1. Let’s Learn About… Heat Energy

2. Part 1 – Sources of Heat

3. Where does heat come from?
Some heat comes from friction.
Heat is made when two things _____ together.
rub
Heat makes the molecules move faster!

4. What’s another way to make heat?
Heat comes from chemical reactions.
Burning is a chemical reaction.
I feel the heat that’s moving through the air!

5. Did you know that electricity makes heat?
Static electricity (like lightning) makes heat.
Current electricity makes heat too.
All electrical appliances produce some amount of heat (even a refrigerator produces heat).
Yikes!
Time to take shelter.

6. When water reaches 100° Celsius, it boils.
Did you know that Earth’s interior makes heat too. (It’s called geothermal heat.)
Lava from volcanoes and magma from inside the earth produce heat.
Geysers form from boiling water heated by the Earth’s interior.
Hot springs are caused by the magma near the earth’s surface too.
When water reaches 100° Celsius, it boils.
Volcano

7. What gives Earth the most heat?
The sun is our main source of heat.
It would take the people on Earth about 500,000 years to use up all the energy that the sun can produce in one second!
The sun’s light gives energy for plants to grow too.

8. Can you feel heat made by friction?
Rub your hands together. The faster you rub them, the more heat you feel.
Take a balloon or rubber band. Stretch it quickly. Hold it against your lips or your forehead.
Did it feel warm? That’s because you created friction which produced heat!

9. Part 2 – Measuring Heat

10. Heat is measured by thermometers.
Thermometers tell us the amount of heat an objects has.
If you’re feeling well, your temperature is about 37° Celsius (98.6 ° Fahrenheit).
Water boils at 100 °C (212 °F).
Water freezes at 0 °C (32 °F).

11. Part 3 – How does heat move?

12. 1. Heat moves by conduction.
Conduction is the way heat moves through solids (particles are in contact with each other).
Heat moves up the metal handle.
hot
cool
warm

13. 2. Heat moves by convection.
Heat moves through the movement of molecules in liquids or gases.
It travels in currents called convection currents.
Warm air and warm water rises.
Cool air and cool water sinks.
Warm water rises.
Cooler water sinks.
Cool air sinks.
Warm air rises.

14. 3. Heat moves by radiation.
Radiation is heat moving through empty space.
Radiation from the sun heats the earth.
Sunburn is caused by radiation.
A microwave oven uses radiation to heat food.
When you feel the warmth of a fire, you’re body is being heated by radiation.

15. Heat always moves from…
A __________place to a _________place.
warmer
cooler
Warm air from the inside moves outside.

16. How is our air heated? earth air
Sunlight warms the air by hitting the surface of the __________. The warmth from the ground rises and heats the _______.
earth
air
Birds sometimes use warm air currents called thermals to move higher.
Heat from the sun goes right through the air and heats the land.
Warmth from the land rises and the air is heated.

17. Do you want to feel heat move?
Touch your finger to metal on your desk, a chair leg, or table leg.
Does the metal feel cold?
The metal is really the same temperature as the room, but it feels cold to our skin because heat is moving from your warm skin to the cooler metal!
It feels cold!

18. Part 4 – Conductors + Insulators

19. What are insulators? wood
Insulators are materials that conduct heat poorly. Heat moves sloooow-ly through insulators.
What materials are insulators? See some below:
rubber
types of foam
fiberglass and types of fabric
wood

20. What are conductors? metal steel silver gold copper
Conductors are materials that allow heat to move through them easily. Heat moves slowly through insulators.
Anything made of _______is a good heat conductor.
metal
steel
silver
gold
copper

21. How could you change water into a solid?
Let’s Tackle Some Questions About Heat!
How could you change water into a solid?
Lower the temperature of the water to 0°C and it will change to ice.

22. Let’s Tackle Some Questions About Heat!
Why do hot dog forks usually have plastic or wooden handles?
Heat will move through the metal, but it can’t move through plastic or wood.

23. How does a jacket keep you warm?
Let’s Tackle Some Questions About Heat!
How does a jacket keep you warm?
The jacket traps your body heat and keeps it from escaping.

24. Why is the upstairs floor of a house usually warmer than the basement?
Let’s Tackle Some Questions About Heat!
Why is the upstairs floor of a house usually warmer than the basement?
Warm air rises and cooler air sinks.

25. How could you change water into a gas?
Let’s Tackle Some Questions About Heat!
How could you change water into a gas?
Heat the water to 100°C and it will boil and change to water vapor.

26. Let’s Tackle Some Questions About Heat!
Way to go!

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