1.
Nebular hypothesis
Stephen Hawking's
We are star stuff Neil DeGrasse Tyson

2. Nebular Hypothesis (pg. 10))

6. How the Earth was Made video vocabulary:
Biosphere:
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere gases:
Geosphere
Evolution
Erosion
Weathering:
Greenhouse effect
Extinction
Algae;
Mid-Atlantic Ridge:
Pillow lava
Pangaea
Mantle plume
Fossils
Shale
Photosynthesis;
Coal:
Striations:

8. Has been on earth for 3.8 billion yrs
It took 1000’s of year to happen
MILLIONS of
4.6 billion
3.8 billion
3.8 billion
water
Has been on earth for 3.8 billion yrs
METEORS! 90
CARBON DIOXIDE
Green (iron)
RED
HOT!! >200°F greenhouse effect
Oldest rock
3.8 billion
lighter
GRANITE
basalt
Bacteria, algae
OXYGEN!!!
Plants change Sunlight and CO2 to produce oxygen
Iron left the oceans and oxygen filled air
Oceans and sky
Out of the ocean when iron + O2 produced RUST
Didn’t move
On different contitnets
Drifting slowly over a long time

9. 1.5 bya
- Arizona, Grand Canyon, red rock contains iron -
The iron came from….
Plate Tectonics
- Continents were fixed?
-trilobites found where?
-WW II submarines found: -Iceland is moving how?
Alfred Wegener said the continents were…
1.1 bya
- Rodinia
700 mya
“The Big Freeze”
- snowball earth was caused by…
-temps were -40°, ice mile thick
Life on Earth:
630 mya
- greenhouse effect caused….
- atmosphere changed…
- Canada’s Burgess shale quarry
- temps changed…
- atmosphere changed
the Cambrian explosion
500 mya
Ozone!
- Life exploded on in the oceans
- life evolved onto land
- oxygen levels were
-ozone allowed for…
400 mya
- Coal was
swamps produce….
300 mya
Carboniferous
- coal!
- insects were…
250 mya
- Siberian mantle plume lasted….
- lava covered….
The atmosphere was…
Life on land was…

10. 240 mya
Dinosaurs!
- Pangaea formed dinosaurs grew SO large due to…
-Dinosaur planet
The atmosphere had high levels of…
Temperatures were….
180 mya
-Pangaea split
- due to overactive volcanism,
the atmosphere was rich in…
100 mya
Diamonds!
- DeBeers diamond mines
- S. African mines are _____________ deep
So volcanic activity was… ya
Extinction!
-‘tombstone’ layer of iridium
-meteor crater
layer of iridium is evidence of…
life on the planet was…
50 mya
- the Alps are made of:
- erosion caused by wind, water, ice and uplift have…
So the continents must have…
Eroded the Grand Canyon ___________ miles
deep
2 mya
Ice Ages!
-striations (scratches) in rock in N.Y, Central Park evidence…
- glaciers covered…
10,000 years ago
- the Great Lakes formed from… -
- next ice age?
-human civilization formed
200 mya future
Pangaea-Ultima
2 billion years in the future??
- Earth will be a dead planet when…

11. Mass Extinctions, Climate Changes, Evolution of the Atmosphere
Geologic Evolution, Biologic Evolution of Life, Evolution of the Hydrosphere
Geologic Time Scale Earth’s Energy, Chemical Composition
Make a white board/Power Point/Poster to present
Answers to the research questions on paper or typed
Use (a lot of) evidence from the movie and your research.
Use the vocabulary words from the video.
Focus on the connections between the spheres (hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosophere, biosphere) that acted as a system as Earth formed.
Resources: ESS text book
Chapters (geologic time)
Chapter (geological changes)
Chapter (atmosphere evolution)
Chapter (climate changes)
Chapters 29,30 (biological life)
Chapters 4,5 (Earth’s chemical composition)

12. James Hutton; Rock strata layers, tilted and uplifted

13. Geosphere
BASALT

14. Where did all this water come from?
How did we end up being the “blue planet”?

15. Hydrosphere All the water Lakes, rivers Oceans Glaciers (ice caps)
Aquifers (groundwater)
Atmosphere (clouds humidity)
Rank them from the MOST to the LEAST amount on earth.

16. Scientists believe that all the water in the earths hydrosphere 1
Scientists believe that all the water in the earths hydrosphere 1. arrived here in icy meteorites over millions of years of bombardment 2. erupted out of early volcanoes.

17. Earth Atmosphere Gaseous envelope around earth Layered
(page 366)
Gaseous envelope around earth
Layered
Mixture of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (20%)
About 10 miles (16 km) thick
Purpose: 1. Protects us from Sun’s radiation
2. Regulates heat energy – weather
3. Breathing (oxygen)

18. Compare other Planets Venus’ Atmosphere Thick, red, CO2
HOT, greenhouse effect

19. Biosphere All living things on the planet.
The other 3 spheres made biosphere possible!
Examples:
everything from tiny ocean plankton
to giant redwoods to humans.
Humans are changing the other
3 spheres!

20. stromatalites
trilobites

21. Ozone

22. Split-up of Pangaea and Diamond mines