1. In today’s lesson:
Understand the key characteristics of aid and insurance (risk spreading) and land-use zoning (planning).
Give examples of where these strategies have been used as a response to the risk of our named hazard events (before, during and after they occurred).

2. Insurance Define insurance.
What factors might affect the policy premium?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of insurance as a measure to reduce vulnerability?
Was insurance used as a measure to reduce the impact of any of your named case studies?

3. Sharing the cost – Insurance

4. Insurance Links

5. Aid Define aid. Give examples of aid BEFORE a disaster.
Give examples of aid DURING a disaster.
Give examples of aid AFTER a disaster.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of aid as a measure to reduce hazard vulnerability?

6. Aid Links

7. Hazard Mapping / Land Zoning
Hazard maps are created by calculating the vulnerability of different areas to natural hazards. Hazard maps are often made to calculate a population’s vulnerability to hazards like earthquakes, hurricanes, volcanoes and floods. Once potential hazards are known then appropriate adjustments can be taken.
Creating zones where building is not permitted because it is too dangerous.
Creating zones where only low value uses are permitted e.g. farming.
Protecting areas that are vulnerable to hazards with the use of defences.
Evacuating vulnerable areas (and possibly allowing managed retreat in coastal areas).
Rebuilding vulnerable areas to new building standards.
WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THIS STRATEGY?

8. Hazard Mapping Links

10. Suggest reasons for the differences in outcomes for the different earthquakes.

11. What can be done before the event?
Building design
Home preparedness
Defences
Prediction and forecasting
Evacuation (routes and drills)
Rescue teams