1. Grammar Notes Direct & Indirect Objects (Frosh)

2. Grammar Notes & Exercises- Direct & Indirect Objects
A Direct Object is a noun, pronoun, or word group that tells who or what receives the action of a verb or shows the result of the action.
Ex: Germs cause illness.
“Germs cause what?”– Answer: “illness”– “illness” is the Direct Object

3. Grammar Notes & Exercises- Direct & Indirect Objects
YOU TRY!
1. Lucy visited me.
2. What a scary movie we saw. DO DO

4. Grammar Notes & Exercises- Direct & Indirect Objects
An Indirect Object is a noun, pronoun or word group that tells “to/for whom” or “to/for what” the action of a verb is done.
Ex: Natalie knitted her friend a sweater.
“Natalie knitted a sweater for who?”– Answer: “her friend”– “friend” in the Indirect Object

5. Grammar Notes & Exercises- Direct & Indirect Objects
YOU TRY!
1. My little sister sang me a song.
2. Lydia sold Geraldo, Freddy and me lemonade. IO IO

7. Grammar Notes Pronouns & Antecedents (Soph/Junior)

8. Grammar Notes & Exercises- Pronouns & Antecedents
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or another pronoun
An antecedent is the word or word-group that a pronoun stands for
Ex: Tim forgot his book in his locker.
Antecedent
Pronoun

9. Grammar Notes & Exercises- Pronouns & Antecedents
A Pronoun should clearly refer to its Antecedent
Types of reference errors:
Ambiguous Reference– when any one of two or more words can be a pronoun’s antecedent
Ex: Marissa called Yolanda while she was at the library last weekend.
Who was at the library? Marissa or Yolanda?
THE FIX!- While Marissa was at the library last weekend, she called Yolanda.

10. Grammar Notes & Exercises- Pronouns & Antecedents
General Reference- use of a Pronoun that refers to a general idea rather than a specific antecedent.
Ex: Paul has an interview today. That explains why he is wearing a suit.
That has no specific antecedent
THE FIX!- Paul is wearing a suit because he has an interview today.

11. Grammar Notes & Exercises- Pronouns & Antecedents
Weak Reference– when a Pronoun is used that refers to a suggested– but not expressed– antecedent.
Ex: Lucy writes stories, and she hopes to make it her career.
The antecedent writing is implied by the pronoun it, though it is never expressed.
THE FIX– Lucy writes stories, and she hopes to make writing her career.

12. Grammar Notes & Exercises- Pronouns & Antecedents
Indefinite Reference– use of a Pronoun that refers to no specific Antecedent.
Ex: In the newspaper, it reported that the robbers had been caught.
The pronoun it is not necessary to the meaning of the sentence.
THE FIX!– The newspapers reported that the robbers had been caught.