1. Urban Future 3 DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION WITH CITIES from 1970s to 2020s
Ideal city, Urbino Galleria, Italy
Urban Future 3
DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION WITH CITIES
from 1970s to 2020s
Lecture series Nov – Dec 2016
Paula Pennanen-Rebeiro-Hargrave, PhD in Urban Geography
Photo: UN-Habitat Bangladesh

2. 2 Sustainable Development Goals

3. 11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible & sustainable transport systems for all
11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries
11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage
11.5 By 2030,…reduce the number of deaths and the people affected and the direct economic losses relative to global GDP caused by disasters
11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities… (especially air quality and waste management)
11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces
11.a Support positive economic, social and environmental [urban-rural] links … by strengthening national & regional dev. planning
11.b By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters,… and holistic disaster risk management…
11.c Support LDCs, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials
1.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums

4. SDGs
Habitat III
2015 was a ground-breaking year for enabling cities to take stronger role in global development challenges…
The SDG final document calls for governments “to work closely on implementation with regional and local authorities”. This “indicates the great success of local authorities in showing their impact and role in the development process” (Aliye Celik, the UN rep of United Cities & Local Govt)
…”The focus should now shift to integrating this agenda into national planning frameworks and developing multi-stakeholder implementation partnerships”…. (Raf Tuts, Director of Urban Planning & Design, UN-Habitat)
The UN General Assembly invited the UN Member States to facilitate participatory processes and wide stakeholder participation, including local authorities and their associations, when developing, revising and implementing national urban policies, where appropriate, as a means for the preparation of the Habitat III

5. Re-examine the implementation of the Habitat Agenda II and identify specific constraints
Develop a shared perspective on sustainable cities
Agree on the role that sustainable urbanisation can play to support sustainable development
Tackle the range of new challenges and opportunities since Habitat II
Revise and strengthen UN-Habitat’s mandate to ensure meeting targets within 20 years
The Habitat III conference was seen as an opportunity to:

6. -The value of new Agenda?
Established the New Urban Agenda of 193 countries for the next 20 years
GA resolution 66/207 (2011),… “to convene a third United Nations conference on housing and sustainable urban development (Habitat III) to reinvigorate the global commitment to sustainable urbanization that should focus on the implementation of a new urban agenda in 2016, in line with the bi-decennial cycle”.
-The value of new Agenda? 6

7. The process
The process towards the New Urban Agenda included knowledge creation and capturing of key common issues by tasking global expert groups to compile 22 issue papers on six thematic areas during July 2015
Based on the issue papers, a group of 200 invited experts came up with 10 “policy units”, outlining core recommendations for drafting and implementing the New Urban Agenda, from August to December 2015
In PrepComms: first smooth, then in July halted on the implementation and institutional issues. Additional, closed PrepComm Sep 2016, 38 hrs non-stop negotiations
The 22 “issue papers” were submitted 31 May 2015 by a range of multilateral institutions, including many of the United Nations’ specialized agencies, the World Bank and others. The collaboratively written research documents made up the key technical backbone of the New Urban Agenda.

8. Preparation process of the Agenda
UN member states – delegates of nations (sector ministries) with their national partners and, usually, city leaders
Invited partners: Global Taskforce etc.
General Assembly of Partners (GAP), the main vehicle for civil society to organize and advocate during the Hab III process
3 Preparatory Committee meetings –
New York, Nairobi, Surabaya
Chairs: María Duarte, Ecuador, Maryse Gautier, France. Members: Chad, Chile, Czech Republic, Germany, Indonesia, Senegal, Slovakia, UAE
4th additional, closed PrepComm NY Sep 2016 to unblock the process
 38 hrs of non-stop negotiations on issues of institutions controlling the implementation & monitoring!

9. Urban Agenda - status 2016 PARALLEL SUPPORTING FRAMEWORKS:
SDGs
Addis Ababa on financing development
UNFCCC’s Paris Climate Agreement
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
Istanbul Action for LDCs
Istanbul Humanitarian summit (
…+ many more
PROGRESS of Agenda II:
Improved quality of life for millions in cities and slums (MDG 7)
KEY PROBLEMS:
Persisting urban poverty
Growing inequality/ socio-economic exclusion, spatial segregation in cities
Worsening quality of urban environments

10. Vision of the Agenda GLOBAL POSITION:
VISION OF CITIES 2030:
social & ecological function of land: adequate housing and public services
Participatory, access to public space, freedom of cultural & political expressions
Full gender equality
Inclusive, sustainable economic growth
Focus on territorial balance, across admin boundaries
Planning & investment in sustainable, accessible mobility for all modes of transport
Disaster risk reduction & management
Protect & restore ecosystem
GLOBAL POSITION:
Firmly intended within SDGs, embedded in universal human rights (“Right to the city”) and implementation of sustainable consumption & production
Note on culture, diversity in cities, enriching humankind

11. Agreed principles
Leaving no one behind, ending poverty in all forms: food, health, culture, education, rights, safety)
Sustainable, inclusive urban economics: well-planned urbanisation end land speculation, decent work creation and productive employment
Environmental sustainability: clean energy, transportation, land and natural resources, ecosystem services, biodiversity, urban resilience, risks, climate
Photo: Somaliupdate.com

12. Urban paradigm shift?
Commitment of partners to implement a paradigm shift:
The way cities are planned, financed, developed, governed and managed
Centrality of local government & civic participation, accountability, centrality of national urban policies & legislation
People-centred integrated urban & territorial dev implemented: planning, governance & financing
Call for Action:
Many ‘special groups’:
Poorest, marginalised, most vulnerable countries
All minorities and the vulnerable

13. The Quito Implementation Plan…
The Quito Implementing Plan means:
Urban Rules and Regulations. Quality of an urban settlement is dependent on the set of rules and regulations and their implementation.
Urban Planning and Design. Adequate provision of common goods, e.g. streets and open spaces, and efficient pattern of buildable plots.
Municipal Finance. Local fiscal systems must redistribute parts of the urban value generated.
… with the consideration of National Urban Policies which establish a connection between the dynamics of urbanization and the overall process of national development.

14. A. Transformative commitments
Commitments to indivisible social, economic & environmental development
Social inclusion and ending poverty: urban-rural connection
Inclusive economic growth
Environmental and resilient development

15. B. Effective implementation
Through enabling policy framework, participatory planning, coordination of global agencies, improving the UN, harmonise intl. trade & finance agreements
Specific means:
a) Urban governance
b) Spatial development planning & management
c) Means of implementation: science, technology, innovation, knowledge sharing, capacity dv, mobilising finance, commitment, global cooperation & partnerships + specific means…
d) Follow-up & review every 4 years to the UN SG: focus on local governments’ activity with partners at all levels; confirmed but re-assesses the role of UN-Habitat as the lead actor, a mid-term review in 2026.

16. How to read the Agenda? Principle 100:
“We will support the provision of well-designed networks of safe, inclusive for all inhabitants, accessible, green, and quality public spaces and streets, free from crime and violence, including sexual harassment and gender-based violence, considering the human scale and measures that allow for the best possible commercial use of street-level floors, fostering local markets and commerce, both formal and informal, as well as not-for-profit community initiatives, bringing people into the public spaces, promoting walkability and cycling towards improving health and well-being.”