1. DoD-OFDA Coordination During Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief (HA/DR)
Operations
Sergio Luna
US Agency for International Development Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

2. Corporations & Communities HOST NATION SECURITY FORCES
A Challenging Environment: The Fog of Relief
Corporations & Communities
UNOCHA
NGO
HOST NATION SECURITY FORCES
USG
NGO WFP
NGO
NGO
OTHER DONORS
UNHCR
IOM
ICRC
NGO
Host Nation Response Authorities
INTERNATIONAL POLICE PRESENCE
UNDP
Other Nation Military
Affected Country Requirements

3. 1961 - Foreign Assistance Act: Mandated the creation of USAID
Authorities for USG International Disaster Assistance
Foreign Assistance Act: Mandated the creation of USAID
Congress authorizes the President to appoint a: Coordinator for International Disaster Assistance
….This responsibility is delegated to:
USAID-OFDA Director

4. OFDA’s Mandate Save Lives Alleviate Human Suffering
Reduce the Economic and Social Impact of Disasters

5. OFDA’s Role in a Disaster Response
OFDA is the USG lead for organizing and managing foreign disaster assistance.
Develops overall response strategy
Provides on-scene management in support of U.S. Ambassador
Provides USG funding to implementing partners
Collects and analyzes humanitarian information on the response
Primary reporting source for the total USG response
When necessary, OFDA requests support from other USG agencies (including DoD) in an HA/DR.

6. Three Criteria for Disaster Response

7. Who Can Declare a Disaster for the USG?
U.S. Ambassador or designee, i.e. the Chief of Mission (COM)
Assistant Secretary of State for the Region – in D.C.

8. OFDA’s 3 Response Categories
Personnel & Services
Funding
Commodities

9. OFDA Response: Funding
Commodities
Personnel & Services
Grants…most of OFDA’s $$ goes to grants
Recipients are OFDA implementing partners (UN, NGOs, IOs)
Reviewed, awarded, and monitored by OFDA
Provided based on humanitarian needs

10. OFDA Response: Commodities
Funding
Commodities
Personnel & Services
OFDA stockpiles of humanitarian
commodities:
Pisa, Italy (50,000 sq. ft.)
Subang, Malaysia (7,000 sq. feet)
SUBANG
Miami (30,000 sq. ft..)
Dubai, UAE (38,000 sq. ft.)

11. OFDA Response: Commodities
Funding
Commodities
Personnel & Services
OFDA Stockpiles:
Plastic sheeting
Blankets
Water bladders/ containers
Water treatment units/aquatabs
Hygiene kits
Kitchen sets
Other items
OFDA doesn’t do food (shelf life, storage, security)

12. Transportation of OFDA Commodities
Funding
Commodities
Personnel & Services
Variety of Delivery Methods
Competitive Bid Process
Air Charter
Air Freight
DoD (when unique capacity)
Options for Distribution
UN, NGO
Host Nation

13. OFDA Response: FY16 presence
Funding
Commodities
Personnel & Services
Regional Advisor / Regional Team:
 OFDA Regional Offices:
 Africa – Nairobi, Kenya; Dakar, Senegal; and Pretoria, South Africa
 Asia/Pacific – Bangkok, Thailand
 Latin America – San Jose, Costa Rica
 Europe, Middle East, Central Asia – Budapest, Hungary
Assessment Teams:
- Humanitarian situation,
- Emergency needs,
- Gaps,
- Capacities
- Resources

14. OFDA Response: Personnel
Funding
Commodities
Personnel & Services
Disaster Assistance Response Team (DART)
What is a DART?
Rapid Response Team
C2 Organization
Not a standing organization
Flexible and scalable
Least used response option, though has the highest visibility

15. OFDA Response: Personnel
Funding
Commodities
Personnel & Services
Response Management Team (RMT)
What is an RMT?
DC-based Operations Center
Event-specific, on- call team
Not a standing organization
Primary liaison with DART in the field
May include interagency representatives

16. DoD-OFDA HA/DR Coordination
Concept of Operations
Communication and Linkage of Personnel Process for Requesting DoD Assistance Clarify the Mission
Clarify the RFA Process
Defining the End State

17. Concept of Operations Need for assistance Time
International military and Civil Defense assets
International civilian relief
Local/National response (including military)
Time

18. OFDA – Military Cooperation: FY 2007 to 201590 80
USG
declared disasters 80 77 73 70 67
DoD FDR
in declared disasters 63 63 60 60 52 49 50 8% 4 40 30 20
15% 11
11% 9
6.5% 6% 6% 5% 2% 8% 10 5 4 4 5 3 1
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

19. OFDA – Military Cooperation: Select Examples Since 2005
2005: Pakistan Earthquake 2006: Philippines Mudslides 2006: Indonesia Earthquake 2006: Lebanon CE 2007: Bangladesh Cyclone 2008: Burma Cyclone 2008: Philippines Typhoon 2008: Georgia CE 2009: Pakistan CE 2009: Philippines Typhoon 2009: Indonesia Earthquake
2010: Haiti Earthquake
2010: Kyrgyzstan CE
2010: Pakistan Floods
2011: Japan EQ/Tsunami
2012: Philippines Typhoon
2013: Philippines Typhoon 2014: Iraq Complex Emergency
2014/15: West Africa Ebola 2015: Nepal Earthquake
2016: Ecuador Earthquake
2017: Haiti Hurricane

20. OFDA and DoD Communicate at Multiple Levels
Defense Department
OFDA Washington
OSD:
Authority
DSCA:
Funding
Joint Staff: Capability
Military Liaison Team
OSD & JS
Liaisons
RMT Staff
Combatant Command
Combatant Command
Develops Courses of Action Issues Orders
OFDA Humanitarian Assistance Advisor/Military
Joint Task Force (JTF)
OFDA Response Team
Implements Orders
DART Leader OFDA Civ-Mil Advisor

21. Requesting DOD Support
Exception: Commander can respond immediately to save lives if assets on hand (72 hr rule)
For USG response, US Ambassador validates emergency
HN requests/will accept USG aid
HN overwhelmed
In interest of USG
HN requests assistance from international community (other nations, NGOs, IOs, regional response mechanisms, etc..)
State or USAID request DOD support and may provide $$$ (Via EXECSEC Memo request or letter/ interagency agreement)
SECDEF approves HA/DR
AMB issues disaster declaration cable HN
Responds
Joint Staff tasks CCMD (CJCS EXORD)
USAID/OFDA
responds as Federal Lead
Disaster Occurs
CCMD responds in support of USAID/OFDA

22. Relationships during Foreign Disaster Responses
US Ambassador
Geographic Combatant Commander
USAID/OFDA
Director in DC
Supporting - Supported
JTF Commander
DART Team Leader

23. Clarify the Mission Wholesale vs. Retail ﹘Large capacity airlift
﹘Airfield and port management
﹘Off-loading and trans-loading
﹘Moving supplies and people
﹘Helicopter and air support
﹘Engineering assessments*
﹘Security*

24. Fairfax County USAR loading equipment onto a C-5 in route to Kenya after the Embassy bombing in Nairobi, Kenya, in 1998

25. Clarify the Mission Wholesale Vs. Retail
﹘Food/commodities distribution
﹘Camp management
﹘Health/water and sanitation programs
﹘Processing/ screening/tracing of displaced persons
﹘Vaccinations

26. Pull not push system Clarify the Mission
Needs-based NOT capabilities based assistance
Consignee identified in advance
No potentially harmful goods
Air drops seldom used
OFDA validates USG commodities

27. The Request for Assistance (RFA) Process
RFA’s to DoD through Mission Tasking Matrix (MITAM) form
MITAM provides DoD validated and prioritized mission assignments
MITAM tracks MOP so units can recoup $$
Process Ensures that DoD’s HA/DR efforts are appropriate

28. Mission Tasking Matrix: MITAM
Standard, field-tested process for validating, prioritizing, and submitting RFA’s for DoD support.
(~ MITAM sometimes FRAGOed)

29. The MITAM Process Validate Vet Prioritize (MITAM) Execute Report Plan
Organizations Requesting Assistance with Humanitarian Efforts:
USG Organization
or Implementing Partner (UN, NGO, etc.)
Other Donors, UN Agency, or NGO not directly funded by the USG
Host Nation Civilian Organizations
Host Nation Military
Submit Request for Assistance (RFA) to OFDA
OFDA Civ-Mil Coordinator:
Validate
Vet
Prioritize
Submits Mission Tasking Matrix
(MITAM)
to DOD
DOD Responding Unit:
Execute Report
Non- humanitarian requests
Plan

30. End State Considerations
The Host nation capacity is sufficient
The International civilian capacity is sufficient
The capabilities of DoD are no longer needed or no longer unique

31. End State Realities Potential Realities
Affected countries may say it is time for foreign militaries to leave
The ambassador determines no more need for DOD forces
SECDEF issues redeployment order
No more MITAMs
It is always best to leave:
Before you are asked
While you are still liked

32. QUESTIONS ?