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Timeline of the Cold War Years: 1945 through 1991/1992

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Presentation on theme: "Timeline of the Cold War Years: 1945 through 1991/1992"— Presentation transcript:

1 Timeline of the Cold War Years: 1945 through 1991/1992
IMPORTANT- Using this presentation: In slideshow view, use your keyboard’s Enter key to go forward and the Backspace button to back up. The Back link on each page returns you to the Important Years list (NOT to your previous page). HIT the ENTER KEY to BEGIN THE PRESENTATION

2 Important Years Note: When you click the Back link at the top of a page, it returns you to this page (not to the previous slide) 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1952 1953 1955 1956 1957 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1979 1980 1981 1982

3 1945 Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin meet at Yalta
Back Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin meet at Yalta End of World War II in Europe Signing of the Charter UN in San Francisco Stalin, Churchill/Atlee and Truman meet in Potsdam A-bomb dropped on Japan Surrender of Japan

4 1946 Back Churchill's March 5, 1946, “Sinews of Peace” speech using the phase: Iron Curtain, including: We welcome Russia to her rightful place among the leading nations of the world. We welcome her flag upon the seas. Above all, we welcome constant, frequent and growing contacts between the Russian people and our own people on both sides of the Atlantic. It is my duty however, for I am sure you would wish me to state the facts as I see them to you, to place before you certain facts about the present position in Europe. From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in many cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow.

5 1947 Paris peace talks Announcement of Truman's doctrine
Back Paris peace talks Announcement of Truman's doctrine Start of the supporting Marshall's plan Founding of Informbiro (Information Bureau) in Yugoslavia

6 1948 Back June -beginning of the Berlin blockade and the forming of the air bridge Truman re-elected president

7 1949 Founding of the CMEA (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance)
Back Founding of the CMEA (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) North Atlantic Alliance entered by 11 states. May - End of the Berlin blockade Forming of West Germany First atomic bomb test in the USSR Forming of East Germany

8 1952 Fortification of the inter-German border
Back Fortification of the inter-German border First British atomic bomb test First US hydrogen bomb test Eisenhower elected president

9 1953 Stalin dies Labor workers stand up in East Berlin
Back Stalin dies Labor workers stand up in East Berlin End of the Korean War Khrushchev becomes the Chairman of the Communist Party

10 1955 Back West Germany enters NATO Forming of the Warsaw Pact

11 1956 The 20th summit of the CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union)
Back The 20th summit of the CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union) February 25, Khrushchev's allegations about Stalin's reign Informbiro dissolved (Yugoslavia) Hungarian stand up starts British-French offense in Suez Soviet army enters Budapest Eisenhower re-elected president

12 1957 Gromyko named Minister of Foreign Affairs of USSR
Back Gromyko named Minister of Foreign Affairs of USSR USSR announced the launch of Sputnik 1

13 1959 Castro becomes prime minister of Cuba Khrushchev visits the US
Back Castro becomes prime minister of Cuba Khrushchev visits the US

14 1960 French atomic bomb test US U-2 plane shot down over the USSR
Back French atomic bomb test US U-2 plane shot down over the USSR Four super powers meeting in Paris August Soviet technicians called off China Kennedy wins presidential election

15 1961 Back The flight of Yuri Gagarin – first person in space and first person to orbit the earth Sealing of the East German border in Berlin Building of the Berlin Wall

16 1962 Back Cuban Missile Crisis

17 1963 USA and USSR established a "hotline" connection
Back USA and USSR established a "hotline" connection Kennedy visits Berlin USA and USSR sign nuclear testing ban treaty Kennedy assassinated, becomes US President

18 1964 Back Brezhnev replaces Khrushchev as chairman of CPSU Chinese atomic bomb test Johnson wins presidential election

19 1965 Back US support of the South Vietnamese escalates into direct conflict with (North Vietnamese/North Vietnamese supported) Viet Cong when the Viet Cong attacked US airbase at Bien Hoa and the US responded in Operation Rolling Thunder

20 1966 Back France quits NATO command

21 1967 USA, USSR and UK sign aerial nuclear test ban treaty
Back USA, USSR and UK sign aerial nuclear test ban treaty 6 day war (1967 Arab-Israeli War)

22 1968 Back Viet Cong starts Tet offensive (3-day Viet Cong-South Vietnamese conflict USA, USSR and UK sign nuclear arms proliferation treaty Warsaw pact armies enter CSSR Nixon elected for president

23 1969 Back French weapons sales to Israel banned
Four-party conference about Vietnam in Paris Nixon enters White House Soviet-Jordan treaty about technical and economical cooperation Gromyko accuses USA of violating Laos' inner affairs Nationalist offensive in South Vietnam Nixon starts his journey across Western Europe USSR proposes a new definition of armed aggression in the UN Soviet-Chinese conflict (Chinese assault on the Ussuri river) Member states of the Warsaw pact proposed a conference about European security Heavy US bombardment in Cambodia Pakistani president M.Ajub Khan resigns after civil disorders. The government was appointed by Jahra Khan. Lin Piao successes Mao Tse-tung The Soviets re-established conference with China from 1964 Referendum held in France, de Gaulle steps down Soviet-French agreement about economical and trade cooperation for years

24 1969 continued Back Soviet-British long-term business agreement for years International meeting of 75 communist and workmen's parties in Moscow Soviet government accepted the temporary government of South Vietnam G.Pompidou elected new French president First secret meeting of H.Kissinger and Xuan Thuy of North Vietnam Government overthrown in Lybia, lead taken by colonel Qaddafi North Vietnamese president Ho Chi Min dies USSR ministers' chairman A.Kosygin in Beijing USSR proposes a meeting about strengthening international security at the UN General Assembly Moratorium in the US - demonstration against Vietnam War China and USSR start negotiations in Beijing W. Brandt becomes West German chancellor Conference between ministers of foreign affairs about preparations of the European conference in Paris November 15, 1969 Largest anti-Viet Nam War demonstration in the USA (DC) First round of the SALT negotiations between USA and USSR in Helsinki SALT ratified by both parties Negotiations between West Germany and USSR about the act of no use of military power. (first round was held on ) The Nuclear Arms Proliferation Treaty became valid. Ratification documents held in Moscow, Washington and London. Lon Nol's overthrow in Cambodia. Sinahuk creates an exile government in Beijing.

25 1970 Back Prime minister of East Germany, W.Stroph meets Bundeskanzler W.Brandt in Erfurt US and Saigon troops intervention in Cambodia Soviet declaration of US intervention in Cambodia Four Ohio University students killed at Kent State University during a demonstration against the intervention in Cambodia USSR and CSSR sign bilateral support treaty East German prime minister W.Stoph visits West German Kassel. USSR agrees to continue support Vietnam Návrat brit. konzervatívcov k moci - E.Heath becomes prime minister W.Brandt signed treaty about cooperation between Moscow and West Germany Jordanian war Egyptian president Gamál Abd an-Násír dies. Anvar Sadat named new president Soviet protest against US and Turkey violations of Soviet airspace. People's (communistic) party wins Chilean election Salvador Allende elected president in Chile General Charles de Gaulle dies Soviet government opposes Portuguese aggression in Guinea December Elections in Pakistan - won by Awami League, demanding autonomy for East Pakistan W.Brandt signs cooperation treaty between Poland and West Germany

26 1971 US ping-pong team arrives in China
Back US ping-pong team arrives in China China entered UNO, Taiwan expelled

27 1972 Nixon starts his visit to China
Back Nixon starts his visit to China USA and USSR sign biological weapons ban treaty Nixon starts his visit to Moscow USA and USSR sign SALT 1 Nixon re-elected for president West and East Germany sign Basic mutual relations treaty

28 1973 US Senate stops Cambodia bombing funding
Back US Senate stops Cambodia bombing funding Vietnamese peace treaty signed in Paris becomes valid. March 29, 1973 – Final US troops withdraw from Vietnam October - Arab-Israeli October war Oil producers in Persian Gulf double the oil price

29 1974 Nixon resigns, he is replaced by Ford
Back Nixon resigns, he is replaced by Ford Ford and Brezhnev agree about the layout of the strategic arms control treaty (SALT 2)

30 1975 End of the Vietnamese war Joint US Russian Soyuz-Apollo flight
Back End of the Vietnamese war Joint US Russian Soyuz-Apollo flight Helsinki Accord signed – goal was to strengthen European states rights and boundaries (lessening Cold War tensions) November - Angolan civil war begins (lasts until 2002)

31 1976 Back Carter wins election

32 1977 Back October USSR starts SS-20 rocket deployment

33 1978 Back Former Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro kidnapped and murdered by the Red Brigades as part of its "civil war for the construction of a Communist state." Afghanistan conflict between Communist government and anti-Communist Muslim guerrillas begins

34 1979 USA and China begin to establish diplomatic bonds.
Back USA and China begin to establish diplomatic bonds. Carter and Brezhnev sign SALT 2 Soviet troops enter Afghanistan

35 1980 USA stop wheat sales to the USSR
Back USA stop wheat sales to the USSR July US led boycott (supported in part by other Western nations and China) of the Moscow Olympic Games. The boycott was in protest of Soviet invasion of Afghanistan Start of the Iran-Iraq war Reagan elected president

36 1981 Martial law declared in Poland
Back Martial law declared in Poland USA lays economic sanctions on USSR and Poland

37 1982 Back Brezhnev freezes the deployment of the SS-20 rockets west of the Ural Mounntains Brezhnev dies and is replaced by Andropov

38 1983 Reagan declares the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
Back Reagan declares the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) Martial law canceled in Poland

39 1984 NATO and Warsaw Pact arms limitation talks start
Back NATO and Warsaw Pact arms limitation talks start Andropov dies and is replaced by Cherenkov August - Most USSR and most East European countries boycott Los Angeles Olympic Games (citing security reasons or a counter to US boycott of 1980 games)

40 1985 Reagan requests military budget triple to support SDI
Back Reagan requests military budget triple to support SDI Cherenkov dies Gorbachev named Chairman of Central Committee of the CPSU Gorbachev declares definitive stop of missile deployment in Europe Shevardnadze replaces Gromyko as Minister of Foreign Affairs First meeting of Gorbachev and Reagan in Geneva

41 1986 Back Gorbachev and Reagan meet in Reykjavik

42 1987 Gorbachev outlines several reforms to Soviet economy
Back Gorbachev outlines several reforms to Soviet economy Gorbachev and Reagan meet in Washington, middle-range missiles ban treaty signed

43 1988 Back Warsaw pact demands a three-step decrease of conventional weapon units in Europe Iran-Iraq war ends George Herbert Walker Bush (Senior) wins election

44 1989 Cuban troops start to leave Angola
Back Cuban troops start to leave Angola Full retreat of Soviet forces from Afghanistan Solidarity (anti-Communist) wins semi-free elections in Poland Hungary allows East Germans to enter Austria through their border Start of pro-democratic changes in East Germany Hungarian socialistic labor party proclaims self-dismissal East Germany opens West German border Bush and Gorbachev meet off the Malta coast Noncommunist government seizes power in Czechoslovakia Ceausescu's government overthrown in Rumania

45 1990 Mandela released from prison Free elections in East Germany
Back Mandela released from prison Free elections in East Germany Namibia becomes independent Iraq invades Kuwait; Persian Gulf War begins Reunification of Germany Force limitation treaty signed by Warsaw pact and NATO in Paris on a OECD meeting

46 1991 February - Persian Gulf War ends
Back February - Persian Gulf War ends June Slovenian and Croatian war starts Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA dissolved) Warsaw Pact (the military alliance between the Soviet Union and its eastern European satellites) ends, March 31, 1991 Bush and Gorbachev sign START 1 Hard-line Communists try to overthrow the government in USSR Soviet President Gorbachov stops activity of Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) USSR dissolution, Commonwealth of Independent States created Gorbachev resigns his post of President of Soviet Union, formal dissolution of USSR Yeltsin has the CPSU formally banned within Russia

47 1992 Back US President Reagan awards Mikhail Gorbachev, USSR, first Ronald Reagan Freedom Award, May 4, 1992

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