1. Renaissance
Unit 2

2. Names and Terms to Know (A) page 46
Copernicus was a Polish Astronomer who proposed that the Earth moved around the sun, rather than the other way around.
Henry VIII, the second Tudor King
An armada is a fleet of ships; the Spanish armada tried to invade England but failed.
Elizabeth I was the daughter of King Henry VIII and possibly England’s greatest monarch.
James I was the first Stuart king; he succeeded the childless Elizabeth.
Martin Luther was a German theologian who began the Protestant Reformation.

3. Names and Terms to Know (B) page 46
The Italian Renaissance was a rebirth of culture and renewed interest in the classics. During the English Renaissance, England grew more powerful as a nation and absorbed and reworked new European ideas.
The Protestant Reformation created conflict in Europe and did so in England society. Protestants and Catholics fought each other and various monarchs represented either side. England first became Protestant when King Henry VIII, who was refused permission to annul his marriage to his first wife, broke away from the Catholic Church.
During Elizabeth’s reign, England asserted itself as a military power against Spain. The nation prospered and was culturally enriched by the influence of the European Renaissance. English literature blossomed, particularly in the areas of poetry and drama.

4. Essential Question 1: What is the relationship between place and literature? Page 47
A Real Place as Launching Pad for the Imagination
Elizabethans came to the theater to be amused, uplifted, instructed.
William Shakespeare wrote his play Macbeth in order to gain favor with James I, who was Scottish and was fascinated with witchcraft.
2. Drama and the Expansion of London
Actors and plays were officially regarded as disreputable.
Writers came to London to enjoy the stimulating life of a bubbling artistic community.
3. Pastoral Dreams
They celebrated the beauties of the simple, natural life.
English poets wrote pastorals in order to escape the stresses of city life.
Sir Walter Raleigh’s “Come Live with Me, and Be My Love”

5. Essential Question 1: What is the relationship between place and literature? page 47
4. Change in the Meaning of “England”
the defeat of the Spanish Armada and the colonization of the New World
By the early 1600s, English writing was being read by people all over the known world

6. Essential Question 2: How does literature shape or reflect society
Essential Question 2: How does literature shape or reflect society? page 48
Belief as an Issue
During this time the religious affiliation of England changed 4 times.
Catholic and Protestant rulers determined the current national religion, and those who supported the monarch were those who practiced his or her religion.
Moore opposed King Henry’s institution of a separate Church of England.
Mary was a Catholic and tried to restore Catholicism as the national religion by persecuting Protestants.

7. Essential Question 2: How does literature shape or reflect society
Essential Question 2: How does literature shape or reflect society? page 48
2. Writers’ Response to Problems of Belief
The “King James Bible” was intended to provide a single scripture for the Church of England.
There was controversy about the shape of the earth and its relationship to the rest of the universe.
How to separate illusion from reality
Columbus brought Europe to the New World; Luther enabled people to find an alternative to Catholicism. Galileo and Copernicus showed that people’s beliefs about the universe were no longer correct.

8. Essential Question 3: What is the relationship of the writer to tradition? page 49
Rediscovering the Classics
Both the Renaissance and the Reformation involved going back to earlier writings and translating them for new uses.
The Greeks and Romans were pagans.
Humanism, based on the values of classical writer, presents a human-centered view of life.

9. Essential Question 3: What is the relationship of the writer to tradition? Page 49
2. Something Old Becoming Something New
Homer’s Iliad, Plutarch’s Lives, Virgil’s Aeneid
Blank verse is unrhymed iambic pentameter-10 syllables per line, with alternating stresses. It was highly developed by Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare.
Elizabethan drama has its origins in the medieval morality plays.
English variations of the sonnet were created by Sidney and Spenser.

10. Essential Question 3: What is the relationship of the writer to tradition? Page 49
3. Religion and Literary Tradition
Version of the Bible
A committee of scholars reviewed numerous texts in different languages, including Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, in order to produce a new translation.