1. Trigeminal (V) cranial nerve
(nervus trigeminus)

2. Contents 1. General description of trigeminal nerve
2. Topography of trigeminal nerve
3. Branches of trigeminal nerve
Ophthalmic nerve (nervus ophtalmicus)
Maxillary nerve ( nervus maxillaris)
Mandibular nerve (nervus mandibularis)
4.Клинические проявления поражения тройничного нерва

3. Trigeminal nerve (nervus trigeminus)
contains motor and sensory fibres
Type of fibres
Beginning
End
1. Motor fibres
Neurons contained in the trigeminal nerve motor nucleus (situated in the upper part of the rhomboid fossa (dorsal pons))
Effectors in the innervated muscles
2. Sensory fibres
Pseudounipolar neurons contained in the trigeminal ganglion
Central processes end in the trigeminal nerve sensory nuclei:
mesencephalic;
-pontine;
-spinal
Peripheral processes end in the skin of the innervated regions or in the muscles by extero- and proprioceptors
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4. Location of the trigeminal nerve nuclei
Mesencephalic trigeminal nerve nucleus
(nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini)
is a communication centre of the conduction tract of proprioceptive sensation from the mimic and masticatory muscles, palatine muscles, tensor tympani and suprahyoid muscles
Trigeminal ganglion
(ganglion trigeminale)
Motor trigeminal nerve nucleus
(nucleus motorius
nervi trigemini)
Spinal trigeminal nerve nucleus (nucleus et tractus
spinalis nervi trigemini)
Is a communication centre of the conduction tract of pain and temperature sensations from the face region
Pontine trigeminal nerve nucleus
(nucleus pontinus
nervi trigemini)
is a communication centre of the conduction tract of the tactile sensation from the face region

5. Location of the trigeminal nerve roots
The motor root is formed by axons
arising from the neurons
situated in the trigeminal nerve
motor nucleus
The sensory root is formed
by the central processes
arising from the neurons
contained in the trigeminal ganglion

6. Location of the trigeminal (Gasserian) ganglion (ganglion trigeminale)
Trigeminal impression
(impressio trigemini)

7. The place where the trigeminal nerve emerges from the brain
Motor root
(radix motoria)
Sensory root
(radix sensoria)
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8. The divisions of the trigeminal nerve
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9. The divisions of the trigeminal nerve
1. Ophthalmic nerve (nervus ophthalmicus)
2. Maxillary nerve (nervus maxillaris)
3. Mandibular nerve (nervus mandibularis)

10. The divisions of the trigeminal nerve
Ophthalmic nerve
Ganglion trigeminale
Maxillary nerve
Mandibular nerve

11. Ophthalmic nerve
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12. (nervus ophthalmicus)
Ophthalmic nerve
(nervus ophthalmicus)
contains only sensory fibres
is formed by peripheral processes arising from the neurons contained in the trigeminal ganglion
end in the pontine, spinal and
mesencephalic nuclei of the trigeminal nerve

13. Course of the ophthalmic nerve in the cranial cavity
Superior orbital fissaure (fissura orbitalis superior)
Cavernous sinus
(sinus cavernosus)
Ophthalmic nerve (nervus ophthalmicus)
Trigeminal nerve
(ganglion trigeminale)

14. Branches of the ophthalmic nerve
Nasociliary nerve
(n. nasociliaris)
Frontal nerve
(n. frontalis)
Lacrimal nerve
(n. lacrimalis)
Posterior and anterior ethmoidal nerves (nn. ethmoidales posterior et anterior)
Supraorbital nerve, n. supraorbitalis (ramus medialis et lateralis)
Supratrochlear nerve
(n. supratrochlearis)
Long cicliary nerves (nn. ciliares longi)
Nasal branches (rami nasales)
Infratrochlear nerve (n. infratrochlearis)
Connecting branch to the ciliary ganglion,
(ramus communicans cum ganglion ciliare)

15. The structures through which the ophthalmic nerve branches pass
Supraorbital foramen
(foramen supraorbitalis)
Anterior ethmoidal foramen
(foramen ethmoidale posterius)
Posterior ethmoidal foramen
(foramen ethmoidale anterius)
Superior orbital fissure
(fissura orbitalis superior)
Frontal notch
(incisura frontalis)
Pyramid of the temporal bone
(pyramis ossis temporalis)

16. Supraorbital foramen (foramen supraorbitale)
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17. To return to initial slide
Posterior ethmoidal foramen
(foramen ethmoidale posterius)
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18. Anterior ethmoidal foramen (foramen ethmoidale anterius)
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19. Pyramid of temporal bone (pyramis ossis temporalis)
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Frontal notch (incisura frontalis)
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21. Superior orbital fissure (fissura orbitalis superior)
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22. The course of the ophthalmic nerve`s branches (ganglion trigeminale)
n.frontalis
Lacrimal gland
n.lacrimalis
Ophthalmic nerve
(n. ophthalmicus)
Trigeminal ganglion
(ganglion trigeminale)
n.nasociliaris

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Ophthalmic nerve (n. ophthalmicus)
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Trigeminal ganglion (g. trigeminale)
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Frontal nerve (n.frontalis)
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26. Lacrimal nerve (n.lacrimalis)
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27. To return to initial slide
Nasociliary nerve (n.nasociliaris)
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28. The branches of the frontal nerve (n.frontalis) (ganglion trigeminale)
r.lateralis
n.supraorbitalis
n. frontalis
n. lacrimalis
r.medialis
n.supratrochlearis
Trigeminal ganglion
(ganglion trigeminale)
n. nasociliaris

29. The branches of nasociliary nerve (n.nasociliaris)
n.infratrochlearis
n.ethmoidalis anterior
n. frontalis
n.ethmoidalis posterior
n. lacrimalis
ramus communicans cum ganglion ciliare
Trigeminal ganglion
(ganglion trigeminale)
n.nasociliaris
rr. nasales
nn.ciliares longi
Ciliary ganglion
(gandlion ciliare)
Transit the ciliary ganglion without interruption
and then pass via the short ciliary nerves (nn. ciliares breves) to the iris; the give the sensory innervation to the pupillary muscles and ciliary muscle

30. Supratrochlear nerve (n. supratrochlearis)
provides the sensory innervation to
Foreheard
Upper eyelid
Nasal root
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31. Supraorbital nerve (n. supraorbitalis)
provides the sensory innervation to
Temporal and parietal regions
Forehead
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32. Long ciliary nerves (nn. ciliares longi) provides sensation to
Fibrous coat
Vascular coat
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33. To return to initial slide
Anterior ethmoidal nerve (n. ethmoidalis anterior) provides sensation to
Mucosa of the ethmoidal labyrinth
Mucosa of the frontal sinus
Dorsum of the nose
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34. To return to initial slide
Posterior ethmoidal nerve (n. ethmoidalis posterior) provides sensation to
Mucosa of ethmoidal labyrinth
Mucosa of
the sphenoidal sinus
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35. Nasal branches of the anterior ethmoidal nerve provide sensation to
Mucosa of the anterior part of the nasal cavity
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36. Lacrimal nerve (n. lacrimalis) To return to initial slide
provides sensation to
Lacrimal gland
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37. To return to initial slide
Infratrochlear nerve
(n. infratrochlearis)
provides sensation to
Dorsum of the nose and medial angle of eye
Lacrimal sac
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38. Thus, the ophthalmic nerve provides sensory innervation to:
Ophthalmic nerve (n. ophthalmicus)
- Lacrimal gland
- Eyeball
- Lacrimal sac
Mucosa of frontal and sphenoidal sinuses
- Upper eyelid
- Forehead, dorsum of nose
- Mucosa of ethmoidal labyrinth and anterior part of nasal cavity

39. the second division of the trigeminal nerve
Maxillary nerve
(n.maxillaris) -
the second division of the trigeminal nerve
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40. Maxillary nerve
(nervus maxillaris)
contains only sensory fibres
is formed by peripheral processes arising from the neurons contained in the trigeminal ganglion
end in the pontine, spinal and
mesencephalic nuclei of the trigeminal nerve

41. Branches of maxillary nerve (n. maxillaris)
Infraorbital nerve
(nervus infraorbitalis)
Zygomatic nerve
(nervus zygomaticus)
Ganglionic branches
(rami ganglionares)
Inferior palpebral branches
(rami palpebrales inferiores)
Zygomaticotemporal branch
(ramus zygomaticotemporalis)
External and internal
nasal branches
(rami nasales externi
et interni)
2. Zygomaticofacial branch
(ramus zygomaticofacialis)
3. Communicating branch of lacrimal nerve
Anterior, middle and
posterior superior
alveolar branches (rami alveolares anteriores,
medius et posteriores)
4. Superior labial branches
(rami labiales superiores)

42. The structures through which the maxillary nerve branches pass
Infraorbital canal
(canalis
infraorbitalis)
Inferior orbital fissure
(fissura orbitalis inferior)
Foramen rotundum
(foramen rotundum)
Infraorbital foramen
(foramen infraorbitale)
Pyramid of temporal bone
(pyramis ossis temporalis)
Pterygopalatine fossa
(fossa pterygopalatina)
Zygomaticoorbital
foramen
(foramen
zygomaticoorbitale)
Zygomaticotemporal foramen
(foramen zygomaticotemporale)
Zygomaticofacial foramen
(foramen
zygomaticofaciale)

43. Pyramid of temporal bone (pyramis ossis temporalis)
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44. To return to initial slide
Pterygopalatine fossa (fossa pterygopalatina)
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45. To return to initial slide
Zygomaticoorbital foramen (foramen zygomaticoorbitale)
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46. Zygomaticofacial foramen (foramen zygomaticofaciale)
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47. Zygomaticotemporal foramen (foramen zygomaticotemporale)
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48. To return to initial slide
Foramen rotundum
(foramen rotundum)
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49. Inferior orbital fissure (fissura orbitalis inferior)
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50. (foramen infraorbitalе) To return to initial slide
Infraorbital foramen
(foramen infraorbitalе)
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51. The course of the maxillary nerve branches (n. maxillaris)
n. infraorbitalis
ganglion trigeminale
rr. ganglionares
Pterygopalatine ganglion
(ganglion pterygopalatinum)
n. zygomaticus

52. Maxillary nerve (n.maxillaris)
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53. n.infraorbitalis
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54. n.zygomaticus
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55. rr. alveolares superiores
The branches of infraorbital nerve (n. infraorbitalis)
n. maxillaris
n. infraorbitalis
rr. palpebrales inferiores
ganglion trigeminale
rr. nasales externi et interni
rr. ganglionares
pes anserinus
minor
ganglion pterygopalatinum
n. zygomaticus
rr. alveolares superiores
anteriores, medius et
posteriores
plexus dentalis
superior
 rr. labiales
superiores

56. Anterior superior alveolar branches
(rr. alveolares superiores anteriores)
innervate
Upper incisors, canine teeth,
upper gum, mucosa
in the maxillary sinus
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57. Middle superior alveolar branch (r. alveolaris superior medius)
innervates
Upper premolars, upper gum,
mucosa in the maxillary sinus
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58. Posterior superior alveolar branches
(rr. alveolares superiores posteriores)
innervate
Upper molars, upper gum,
mucosa in the maxillary sinus
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59. Superior labial branches (rr. labiales superiores)
innervate
Skin and mucosa of upper lip
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60. Inferior palpebral branches (rr. palpebrales inferiores)
innrevate
Lower eyelid
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61. External nasal branches (rr. nasales externi) Internal nasal branches
(rr. nasales interni)
innervate
innervate
wing of nose
Mucosa in the anterior part of the nasal cavity
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62. Branches of zygomatic nerve (n. zygomaticus)
n. maxillaris
n. infraorbitalis
Communicating branch
of the lacrimal nerve
(contains
parasympathetic
fibres running from
pterygopalatine
ganglion)
n. lacrimalis
ganglion trigeminale
rr. ganglionares
ganglion pterygopalatinum
n. zygomaticus
 r. zygomaticotemporalis
 r. zygomaticofacialis

63. Zygomaticofacial branch (r. zygomaticofacialis)
innervates
zygomatic and buccal regions
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64. Zygomaticotemporal branch (r. zygomaticotemporalis)
innervates
temporal region and lateral angle of the eye
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65. Ganglionic branches (rr. ganglionares)
n. maxillaris
n. infraorbitalis
ganglion trigeminale
rr. ganglionares
ganglion pterygopalatinum
n. zygomaticus
Pass through pterygopalatine ganglion (ganglion pterygopalatinum)
without interruption
and then they are included in the following branches
arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion (see the next slide):

66. Branches of the pterygopalatine ganglion
Medial superior posterior nasal branches
(rami nasales posteriores superiores mediales)
Lateral superior posterior nasal branches
(rami nasales posteriores superiores laterales)
Nasopalatine nerve (nervus nasopalatinus)
Greater palatine nerve
(nervus palatinus major)
Inferior posterior nasal branches
(rami nasales posteriores inferiores)
Lesser palatine nerves (nervi palatini minores)

67. The structures through which the parasympathetic fibres arising from the pterygopalatine ganglion pass together with the sensory fibres arising from the maxillary nerve
Pterygopalatine ganglion
(ganglion pterygopalatinum)
Sphenopalatine foramen
(foramen sphenopalatinum)
Incisive canal
(canalis incisivus)
Lesser palatine canals
(canales palatini minores)
Hard palate
(palatum durum)
Greater palatine canal
(canalis palatinus major)

68. The course of the parasympathetic fibres from the pterygopalatine ganglion passing together with the sensory fibres from the maxillary nerve
Medial superior posterior
nasal branches
(rami nasales posteriores
superiores mediales)
Pterygopalatine ganglion
(ganglion pterygopalatinum)
Lateral superior posterior
nasal branches
(rami nasales posteriores
superiores laterales)
Inferior posterior nasal branches
(rami nasales posteriores inferiores)
Lesser palatine nerves
(nervi palatini minores)
Nasopalatine nerve
(nervus nasopalatinus)
Greater palatine nerve
(nervus palatinus major)
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69. The regions of innervation by parasympathetic fibres from
the pterygopalatine ganglion and sensory fibres from the maxillary nerve
Medial superior posterior nasal branches
(rami nasales posteriores superiores mediales)
Mucosa covering superior part
of the nasal septum
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70. The regions of innervation by parasympathetic fibres from
the pterygopalatine ganglion and sensory fibres from the maxillary nerve
Lateral superior posterior nasal branches
(rami nasales posteriores superiores laterales)
Mucosa covering the superior and
middle nasal conchae,
superior nasal meatus and
posterior part of the middle nasal
meatus
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71. The regions of innervation by parasympathetic fibres from
the pterygopalatine ganglion and sensory fibres from the maxillary nerve
Nasopalatine nerve (nervus nasopalatinus)
Mucosa covering the lower part
of the nasal septum and
anterior part of the hard palate
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72. The regions of innervation by parasympathetic fibres from
the pterygopalatine ganglion and sensory fibres from the maxillary nerve
Greater palatine nerve (nervus palatinus major)
Mucosa covering the hard
and soft palate, upper gum
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73. Next slide The regions of innervation by parasympathetic fibres from
the pterygopalatine ganglion and sensory fibres from the maxillary nerve
Inferior posterior nasal branches
(rami nasales posteriores inferiores) arising from the greater palatine nerve
Mucosa covering
the inferior nasal concha,
inferior nasal meatus and
anterior part of
the middle nasal meatus
Mucosa covering
the floor of the nasal cavity
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74. The regions of innervation by parasympathetic fibres from
the pterygopalatine ganglion and sensory fibres from the maxillary nerve
Inferior posterior nasal branches
(rami nasales posteriores inferiores) arising from the greater palatine nerve
Mucosa in the maxillary sinus
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75. The regions of innervation by parasympathetic fibres from
the pterygopalatine ganglion and sensory fibres from the maxillary nerve
Lesser palatine nerves (nervi palatini minoris)
Mucosa covering
the soft palate
and palatine tonsil
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76. Inferior orbital fissure (fissura orbitalis inferior)
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77. Sphenopalatine foramen (foramen sphenopalatinum)
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78. Greater palatine canal (canalis palatinus major)
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79. Lesser palatine canals (canales palatini minoris)
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80. Incisive canal (canalis incisivus)
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81. Hard palate (palatum durum)
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82. Thus, the maxillary nerve provides sensory innervation to:
Maxillary nerve (n. maxillaris)
- upper teeth and gum
- skin and mucosa of the upper lip
- mucosa covering the hard and soft palate
zygomatic, buccal and temporal regions of the head
- lower eyelid
- external nose and mucosa in the nasal cavity
- mucosa in the maxillary sinus

83. the third division of the trigeminal nerve
Mandibular nerve
n. mandibularis -
the third division of the trigeminal nerve
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84. (nervus mandibularis) contains motor and sensory fibres
Mandibular nerve
(nervus mandibularis)
contains motor and sensory fibres
Motor fibres
Sensory fibres
are formed by peripheral processes arising from the neurons contained in the trigeminal ganglion
are formed by axons arising from the neurons contained in motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
end in the pontine, spinal and mesencephalic nuclei of the trigeminal nerve
end by effectors in the fibres of the innervated muscles

85. Branches of mandibular nerve (n. mandibularis)
Sensory branches
Motor branches
Meningeal branch (ramus meningeus)
Masseteric nerve
(nervus massetericus)
Deep temporal nerves
(nervi temporales profundi)
Buccal nerve
(nervus buccalis)
Lateral and medial pterygoid nerves
(nervi pterygoidei lateralis et medialis)
3. Inferior alveolar nerve
(nervus alveolaris inferior)
4. Lingual nerve
(nervus lingualis)
Nerve to tensor tympani
(nervus musculi tensoris tympani)
Nerve to tensor veli palatini
(nervus musculi tensoris veli palatini)
5. Auriculotemporal nerve
(nervus auriculotemporalis)

86. The structures through which the mandibular nerve passes
Foramen spinosum
(foramen spinosum)
Foramen ovale
(foramen ovale)
Pyramid of temporal bone
(pyramis ossis temporalis)
Mental foramen
(foramen mentale)
Tongue (lingva)
Mandibular canal
(canalis mandibulae)

87. To return to initial slide
Mandibular canal
(canalis mandibulae)
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88. To return to initial slide
Foramen ovale
(foramen ovale)
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89. To return to initial slide
Foramen spinosum
(foramen spinosum)
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90. Pyramid of temporal bone (pyramis ossis temporalis)
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91. To return to initial slide
Mental foramen
(foramen
mentale)
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92. The course of the madibular nerve branches
Ветви n. mandibularis
r. meningeus
n. mandibularis
Trigeminal ganglion
n. auriculotemporalis
n. buccalis
n. lingualis
n. alveolaris inferior

93. Mandibular nerve (nervus mandibularis)
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94. Buccal nerve (nervus buccalis)
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95. innervates the buccal region and angle of the mouth
Buccal nerve (nervus buccalis)
innervates the buccal region and angle of the mouth
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96. Lingual nerve (nervus lingualis)
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97. Auriculotemporal nerve (nervus auriculotemporalis)
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98. Нижний альвеолярный нерв (nervus alveolaris inferior)
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99. Meningeal branch (ramus meningeus)
Innervates the dura mater
in the middle cranial fossa
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100. The branches of the inferior alveolar nerve (n. alveolaris inferior)
Ветви n. mandibularis
The branches of the inferior alveolar nerve
(n. alveolaris inferior)
r. meningeus
n. mandibularis
nucleus motorius
nervi trigemini
ganglion trigeminale
n. auriculotemporalis
n. buccalis
rami labiales inferiores
n. lingualis
rami dentales
et gingivales
inferiores
plexus dentalis inferior
n. alveolaris inferior
rami mentales
ramus mylohyoideus
n. mentalis

101. Inferior dental and gingival branches
(rami dentales et gingivales inferiores)
innervate lower teeth and gum
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102. Mylohyoid nerve (n. mylohyoideus)
fully motor nerve innervating
Anterior belly
of digastric
Mylohyoid muscle
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103. Mental branches (rami mentalis)
innervate
Mental region
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104. Нижние губные ветви (rr. labiales inferiores)
иннервируют
кожу нижней губы
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105. The branches of the lingual nerve (n. lingualis)
Ветви n. mandibularis
The branches of the lingual nerve (n. lingualis)
r. meningeus
n. mandibularis
ganglion trigeminale
n. auriculotemporalis
n. buccalis
rami isthmi faucium
rami linguales
n. lingualis
rami sublingualis
n. alveolaris inferior

106. To return to initial slide
Lingual branches (rami linguales)
provide general sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
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107. Sublingual branches (rami sublinguales)
Give sensory innervation
to the sublingual and submandibular salivary glands
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108. To return to initial slide
Branches to isthmus of fauces (rami isthmi faucium)
innervate
mucosa covering the palatoglossal arch
palatine tonsils
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109. Branches of auriculotemporal nerve (n. auriculotemporalis)
Ветви n. mandibularis
rami temporales superficiales
r. meningeus
n. mandibularis
ramus communicans cum gamglion oticum
ganglion trigeminale
Otic ganglion
(ganglion oticum)
rami meatus
acustici externi
n. auriculotemporalis
rami parotidei
rami membranae
tympani
n. buccalis
rami auriculares
anteriores
Parotid gland
n. lingualis
n. alveolaris inferior

110. Branches to tensor tympani (rr. membranae tympani)
innervate
tympanic membrane
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111. Nerve to external acoustic meatus (n. meatus acustici externi)
innervates
skin and cartilage of the auricle
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112. Superficial temporal branches (rr. temporales superficiales)
innervate
Temporal region
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113. Anterior auricular branches (rami auriculares anteriores)
innervate
skin and cartilage
of the auricle
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114. To return to initial slide
Parotid branches (rami parotidei)
provide sensory innervation to the parotid gland
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115. The course of motor branches of the mandibular nerve
Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
(nucleus motorius
nervi trigemini)
Pons
Deep temporal branches
(nervi temporales profundi)
to the temporal muscle
Foramen ovale
Nerve to tensor tympani
(nervus musculi tensoris tympani)
Lateral and medial pterygoid nerves
(nervi pterygoidei
lateralis et medialis)
to the pterygoid muscles
Mandibular nerve
Nerve to tensor tympani
(nervus musculi tensoris veli palatini)
Masseteric nerve
(nervus massetericus)
to the masseter

116. Nerve to tensor tympani (n. musculi tensoris tympani)
innervates
tensor tympani muscle
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117. Thus, the mandibular nerve provides sensory innervation to:
- lower teeth and gums
Mandibular nerve
(n. mandibularis)
- lower lip
- tongue and cheek
mental region
- submandibular and sublingual glands
- masticatory muscles
- tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini
- mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric
- temporomandibular joint

118. Cutaneous innervation of head
Branches of ophthalmic nerve
(n. ophthalmicus)
Branches of maxillary nerve
(n. maxillaris)
Branches of mandibular nerve
(n. mandibularis)
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119. Cutaneous innervation of head and neck
Zones innervated
by trigeminal nerve
Zones innervated
by spinal nerves

120. trigeminal nerve injury
Clinical symptoms of
trigeminal nerve injury
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121. Levels of trigeminal nerve injury
Motor part
Sensory part
Nucleus
Nucleus
Peripheral part
Peripheral part
Root
Root

122. Поражение двигательных волокон
тройничного нерва
периферический парез или паралич жевательных мышц
асимметрия контуров мышц
асимметрия овала лица
асимметрия напряжения мышц на больной и здоровой сторонах
при двустороннем поражении жевательных мышц может наступить отвисание нижней челюсти
снижение нижнечелюстного рефлекса
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123. The damage to the sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve
the decrease of sensation in the innervated zones
paroxysmal pain in the projection of the trigeminal nerve branches
the decrease or loss of corneal reflex (in damage to the ophthalmic nerve branches)
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124. The damage to the motor branches of the trigeminal nerve
peripheral paresis or paralysis of the masticatory muscles
deviation of the lower jaw to the injured side due to the prevalence of the functioning of the pterygoid muscles on the other side
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125. The damage to the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve
Paresthesia and disorder of sensation in the zones innervated by all the trigeminal nerve divisions
The decrease or loss
of the corneal reflex
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126. The symptoms of the damage to the sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei
The spinal nucleus injury
dissociated disorder of pain and temperature sensation in the face in circular zones of Solder. At the same time the tactile and deep sensation are not disordered
the damage to the upper part of the spinal nucleus leads to
the disorder of pain and temperature sensation
in the inner circular zone around the mouth
the damage to the caudal part of the spinal nucleus leads
to the disorder of pain and temperature sensation
in the outer circular zone, lateral region of the face
nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini
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127. The symptoms of the damage to the sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei
The pontine nucleus injury
the loss of the tactile sensation in the side of the injury
nucleus pontinus nervi trigemini
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128. The symptoms of the damage to the sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei
The mesencephalic nucleus injury
the loss of deep sensation in the side of injury
nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini
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129. The symptoms of the damage to the motor trigeminal nerve nucleus
peripheral paresis of masticatory muscles in the side of injury
- atrophy of masticatory muscles
- the inability to compress the jaws on the side of injury
- during opening the mouth, the lower jaw deviates to the side
of injury
- the decrease or loss of the mandibular reflex
nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini
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130. Zones of Solder
are circular cutaneous zones in the face, whose pain and
temperature sensation depends on
certain parts of the spinal trigeminal nerve nucleus
The I zone is innervated from
the upper part of the spinal nucleus
The II zone is innervated from
the middle part of the spinal nucleus
The III zone is innervated from
the lower part of the spinal nucleus