1. WFAS-SYDNEY 2013 8TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON ACUPUNCTURE
Performing Chronoacupuncture (Ziwuliuzhu) in Australia in the Year of  the Horse  Jia Wu Nian 甲午年 Dr. Rey Tiquia PhD.
WFAS-SYDNEY TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON ACUPUNCTURE
November 2-4, 2013
Sydney, Australia

2. Performing Chronoacupuncture (Ziwuliuzhu) In Australia in the Year of  the Horse  Jia Wu Nian 甲午年
Abstract
Traditionally, chronoacupuncture ziwuliuzhu has always been performed in premodern China under
the guidance and rules of the Traditional Chinese Calendar lifa. However, with the political demise of
the lifa in 1911, the traditional Chinese calendar was translated or rendered in a one-sided fashion
into the image of the ‘universe’ of the Western Gregorian Calendar and the Greenwich Mean Time.
In this presentation, I illustrate the performance of chronoacupuncture ziwuliuzhu in the Southern
Hemisphere using the 7th Edition of Australian Chinese Calendar 2013 Gui Si Nian 癸巳年 .
Specifically, I will demonstrate through the medium of the Medical Case Statement Yi an the
successful use of this pre-modern traditional Chinese chronomedical therapy in dealing with recent
cases of wen bing (influenza) which afflicted some of my patients in Melbourne.
Bio
Dr. Rey Tiquia is a federally registered practitioner of traditional Chinese Medicine in Melbourne,
Australia. He is currently an honorary fellow at the School of Historical and Philosophical Studies
(SHAPS), University of Melbourne. He is author of the book Traditional Chinese Medicine as an
Australian Tradition of Health Care (Thesis Series, University of Melbourne Custom Book Centre,
2011) and of the research book chapter “The Qi that got lost in translation: Traditional Chinese
Medicine,Humour and Healing” in J. Chey & Jessica Milner Davis  (eds), Humour in Chinese Life and
Letters Classical and Traditional Approaches (Hong Kong University Press, 2011).

3. A Tabulation of Xu Feng’s Chronoacupuncture Rhyming Poem Setting out the Day and Two-Hour Time Period When Acupuncture Points Open Performing chronoacupuncture ziwuliuzhu under the guidance and rules of the Traditional Chinese Calendar lifa.

4. What is Chronoacupuncture ?
‘Chronoacupuncture’ or Ziwuliuzhu’ in Chinese, is
acupuncture performed with the guidance and help of a
‘Chinese Stems & Branches Temporal Calendar.’ It is a
therapeutic method involving the use of sixty six
acupoints ‘opening’ at specific double-hour time periods in
a day, lunar month and year along the twelve human
Primary meridians located distally beyond both elbows
and knee joints. It is based upon the principle of the
progressive ‘welling’ (jing), ‘swelling’ (rong) ,
‘flowing’ (shu), ‘overflowing’ (jing), ‘entering and
connecting ‘ (he) of the qi and blood xue flow with the
human endogenous organs in concert with the motions and
transformations of the yin and yang qi, five element(al) qi
and in rhythm with the flow of spacetime. [Yan Hong Chen,
Zhenjiu chufangji (A collection of acupoints combination formula), Jilin: Jilin renmin
chubanshe, 1985, p. 102].

5. Qi as “a concrete manifestation of spacetime,” John S. Major
John S. Major, who co-authored the book The Hall of Heavenly Records with Joseph Needham and translator of major chapters of the Huainanzi in which he concluded that “everything is made of qi.” And that “qi is both process and substance, and comes into being as the concrete manifestation of spacetime

6. Qi And Nature’s Temporal Order
Qi can be made visible and palpable
through the medium of Nature’s spatio
-temporal order(s) 天時
such as:
1. Twenty four Climactic Periods jie qi
2. Seventy two pentads hous .
3. Endless flow of the ganzhi sexagenary
cycles of the year nian, months yue, days ri
and two-hour periods shi chen

7. ‘Nature’s Spatio-Temporal Order’
The English term ‘nature’s temporal order’ is a
translation from the Chinese word tian shi 天時.
Tian is ‘nature’ while shi refers to ‘time’ and ‘ season’.
Examples of nature’s temporal order that
can be found in the ancient Chinese time system are
the ‘twenty four solar periods, seventy pentads and
the sexagenary cyclical flow of the year nian, lunar
months yue, days ri and the twelve two-hour periods
shi chen.
[Rey Tiquia. The 1911 Revolution in China, The Chinese Calendar, the Imaginary Qi
and Healing: Translating Lifa into an Australian Chinese Calendar and into an
English Edition of the Northern Hemispherical Chinese Calendar.  Chinese
Studies.  1: ].

8. 24 Subseasonal Phases 節氣 Ecliptic
Long. Chinese Name Gregorian Date Translation
135° 立春 lìchūn August 7,2009 Spring Begins Spring starts here in the Southern Hemisohere.
150° 雨水 yǔshui August Rain water starting at this point, the temperature makes rain more likely than snow
165° 啓蟄 qǐzhé
(驚蟄jīngzhé September Wakiing Little Critters when hibernating insects awake
180° 春分 chūnfēn September 23 Spring Equinox The central divide of spring.
195° 清明 qīngmíng October Clear & bright a Chinese festival where, traditionally, ancestral graves are tended.
210° 穀雨 gǔyǔ October Grain rain Rain helps grain grow.
225° 立夏 lìxià November Beginning of summer The summer season begins.
240° 小滿 xiǎomǎn November Grain full Grains are plump.
255° 芒種 mángzhǒng Decmber Grain in ear Awns (beard of grain) grow.
270° 夏至 xiàzhì December 21 Summer Solstice Summer extreme (of sun's height).
285° 小暑 xiǎoshǔ January Slightly Hot When heat starts to get unbearable.
300° 大暑 dàshǔ January Severely Hot The hottest time of the year
315° 立秋 lìqiū February Autumn Begins The autumn season begins in the Southern Hemisphere.
330° 處暑 chùshǔ February Limit of heat Summer heat has reached its limit.
345° 白露 báilù March White dew Condensed moisture makes dew white; a sign of autumn.
360° 秋分 qiūfēn March Autumnal equinox The central divide of autumn.
15° 寒露 hánlù April Cold Dew Dew starts turning into frost.
30° 霜降 shuāngjiàng April Frost Descends Appearance of frost and descent of temperature.
45° 立冬 lìdōng May Winter Begins refers to the Chinese seasonal definition
60° 小雪 xiǎoxuě May Slight Snow Snow starts falling.
75° 大雪 dàxuě June Heavy Snow Season of snowstorms in full swing.
90° 冬至 dōngzhì June Winter Solstice Winter Yin cold extreme has been reached.
105° 小寒 xiǎohán July Slightly cold The cold weather starts to become unbearable.
120° 大寒 dàhán July Severely Cold The coldest time of year.
Note: The third jiéqì was originally called 啓蟄 (qǐzhé) but renamed to 驚蟄 (jīngzhé) in the era of the Emperor Jing of Han (漢

9. Seventy Two Pentads I SPRING III AUTUMN Spring Begin Autumn Begins
1. East wind melts the ice August 7 through 12th , Cool wind arrives February 3 through 8th English translation from: Lisa Dalby
2. Dormant creatures start to twitch August 12th through 17th White dew descends February 8 through 13th East Wind Melts the Ice:A Memoir
3. Fish swim upstream break ice August 17th through 23rd The cold cicada chirps February 13 through 18th Through the Seasons
Rain Water 雨水 Limit of Heat 處 University of California Press 2007
4. River otters sacrifice fish August 23rd throughAugust 27th The raptor sacrifices birds February 18 through 23rd
5. Wild geese head north August 27th through September 1st Heaven & earth turn strict February 23 through 28
6. Grasses & trees sprout September 1st throughSeptember 7t 42. Millet ripen February 28 through March 5th
Waking little critters 驚螫 White dew 白露
7. Peach blossoms open September 7th through 12th Wild geese come March 5 through 10th
8. Golden orioles sing September 12th through 17th Swallows leave March 10 through 15th
9. Hawks become doves September 17th through 23rd Flocksof births gather grain March 15 through 20th
Spring Equinox 春分 Autumn Equinox 秋分
10. Swallows return September 23 through 28th Thunder pipes down March. 20 through 25tt
11. Thunder sings September 28th through October Beetles wall up their burrows March20 through
12. First lightning October 2 through 8th Waters dry up March 30 through Apr. 4th
Clear & Bright 清明 Cold Dew 寒露
13. Paulownia blooms October 8 through13th Wild geese come as guests April .4 through 9th
14. Moles become quails October 13 through 18th Sparrows enter water and
15. Rainbows appear October 18 through 23rd turn into clams April . 9 through 14rh
Grain Rain 穀雨 Chrysanthemums are tinged yellow April 14 through 20th
16. Floating weeds appear October 23 through 28th Frost Descends 霜降
17. Pigeons flap their wings October 28 throughNovember 2nd The wolf sacrifices the beasts April 20 through 25th
18. The hoopoe alights in Leaves turn yellow and fall April 25 through 30th
the mulberry November 2 through 7th Insects tuck themselves away April 25 through May 5th
II SUMMER IV WINTER
Summer begins 立夏 Winter Begins 立冬
19. Little frog peeps November 7 through 12th Water begins to freeze May 5 through 10th
20. Worms come forth November 12 trough 17th Earth begins to freeze May 10 through 15th
21. Cucurbit flourishes November 17 through 22nd Pheasants enter the water and turn
Grain full 小滿 into monster clams May 15 through 21st
22. Bitter herbs grow tall November 22 through 27th Slight Snow 小雪
23. Waving grasses wither November 27 through Dec. 2nd Rainbows hide May 21 through 26th
24. Autumn wheat ripens Dec. 2 through Dec. 6th Heaven’s Qi rises Earth’s Qi sinks May2 through31st
Grain in ear 芒種 Walled up and closed, winter
25. Mantids hatch December 6 through 11th takes hold May 31 through June 5th
26. The shrike begins to shriek December 11 through 16th Heavy Snow 大雪
27. The mockingbird loses its voice December 16 through 21st The copper pheasant is silent June 5 through 10th
Summer Solstice 夏至 Tigers begin to mate June 10 through 15th
28. Deer break antlers December 21 through 26th The Iris Pallassii sprouts June 15 through 21st
29. Cicadas sing December 26 through 31st Winter Solstice 冬至
30. Crowdipper plant flourishes December 31 through Jan. 5th Earthworms twist June 21 through 26th
Slightly hot 小暑 Elk sheds antlers June 26 through July 1st
31. Hot winds arrive January 5 through 10th Spring waters move July 1 through 7th
32. Crickets comes into the walls January10 through16th Slightly Cold 小寒
33. The hawk studies and learn January 16 through 20th Wild geese return to their
Severely hot 大暑 northern home July 7 through 12th
34. Rotted weeds turn into fireflies January 20 through 26th Magpies nest July 12 through 17th
35. The earth is steaming wet January 26 through 31s The pheasant cock calls its mate July 17 through 22nd
36. Great rain sweeps through January 31 through February 3rd Severely Cold 大寒
70. Pheasant hens brook July 22 through 27th
71. The vulture flies stern and swift July 27 through Aug. 1st.
72. Streams and marshes are frozen solid Aug.1 through 5th
English translations are from Lisa Dalby’s book: East Wind Melts the Ice: A Memoir through the Seasons
University of California Press,2007.

10. The Cyclical Flow of the 60 Gan Zhi 干支 Spatio-Temporal Units for the Years, Months, Days and 12-Two Hour Time Periods

11. The ‘Chinese Stems & Branches Temporal Calendar
And the ‘double-hour time period’ or shi chen 時辰 in Chinese, is part of the premodern traditional Chinese time system. This time system is referred to in the Chinese language as tian gan di zhi ji li 天干地支紀曆 which in turn can be abbreviated to gan zhi li 干支曆 . Gan zhi translates to English as ‘Heavenly Stems’ and ‘Terrestrial or Earthly Branches; while li 曆 translates into English as ‘calendar’ . But the English word ‘calendar’ (which comes from the word ‘calends’ and refers to the ”first day of the month in the ancient Roman calendar”) is defined as a “ chart or series of pages showing the days, weeks, and months of a particular year.” The English word ‘calendar’ unlike the Chinese word ‘li 曆 (which means ‘to pass through’) does not include the notion of ‘time ‘ which is the indefinite continued progress of existence and events in the past, present, and future regarded as a whole’. Gan zhi li 干支曆 is the title of the book Stems and Branches Temporal Calendar and The Forcasting of Events tian gan dizhi jili yu yu ze written by Weng Wen Bo Beijing: Shi YouGongye chubanshe, At the concluding part of the book, Weng Wen Bo said that “on the eve of the convening of the International Conference to Reform the Calendar, I am proposing that the ‘Stem and Branch Calendar’ 天干地支纪历法 be adopted as a complementary calendar and be included as part of the ‘New Calendar.” [p. 102].

12. Components of the ‘Chinese Stems & Branches Temporal Calendar
1. The Traditional Chinese Calendar for both Hemispheres of the globe 2. A Table of Stems and Branches Sequenced in an Ordinal Fashion of the Twelve Two-Hour time Periods shi chen And the Corresponding Acupoints Opening At a Particular Time in a Day /Night. 3. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the Local Time Zones in your I-phone Or Desktop Computer online calendar.

13. The Chinese Character li 曆 (Calendar) depicted as a “foot walking through the forest”
Figure 1: The Chinese character for the Chinese word li 曆 depicted as a “foot walking through the forest” both figuratively and through the medium of the oracle bone inscriptions. [Gu Jian Ping, Quwei zicidian {A dictionary of interesting Chinese characters], Singapore: EPB Publishers, 1996, ,p. 88.

14. What is Wenbing (Warm Factor Epidemics)?
What are ‘warm factor epidemics’ or wenbing 温病? It has been argued that wenbing are seen
by contemporary practitioners of Chinese medicine as a collective term for disorders that
Western biomedicine classifies as acute febrile diseases. These are primarily characterized by
high fever and by their infectious nature, as with typhoid and typhus. In premodern China
however, wenbing were seen as encompassing a range of illnesses from the common colds, to
high fevers and epidemic diseases, all of which were characterized by acute fevers and hot
sensations in the patient’s body. Chinese medical doctrine attributes these disorders to
pathogenic heat of varying quality from warm (wen 温) to hot (re 熱), which is characteristic of
the climate in spring and summer respectively (Hanson, 1998, p ).
In the long history of the evolution of the concept of wenbing in classical Chinese medicine, the
notion of ‘injury from cold’ or shang han and ‘warm factor disorders’ wenbing as well as the
distinctions between the two have always been blurry (Fang Yao Zhong & Xu Jia Song, 1986, p.2).
In 1956, however, this changed with the re-emergence of a ‘lost’ Chapter on wenbing from a
Chinese medical classic: Teatise on Febrile Diseases Caused by Cold Meteorolgical Influence (Qi)
and Miscellaneous Diseases Shagnhan zabing lun (Lai Pen-Jeu & Zou Gui Hai, 2009). Using this,
two Taiwanese Chinese medicine researchers, Lai Pen-Jeu and Zou Gui Hai, clarified the
difference between the two concepts. Below, is a summary of the distinctions they made
between shenghan and wenbing.
Tiquia, Rey. (2010) A Cultural and Linguistic Translation of Warm Factor Epidemics Wenbing as Seasonal Viral
Influenza Epidemics in Australia,  Revista de Humanidades Medicas & Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia y la
Tecnologia.  2:

15. What is Wenbing (Warm Factor Epidemics)?
‘Injury From Cold’ Shanghan and ‘Warm Factor Disorders’ Wenbing
1.Injury from Cold Meteorological Qi Injury from cold meteorological Qi
2. One develops symptoms of common Pre-clinical. Asymptomatic.’Cold meteorolo-
cold like runny nose, blocked nose, gical Qi incubates within the body.
sneezing, sore throat ,chills, cough
3. Use of materia medica like Ma huang The incubating cold meteorological Qi metamor-
(Herba Ephedrae) (4) to free the body phoses into a ‘very Cold Qi’ han du 寒毒
surface from exogenous cold meteoro-
logical pathogenic influence or use of When warm Spring season comes, the very cold
Gui zhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi) (4) to warm Yin Qi metamorphoses into yang-ish
the body surface ‘warm factor disorder’ and flares up with
symptoms of high fever, dry and sore throat.
4. Injury from cold is not contagious. .
5. Error in diagnosis and therapy leads to
deterioration of patient’s condition and
metamorphosis of warm factor disorder
into ‘warm factor epidemic’ and spread
of the ‘corpse Qi’ shi Qi 屍氣
The Treatise also differentiates between three types of warm factor disorders: 1] Spring warm factor disorders chun wen 2] autumn warm factor disorders qiu wen and 3] winter warm factor disorder dong wen which all come into being from the ‘incubating Qi’. During the summer season, seasonal diseases results from people being afflicted by the ‘summer heat’ bing shu. Hence, there are there are no warm factor disorders during this season (5,6).
[Tiquia, Rey. (2010) A Cultural and Linguistic Translation of Warm Factor Epidemics Wenbing as Seasonal Viral
Influenza Epidemics in Australia,  Revista de Humanidades Medicas & Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia y la
Tecnologia.  2: ]

16. Harmonising Sally’s Qi flow with Nature’s Temporal Order in the Southern Hemisphere (AEST) A Medical Case Study The Use of Chronoacupuncture in Treating Spring Season Warm Factor Disorder Chun wen in Melbourne, Australia
Name : Sally Gender: Female Age: 63 Years Old Occupation: Administrator Season/Date/Time: October 12, 2013; Series 49, Ren Zi Day 壬子日; 1:00 pm Series 44 Ding Wei Two-Hour Time period 丁未时. It is also Series 31 Jia Wu Nian Year 甲午年(Year of the Horse) Main complaint: Cough, not sleeping well, ‘raging’ Sore throat, dizziness and tiredness since August of this year. Saw Western biomedical doctors who diagnosed her condition as ‘real flu’ . She was prescribed three types of antiobiotics including Amoxyllin. Sally was also under enourmous amount of stress at work. Ocular inspection of throat using a tongue depressor revealed a reddish inflamed throat.Her tongue looked dark red or purple in colour Radial Pulse: right radial pulse is deep chen and weak while left one feels stronger . Diagnosis: Spring warm factor disorder (epidemic) chun wen which is seen as seasonal influenza in Western biomedicine. Therapeutic Approach Used: Cool down the heat/fever, put a stop to the cough by promoting /tonifying the ventilating functions of the lung qi Strengthening/tonifying Sally’s Anti-pathogenic qi yuan qi.

17. The Use of Chronoacupuncture Treating Chun Wen in Melbourne Australia
Having diagnosed Sally’s’s illness condition, I consulted my ‘Chinese Stem and Branch Temporal Calendar’ to determine the prescription of acupuncture points I can use in dealing with his condition. The time and date of Sally’s consultation and therapy was was 1:00 pm of October 12, According to th 2013 Australian Chinese Calendar, the Gregorian Calendar date October 12 , 2013 is equivalent to the Ren Zi day 壬子日 of the Australian Chinese Calendar. This date is on the 49th Series of the Sexagenary (60) Stem and Branch Day Cycle. After working out the sexagenary Stem and Branch Day Cycle, I then worked out the equivalent Stem and Branch Two-Hour Time period shi chen for the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) of 1:00 pm pm in the Eastern Standard Time Zone (AEST). To do this I turned to “Series 49 Ren Zi Day” page of the “Table of Stems and Branches Ordinal Sequence of the Twelve Two Hour time Periods shi chen and the Corresponding ints Opening At this time of the Day/Night” 日干支为序排列的时间开穴表. I found out the following chronoacupuncture points are ‘open’. The “Table of the OrdinalSequential Flow of the Stems and Branches of the Twelve Two Hour time Periods shi chen and the Corresponding Acupoints Opening At this time of the Day/Night” 日干支为序排列的时间开 穴表 is the second part of the ‘Chinese Stem and Branch Temporal Calendar’. It is a translation of a part of the original Chinese volume entitled Chronoacupuncture Massage (Ziweuliuzhu yangliao anmo ), 2004 and authored by Guo Chao Hui.

18. I found out the following chronoacupuncture points ‘open’.
The Use of Chronoacupuncture in Treating Chun Wen in Melbourne Australia
I found out the following chronoacupuncture points ‘open’.
Sacred Turtle acupoints. Sacred Turtle acupoints: Lu 7 列缺 ‘Broken Sequence’ and Ki 6 照海 ‘Shining Sea.’’
2. Ren –Du Extraordinary Vessels acupoint Du 26 水沟 ‘ Water Ditch’ .
I also used the Primary Channel acupoints St 36 ( burn’t half
an inch of moxa stick on the handle of the acupuncture needle
embedded on this acupoint), as welll as the acupoint 印堂 .
Heat was also radiated through the medium of a lit smokeless
moxa stick on all the acupoints used. The acupuncture needles
were left in situ for half an hour.
I scheduled Sally to come for her next consultation and
chronoacupuncture therapy on October 15, 2013 (Yi Mao day 乙卯日)
at 2:00pm (Gui Wei 癸未 Double-Hour Time Period) in the afternoon. In
this way, I can use again the above chronoacupuncture points.

19. Clinically Evaluating the Efficacy of the Chronoacupuncture treatment
The patient came for the next consultation and therapy October 15, 2013, Yi Mao day 乙卯日, at
2:00pm (Gui Wei 癸未 Double-Hour Time Period) in the afternoon. To verify the efficacy of the
treatment modalities administered, I used the Four Examination Techniques of wang wen wen qie as a
clinical evaluation template, observing wang, listening/smelling wen, inquiring wen and
palpating qie. The Four Examination Techniques (Si zhen) underwent a type of transformation into the
Four Evaluation Techniques (Si ping) i.e. to observe, palpate, listen/smell and interrogate clinical
symptoms to evaluate the efficacy of the administered therapy. The data is then verified and compared
with data recorded in the clinical case record during the previous visit. Using the Four Examination
Techniques, the clinical pattern is ‘revisited’ to evaluate whether the therapy achieved the aim of
bringing about balance or harmony in the patient’s physiological condition.
First of all, I observed that when the patient walked into my clinic Sally looked in a much better spirits
And no trace of discomfort on her face. Upon inquiry, Sally said that her coughing subsided and as a
result had 3 nights of good sleep. I also did not hear Sally cough. Upon ocular inspection with the aid of pen light and tongue
depressor, Sally’s throat is not as red as before. I felt her pulse and sensed that the left radial pulse is
not as weak and deep.