBS

7. DAS Example – Metlife Stadium
A-level: 4 zones
One eNB sector per zone
Ave. 4 – 5 RAU’s per zone

8. D-RAN Deployment Sample
Scenario 1
Deploy 1 RRH to drive multiple passive antennas
Scenario 2
Deploy multiple RRH’s in daisy-chain
Scenario 3
Deploy multiple RRH’s for individual sectors coverage

9. D-RAN Growth
To achieve multiple times system capacity to meet demand in the next few years, D-RAN using dark fiber based transport facilitates multiple growth scenarios
Simple growth path – add a band, add an RRH
Fiber over-provisioning – most cost effective way in new system build. Small incremental material and installation cost.
CWDM – effectively separating a single dark fiber into 8 transmission wavelengths. Achieves 8x capacity using passive equipment.
DWDM – further utilizing existing fiber infrastructure
Daisy-chain – built in capability of the RRH’s. Currently limited to two units.

10. ALU MRO FOA – VZW Office, Laurel, MD

11. D-RAN Pilot System in Las Cruces, NM
Currently an eNB serving the NMSU campus and I-25
Opportunity to install a D-RAN system consisting of
Relocating macro sector node
Adding a 5-node in-building D-RAN for Pan American Center plus 5-node outdoor coverage
Adding a 6-8 node D-RAN for Aggie Memorial Stadium
Leveraging simulcast/daisy-chain functionality for added BBU efficiency

12. Pan American Center D-RAN
Indoor SINR simulation
Outdoor 5 nodes orientation
Daisy-chain/simulcast feature to be used to match up interior and exterior nodes

13. Aggie Memorial Stadium
Antennas placed inside billboards along the mid-tier walkway
Open bowl stadium, very high interference between nodes, hence the low SINR zones
INTERIM DESIGN

14. What about Neutral Host Systems and 3G?
Two ways to approach D-RAN in existing DAS architecture
Fiber-based DAS systems to provide fiber right-of-way or available transmission window(s) via WDM
RRH can continue to shrink in the size/weight
Direct CPRI interface into DAS
OEM and DAS to interoperate
Best of both worlds

15. BBU and DAS CPRI Interoperability is Attainable
Benefits in many respects:
Cost of eNB equipment: RRH (capex)
Cost of RF DAS interface, conditioning units and operating costs (capex and opex)
Cost of interconnects and installation (capex)
Verizon needs to promote CPRI interoperability between OEM and DAS vendors.
4G BBU
3G CDMA
POI
CPRI RF
TE Digital SeRF Transport
to TE Multi-carrier Radio Heads
RF (Hi)
RF (Lo)

16. Meeting In-Building Needs
DAS
D-RAN
Small Cells
Indoor small cells
Enterprise RAN
Pico Cells
Cost /
Complexity
HeNB
Enterprise femto
Home/SoHo
Small Business
Medium Buildings
Large Buildings,
Campus

17. Ericsson DOT – Indoor Small Cells
Cat5-7 cable
CPRI over fiber
Base Band Unit (DU)
Macro BBU
Pooled baseband resources
Full feature transparency with macro
Indoor Radio Unit (IRU)
Software defined radio
PoE supply to the Radio Dots
Cascading IRU supported
Radio Dot (RD)
System supports up to 96 RD’s
Est. coverage up to 800,000 sq.ft.

18. DOT Configurations

19. Spidercloud – Enterprise RAN
Radio Node (RN)
LTE Base-band & RF
2x125 mW, PoE+
Service Node (SN)
Centralized controller
Radio resource and mobility management
Radio nodes aggregation (as single eNB)
SON, Interference Coordination
Radio Nodes
VZW ePC
MME
S-GW
GigE
Network
S1-C
S1-U
SeGW
IP backhaul
Service Node

20. Summary and Observations
C-RAN / D-RAN is here. As we migrate into a heterogeneous network, we can no longer decouple macro and in-building “systems” anymore
We are adept at deploying in-building “DAS” systems. At 2014, looking further into the ultra high capacity 4G and beyond, should we do business as usual or plan for the future of in-building “RAN”?
RAN vendors and many DAS vendors are migrating and paving the way towards in-building “RAN” space