1. 3. Moves to consumers: animals
Bio: Life Geo: Rocks
Chemicals Cycle: move throughout
Matter cycles in a closed system so you take the sun out of the equation and focus on the cycling between matter. (2-3)
Producers get energy from (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere)
Consumers get their energy from producers, atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere then it cycles by through.
CLOSED SYSTEM
1. Energy comes in by the sun.
2. Moves to Producers (plants)
4. Lost as Heat
3. Moves to consumers: animals

2. Law of Conservation of Matter
Matter cycles!
Earth is CLOSED system
There is NO AWAY!!!
Nature recycled everything,
until humans came along….

4. What 6 elements comprise the majority of all organisms?

5. So where do these gases come from?
Miller-Urey Experiment
Cyanobacteria fossil (oldest fossil) dates back to 3.5 billion years ago found in Australia.

6. CARBON
Biotic Plants and phytoplankton (photosynthesis and in the ocean) Animals (eating plants) Abiotic Carbon is released in cellular respiration (ATP using energy and Breathing) Fossil fuels (oil- extraction, combustion-burning, decomposing)

7. Carbon Sinks
When the environment absorbs more carbon then it releases. (An example towel and hot water.)
Trees – Take in carbon and hold it in until it dies.
Ocean- largest sink…they take in the most CO2, but there is an issue.
Watch

8. The Hydrologic Cycle How does water move through the environment?
Biotic Movement
Plants: roots
Consumers: Drinking water
Abiotic Movement:
Evaporation- Liquid to gas
Condensation (gas)
Precipitation- gas to liquid
Evapotranspiration (evaporation while it transpires through a plant—Sweat --- liquid to gas state)
Runoff

9. Crash Course: Carbon and Water Cycle

10. Nitrogen Cycle Atmosphere gas (78%)
To get Nitrogen out of the atmosphere we need to FIX it. (Also happens through lighting)
Step 1: Nitrogen fixation. The bacteria converts the nitrogen in the air to useable ammonia (NH3). We also put ammonia on our fields as fertilizer.

11. Nitrogen Cycle
Step 2- Different bacteria (Nitrifying Bacteria) take in the Ammonia (NH3) and convert it to nitrites (N02) and then nitrates (NO3).
Nitrogen fixation can also occur by lighting.
Step 3- Plants take in the NITRATES (N03) through their roots. This is called assimilation and we get the nitrogen by eating the plants.
Video at 2:56
T8BRGtk

12. Nitrogen Cycle
Step 4: Nitrogen goes back into the atmosphere through decay (fungus).
Decomposers- an organism, especially a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material.
When animals poop or die they release nitrogen in their waste or bodies.
Decay of matter releases ammonia (NH3). The bacteria comes in and converts the ammonia (NH3) to Nitrates (NO3). Remember plants live NO3---NITRATES so they eat some of it.
The rest of the NO3 (Nitrates) is converted back into atmosphere nitrogen by DENITRIFYING bacteria.
RGtk Video 5:02

14. Algal Bloom in Florida

15. Algal Blooms Lead to Eutrophication

16. Nitrogen Cycle So how does it get back into the atmosphere?
Denitrification: performed by anaerobic bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen oxide in soil.

19. Nitrogen Cycle Cartoon

20. Phosphorus Cycle

21. Phosphorus Cycle
Only cycle that doesn’t use air to cycle through it’s system. Found in lithosphere. Erosion (runoff) causes the phosphates to dissolve into the water. Plants take in the water and we eat the plants! When we die we give the phosphate back 
Fertilizer and assimilation also adds phosphates!

22. Crash Course Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycle

23. Sulfur Cycle
Move from ocean to the atmosphere through bacteria (dimethyl sulfide).
Volcanoes produce sulfur dioxide into the air
Factories produce sulfur dioxide into the air
Comes back to earth when it rains as sulfuric acid.
Then we take it in (plants and animals). When we die it is added back into the ground and into the water and used as fossil fuels.

24. Sulfur Cycle