1. Japan During the Age of Imperialism
From Victim to Imperial and Military Power

2. Student Responsibilities During PowerPoint
Highlight key information.
Add information from the oral part of the lecture.
Respond to the included Primary Sources.
Do the Pair-Share Activities
Take additional notes from the YouTube Videos.

3. Difference Between China and Japan in Response to European Imperialism
“The Japanese willow bent with the winds of western imperialism and survived; the Chinese oak stood fast against the winds from the west and fell.”
What does this quote mean?
This is the basis for the Short Answer Question on the First East Asia Unit Test!

4. Japanese Isolationism and Weaknesses of Tokugawa Japan

5. Japan and Isolationaism
In the early 1600’s, Japan shut itself off from the world-Isolationism
Under the rule of the Tokugawa shoguns, Japan remained strictly ordered by following a system of feudalism .
Samurai warriors kept Japan protected and fairly peaceful for two centuries.

7. Demand for Trade
Japan had little to no contact with other nations before the 1800’s except with China and Korea.
By the early 1800’s, many western nations tried to convince the Japanese to open their ports to trade.
Much like ethnocentric and isolationist neighbor China, Japan often refused to receive these nations.

8. Weaknesses of Tokugawa Japan5
After the Tokugawa shoguns gained power in 1600, the reimposed centralized feudalism, closed Japan to foreigners and forbade Japanese to travel overseas.
The Japanese had limited trade with the Dutch in the port of Nagasaki.
By the 1800’s:
Shoguns were no longer strong leaders
Daimyo suffered financial hardship
Samurai were no longer fighters
Merchants had no political power
Peasants suffered under heavy taxes

9. America Arrives in Japan
End to Isolation
America Arrives in Japan

10. End to Isolation
In 1853, American president Millard Fillmore sent naval Commodore Mathew Perry to deliver a letter to the Japanese government
This letter urged Japan to open up its ports to western trade or be destroyed in one year’s time.

11. President Fillmore Letter
Pay special attention to this part of the Fillmore Letter: “The United States of America reach from ocean to ocean, and our Territory of Oregon and State of California lie directly opposite to the dominions of your imperial majesty. Our steamships can go from California to Japan in eighteen days. Your Good Friend, Millard Fillmore.” What is the implied threat in President Fillmore’s letter?

12. What Did the U. S. Want?? Coaling stations. More trading partners.
A haven for ship-wrecked sailors.

13. Treaty of Kanagawa: Test Question
Perry returned in February of 1854 with eight ships.
The Treaty of Kanagawa:
Opened two ports for provisioning American ships, Shimoda and Hakodate.
Provided for humane treatment shipwrecked sailors.
Established counselor but not commercial relations.
Kanagawa is now part of Yokohama.
There was an effort at pleasantries. A banquet was held and gifts exchanged. The Japanese presented fine porcelain, brocaded silk and lacquer-ware. The Americans presented Colt revolvers.
The arrival of Perry threw the bakufu into a quandary. The shogun actually asked the daimyo for advice. The answer was “joi’” meaning “expel.” Needless to say, the shogun received little sympathy from the daimyo.
The provision for good treatment of shipwrecked sailors was more significant than it might at first appear. The northern Pacific was a major waling ground. There were numerous fishing vessels in the area of Hokkaido and northern Honshu.

14. How Japanese Viewed American Actions
Highly idealistic samurai who felt that the arrival of Westerners was an attack on the traditional values of Japan.
They believed that:
Japan was sacred ground.
The emperor, now a figurehead in Kyoto, was a God.
Were furious at the Shogun for signing treaties with the West without the Emperor’s consent.
Their slogan  Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians!

15. Japanese History of Edo period to Meiji Restoration(6/6) Running Time of 8:17 Minutes

16. How To Beat The Westerners At Their Own Game….
Basis for First East Asia Short Answer: How Did Japan Respond Differently to Western Imperialism Than China

17. Japan Learns a Lesson!
In 1862, just before the start of the Meiji period, Tokugawa sent officials and scholars to China to study the situation there. A Japanese recorded in his diary from Shanghai…
What does he mean? What does Japan intend to do?
“The Chinese have become servants to the foreigners. Sovereignty may belong to China but in fact it's no more than a colony of Great Britain and France.”

18. Rise of Meiji Rule
Meiji Restoration

19. Compare These Two Figures
Pair-Share Activity:
Traditional
clothing, hair,
sword, looks proud
Looks like…
Western
clothing, hair
sword, looks proud
Looks like…
1. What are the similarities and differences between the two men?
2. What adjectives would you use to describe each ruler?

20. Japan’s Response: End of Tokugawa Rule
The sudden intrusion of foreign powers in Japan resulted in the collapse of the Tokugawa and the restoration of imperial rule
The dissident slogan was “Revere the emperor, expel the barbarians.”
On Jan 3, 1868, the boy emperor Mutsuhito took power
He later became known as Meiji (“Enlightened Rule”)

21. Meiji Reforms

22. Japan’s Response: Meiji Reforms
The Meiji government strived to gain parity with foreign powers behind the motto “rich country, strong army”
Test Question: It looked to the industrial lands of the United States and Europe to obtain knowledge and expertise to strengthen Japan and win revisions of the unequal treaties
The Meiji sent many students and officials abroad to learn everything from technology to construction and hired foreign experts to facilitate economic development and indigenous expertise

23. Meiji Reforms Land Redistribution
Westernize the School System (American.)
Test Question
Abolition of the feudal system
Modern Banking System
Modernize the Army (German)
Meiji Reforms
Written Constitution (German)
Build a Modern Navy (British)
Human Rights & Religious Freedom
Emperor Worship Intensified

24. Economic Reform
By the turn of the century, Japan was one of the top industrial powers in the world
And like those powers, Japan now desired to create an empire of its own
Industrial Output 1900

25. Quick Acrostic/Mnemonic Device
M = Meiji
E  = Ends
I  =  Isolation
J  = Japan
I  =  Industrializes

26. Pair Activity: Two Views on Modernization
“This is a brilliant and exciting time. We are finally free from all trivial restrictions and are able to do what we like. We can move to the cities, educate ourselves, and even move up the social ladder. Japan in becoming a modern, wealth, and powerful nation under this great new system.”
“This is a very turbulent and uneasy time in Japan. Our beautiful environment has been polluted from the factories. There is unrest in the countryside, since the peasant farmers are forced to pay high taxes in cash, not in crops. And many are suffering in the cites as a result of strenuous factory work. Japan has suffered and sacrificed under this new system.”
Did the Meiji Restoration help or harm Japan?

27. Meiji Japan: Reforming a Nation Through Western Development MauimountLtd published on Apr 15, 2012 Running Time of Ten Minutes

28. Impact of Meiji Restoration
Japan Becomes An Imperial Power

29. Little Nation, Big Power
Japan modeled their navy after Great Britain, their government and army after Germany, and their educational system after the United States.
In a matter of only 30 years, Japan transformed from a weak isolated nation to a powerful, industrial nation!
Feeling proud of their new strength, Japan's feelings of Nationalism grew.
Japan looked to compete with Europe and build their own imperial empire.

30. Imperial Japan: As a small island nation, Japan had few resources essential to industrial growth. Spurred by nationalism and imperialism, Japan built an empire
Sino-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War
Annexation of Korea
Causes?
Japan wanted imperial control of Korea; so did China
Russians wanted control of Korea and Manchuria
Japan wanted total control over Korea
What happened? Who won?
Japan
Results?
Japan gets first colonies; Japan gets imperial control of Manchuria
Russia forced out of Manchuria and Korea
Japan takes total control over Korea

31. Pair-Share Activity
What is the main point or common theme of the next two political cartoons?
How can you tell?
Identify ONE example that supports the main point of the political cartoons.

34. Japan in the Inter-War Years

35. Post-World War I Japan
After World War I, Japan saw itself as the dominant power in the East
It began to pursue policies that would increase their territory and their influence in Asia
Ultimately, these policies would lead to the outbreak of war in the Pacific

36. Motives for Japanese Expansion: Test Question
Economics
Japan was in desperate need of natural resources to fuel its industry and military
Extreme Nationalism
Many Japanese citizens believed that Japan was the most superior country in Asia and therefore had the right to rule everyone else
Acts by Western Powers
Several actions by Western powers were motivated by the belief that Japan was not equal; these insults fueled imperialistic desires in Japan

37. Test Question

38. “Led” by Emperor Hirohito
Leaders in Japan
Country: Japan
“Led” by Emperor Hirohito
Controlled behind the scenes by Hideki Tojo
Hideki Tojo
Emperor Hirohito

39. Totalitarian Regimes in Europe & Asia
In the 1920s & 1930s, Japan was the strongest & wealthiest nation in Asia; Prime Minister Hideki Tojo created a military dictatorship in Japan

40. Hideki Tojo Preached virtues of territorial expansion
Needed to conquer – gain more land
Japan poor in natural resources
Claimed Japan’s destiny was to drive out the western colonial powers and rule all of Asia
Censored media and demanded total obedience

41. Second Sino-Japanese War
Invasion of Manchuria

42. Second Sino-Japanese War
Manchurian Incident, 1931, Japanese military leaders decided to conquer Manchuria
Resources would free Japan from reliance on Western trade
Moved quickly to gain control; civilian government powerless
Set up government in region, renamed Japanese-controlled state, Manchukuo
Conquering Manchuria

43. Pair-Share Activity
The deposed Chinese Emperor Pu Yi was now seized upon by the Japanese as the new puppet ruler of Manchukuo.
Manchukuo means land of the ‘Manchu’. What more fitting than a Manchu leader?
Explain why the Japanese would want to do this.

44. A Japanese Propaganda Poster
Notice the flags-Japan,Manchukuo and China.
What is the purpose of this poster?

45. Japanese Imperialism: 2nd Sino-Japanese War
Why?
Japan wanted more natural resources, land for Japanese citizens to live and farm
Believed racially superior to the Chinese.
: Rape of Nanking: Test Question
370K executions, 80K rapes
Huge casualties
J loses 1.1m soldiers
China loses 3.2m soldiers, 18m civilians

46. Rape of Nanjing: Test Question
2/3 of city destroyed because of arson
Torched newly built government buildings and the homes of civilians
Soldiers took valuables and anything they wanted from the poor and the wealthy
Littered the Yangtze River with bodies
Streets were heaped with bodies so troops could make their way across the town

47. YouTube Video: Have To Go To YouTube To Watch
Why China Hates Japan
Seeker Daily
Published on Nov 5, 2014
Running Time of 3:50 Minutes
China and Japan have a long history of rivalry and conflict, marred by war and atrocities. Today, both nations’ economies are thriving, and they’re big trade partners, so why does China still resent Japan? TestTube Daily takes a look at the countries’ dark past and the effect it's had on their relationship today.

48. YouTube Video: Need To Go To YouTube To View
Japanese Expansionism Before and During World War Two (WWII) - Part 1
jbranstetter04
Uploaded on Aug 2, 2009
Running Time of 9:59 Minutes