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Electricity 19.1 Materials can become electrically charged. 19.2

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1 Electricity 19.1 Materials can become electrically charged. 19.2
CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER Electricity the BIG idea Moving electric charges transfer energy. 19.1 Materials can become electrically charged. 19.2 Charges can move from one place to another. 19.3 Electric current is a flow of charge. CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER RESOURCES

2 Materials can become electrically charged.
19.1 Materials can become electrically charged. Electric charge is a property of matter. electric charge Electrons have a negative charge. electric field static charge induction CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

3 Materials can become electrically charged.
19.1 Materials can become electrically charged. Electric charge is a property of matter. electric charge Protons have a positive charge. electric field static charge induction CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

4 Materials can become electrically charged.
19.1 Materials can become electrically charged. Electric charge is a property of matter. electric charge electric field Unlike charges attract. static charge induction CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

5 Materials can become electrically charged.
19.1 Materials can become electrically charged. Electric charge is a property of matter. electric charge Like charges repel. electric field static charge induction CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

6 Materials can become electrically charged.
19.1 Materials can become electrically charged. Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons, resulting in an imbalance of positive and negative charges. electric charge electric field static charge At first, a balloon and a glass rod each have balanced, neutral charges. induction CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

7 Materials can become electrically charged.
19.1 Materials can become electrically charged. Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons, resulting in an imbalance of positive and negative charges. electric charge electric field When they touch, electrons move from the rod to the balloon. static charge induction CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

8 Materials can become electrically charged.
19.1 Materials can become electrically charged. Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons, resulting in an imbalance of positive and negative charges. electric charge electric field static charge Afterwards, the balloon has a negative charge, and the rod has a positive charge. induction CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

9 Materials can become electrically charged.
19.1 Materials can become electrically charged. Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons, resulting in an imbalance of positive and negative charges. electric charge electric field static charge induction SIMULATION Learn more about static electricity. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

10 19.1 electric charge Materials can become electrically charged.
electric field static charge A property that allows one object to exert a force on another object without touching it. Electric charge can be positive or negative: positive charge is a property of the proton, while negative charge is a property of the electron. induction CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

11 19.1 electric field Materials can become electrically charged.
electric charge electric field electric field static charge An area surrounding a charged object, within which the object can exert a force on another object without touching it. induction CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

12 19.1 static charge Materials can become electrically charged.
electric charge static charge electric field static charge The buildup of electric charge in an object caused by the uneven distribution of charged particles. induction CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

13 19.1 induction Materials can become electrically charged.
electric charge induction electric field static charge The build-up of a static charge in an object when the object is close to, but not touching, a charged object. induction CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

14 Charges can move from one place to another.
19.2 Charges can move from one place to another. Charge movement is affected by 1. Lightning strikes the lightning rod, because the rod is the path of least resistance. electric potential • electric potential, measured in volts volt conductor • resistance, measured in ohms insulator resistance A conductor has low resistance. ohm 2. The rod conducts the charge to a conductor cable, which has low resistance. grounding An insulator has high resistance. A ground is the path of least resistance. 3. The ground wire conducts the charge into the ground, where it spreads out and becomes harmless. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

15 19.2 electric potential Charges can move from one place to another.
volt conductor The amount of potential energy per unit charge that a static charge or electric current has. Electric potential is measured in volts, and is often called voltage. insulator resistance ohm grounding CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

16 19.2 volt Charges can move from one place to another. V
electric potential volt volt conductor V The unit of measurement for electric potential, which is equal to one joule per coulomb. The number of volts of an electric charge equals the charge’s voltage. insulator resistance ohm grounding CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

17 19.2 conductor Charges can move from one place to another.
electric potential conductor volt conductor 1. A material that transfers electric charge easily. insulator 2. A material that transfers heat easily. resistance ohm grounding CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

18 19.2 insulator Charges can move from one place to another.
electric potential insulator volt conductor 1. A material that does not transfer electric charge easily. insulator 2. A material that does not transfer heat easily. resistance ohm grounding CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

19 19.2 resistance Charges can move from one place to another. R
electric potential resistance volt conductor R The property of a material that determines how easily a charge can move through it. Resistance is measured in ohms. insulator resistance ohm grounding CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

20 19.2 ohm Charges can move from one place to another.
electric potential ohm volt conductor The unit of measurement for electrical resistance. insulator resistance ohm grounding CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

21 19.2 grounding Charges can move from one place to another.
electric potential grounding volt conductor The creation of a harmless, low-resistance path—a ground—for electricity to follow. Grounding is an important electrical safety procedure. insulator resistance ohm grounding CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

22 Electric current is a flow of charge.
19.3 Electric current is a flow of charge. Electric current is measured in amperes, or amps. electric current ampere Ohm's law states that current equals voltage divided by resistance. Ohm’s law electric cell Current = Resistance Voltage I = V R Electrochemical cells produce electric current through chemical reactions. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

23 Electric current is a flow of charge.
19.3 Electric current is a flow of charge. Electric current is measured in amperes, or amps. electric current ampere Ohm's law states that current equals voltage divided by resistance. Ohm’s law electric cell Current = Resistance Voltage SIMULATION See Ohm’s law in action. I = V R Electrochemical cells produce electric current through chemical reactions. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

24 19.3 electric current Electric current is a flow of charge. I
ampere I A continuous flow of electric charge, which is measured in amperes. Ohm’s law electric cell CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

25 19.3 ampere Electric current is a flow of charge.
The unit of measurement of electric current, which is equal to one coulomb per second. The number of amps flowing through a circuit equals the circuit’s amperage. Ohm’s law electric cell CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

26 19.3 Ohm’s law Electric current is a flow of charge.
ampere The mathematical relationship among current, voltage, and resistance, expressed in the formula I = V/R (current = voltage/resistance). Ohm’s law electric cell CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

27 19.3 electric cell Electric current is a flow of charge.
ampere A device that produces electric current using the chemical or physical properties of different materials. A battery consists of two or more cells linked together. Ohm’s law electric cell CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

28 19.1 Materials can become electrically charged.
I. Materials can become electrically charged. electric charge A. Electric charge is a property of matter. electric field B. Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons. static charge induction 1. Charging by Contact 2. How Materials Affect Static Charging 3. Charging by Induction 4. Charge Polarization C. Technology uses static electricity. CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

29 19.2 Charges can move from one place to another.
II. Charges can move from one place to another. electric potential A. Static charges have potential energy. volt 1. Electric Potential Energy conductor 2. Electric Potential insulator 3. Charge Movement resistance 4. Lightning ohm B. Materials affect charge movement. grounding 1. Conductors and Insulators 2. Resistance 3. Superconductors CHAPTER RESOURCES 4. Grounding KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

30 19.3 Electric current is a flow of charge.
III. Electric current is a flow of charge. electric current A. Electric charge can flow continuously. ampere 1. Current, Voltage, and Resistance Ohm’s law 2. Ohm’s Law electric cell 3. Measuring Electricity B. Electric cells supply electric current. 1. Electrochemical Cells 2. Solar Cells CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

31 Image Gallery Click on the icons to see a larger image or animation.
CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery Click on the icons to see a larger image or animation. SIMULATION Learn more about static electricity. SIMULATION See Ohm’s law in action.

32 CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

33 CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

34 CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

35 CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

36 CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

37 Chapter Resources Click on the items below to access resources on
CHAPTER HOME Chapter Resources Image Gallery Click here to review chapter images and animations Review Game Play a fun interactive review game Animations Link to all the McDougal Littell Science animations Click on the items below to access resources on CLASSZONE.COM Audio Readings Hear chapter audio readings Resource Centers Get more information on select science topics Content Review Review key concepts and vocabulary Standardized Test Practice Practice state standardized tests Math Tutorial Review math concepts BACK TO CHAPTER

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